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Kay Bradley

BBC News - Pakistan country profile - 5 views

news.bbc.co.uk/...1157960.stm

Pakistan

shared by Kay Bradley on 08 Sep 10 - No Cached
  • The disputed northern territory of Kashmir has been the flashpoint for two of the three India-Pakistan wars
  • There was a further brief but bitter armed conflict after Islamic militants infiltrated Indian-administered Kashmir in 1999
  • tarnished by corruption, inefficiency and confrontations between various institutions
  • ...17 more annotations...
  • military rule
  • coup leader, General Pervez Musharraf
  • economic challenges
  • increasing polarisation between Islamist militancy and the modernising secular wing of Pakistani politics
    • Kay Bradley
      Kay Bradley on 08 Sep 10
       
      factions!
  • Mr Musharraf relinquished his army post in November 2007
  • his supporters were defeated by the opposition Pakistan People's Party and former PM Nawaz Sharif's Muslim League.
    • Kay Bradley
      Kay Bradley on 08 Sep 10
       
      Political parties: PPP, Muslim League (now in power)
  • Pakistan's place on the world stage shifted after the 11 September 2001 attacks in the US. It dropped its support for the Taliban
    • Kay Bradley
      Kay Bradley on 08 Sep 10
       
      Impact of 9/11 on Pakistan's world role
  • was propelled into the frontline in the fight against terrorism
  • estive tribal regions along the Afghan border
  • forces
  • linked
  • Page last updated at 13:55 GMT, Wednesday, 18 August 2010 14:55 UK E-mail this to a friend Printable version Pakistan country profile
  • ince 2009, the government has been waging a rolling military campaign to flush the militants out of the tribal areas.
  • by Pakistan's legislators
  • "Mr 10%" following allegations of corruption.
  • 2001, two years after Pervez Musharraf seized power in a military coup
  • The broadcasting regulator can order a halt to the carriage of foreign TV channels via cable, particularly Indian or Afghan ones.
    • Kay Bradley
      Kay Bradley on 08 Sep 10
       
      media censorship
Kay Bradley

Population Control, Marauder Style - NYTimes.com - 2 views

www.nytimes.com/...on-control-marauder-style.html

population marauders death rate war casualties nytimes

shared by Kay Bradley on 06 Nov 11 - No Cached
Kay Bradley liked it
  • Kay Bradley on 06 Nov 11
     
    Compare death rates from Mideast slave trade, Famines in British India, World Wars I and II, Genghis Khan, Mao Zedong. . . at the bottom of the graphic there's a table translating figures into % of world population at the time they occurred. Astounding!
Kay Bradley

Methodology 2019 | Freedom House - 0 views

freedomhouse.org/...methodology-freedom-world-2019

freedom research ranking world rank democracy

shared by Kay Bradley on 12 Sep 19 - No Cached
  • three-tiered system consisting of scores, ratings, and status.
  • tables for converting scores to ratings and ratings to status, appear at the end of this essay.
  • 0 to 4 points for each of 10 political rights
  • ...27 more annotations...
  • 15 civil liberties indicators
  • 4 the greatest degree of freedom
  • The political rights questions are grouped into three subcategories: Electoral Process (3 questions), Political Pluralism and Participation (4), and Functioning of Government (3).
  • The civil liberties questions are grouped into four subcategories: Freedom of Expression and Belief (4 questions), Associational and Organizational Rights (3), Rule of Law (4), and Personal Autonomy and Individual Rights (4).
  • For the discretionary question, a score of 1 to 4 may be subtracted, as applicable (the worse the situation, the more points may be subtracted).
  • The highest overall score that can be awarded for political rights is 40 (or a score of 4 for each of the 10 questions). T
  • highest overall score that can be awarded for civil liberties is 60 (or a score of 4 for each of the 15 questions).
  • ach rating of 1 to 7, with 1 representing the greatest degree of freedom and 7 the smallest degree of freedom, corresponds to a specific range of total scores (see tables 1 and 2).
  • A country or territory is assigned two ratings
  • The average of a country or territory’s political rights and civil liberties ratings is called the Freedom Rating
  • upward or downward trend arrow
  • A trend arrow must be linked to a specific change or changes in score, and cannot be assigned if the country had no net change in score
  • Most score changes do not warrant trend arrows.
  • Electoral Democracy
  • designation “electoral democracy” to countries that have met certain minimum standards for political rights and civil liberties;
  • an electoral democracy designation requires a score of 7 or better in the Electoral Process subcategory, an overall political rights score of 20 or better, and an overall civil liberties score of 30 or better.
  • Countries and territories with a rating of 6 have very restricted political rights. They are ruled by authoritarian regimes, often with leaders or parties that originally took power by force and have been in office for decades.
  • hey may hold tightly controlled elections and grant a few political rights, such as some representation or autonomy for minority groups.
  • few or no political rights because of severe government oppression
  • While some are draconian police states, others may lack an authoritative and functioning central government and suffer from extreme violence or rule by regional warlords.
  • limits on media independence
  • estrictions on trade union activities
  • discrimination against minority groups and women.
  • strongly limit the rights of expression
  • frequently hold political prisoners
  • virtually no freedom of expression or association, do not protect the rights of detainees and prisoners, and often control most economic activity.
  • The gap between a country or territory’s political rights and civil liberties ratings is rarely more than two points. Politically oppressive states typically do not allow a well-developed civil society, for example, and it is difficult, if not impossible, to maintain political freedoms in the absence of civil liberties like press freedom and the rule of law.
Kay Bradley

USA | Climate Action Tracker - 0 views

climateactiontracker.org/...usa

climate change Paris Climate Accords 2015 net zero research

shared by Kay Bradley on 06 Oct 21 - No Cached
  • Kay Bradley on 06 Oct 21
     
    For CoPo Climate Round Table
Thomas Peterson

Russia Legislators Use Inquiries Into Wealth to Settle Scores - 1 views

www.nytimes.com/...o-wealth-to-settle-scores.html

Russia corruption

shared by Thomas Peterson on 02 Sep 12 - No Cached
  • Thomas Peterson on 02 Sep 12
     
    MOSCOW - When the Russian authorities began a series of investigations this spring into the business affairs of a prominent opposition lawmaker, it was widely viewed as thinly veiled political retribution. But in a sign of how quickly the tables can now be flipped in such disputes, allies of the politician, Gennady V.
  • Thomas Peterson on 02 Sep 12
     
    This article concerns attempts by Russian lawmakers to target opposition party members who they believe have violated Duma policy by "engaging in business or other paid activities". The controversy over the hypocrisy present in the aforementioned investigations sheds light on a question that interests me greatly: will Russia's corrupt and billionaire-driven government be sustainable in the long term? This particular case also raises questions about the mechanisms used by the ruling party, United Russia, in maintaining control over the Russian government.
  • Kay Bradley on 03 Sep 12
     
    This article also speaks to political culture, a key part of comparative politics analysis. Russia's transition to democracy has been halting, and many CoPo scholars say this is because Russia has a civic (and by extension political) culture that is used to authoritarianism of one sort or another. The notion of rule by democratic law is taking a long time to take hold. Is this explanation adequate? Compared to other countries?
kian vafai

Syria Minister Welcomes New Plan - 0 views

projects.nytimes.com/...syria

Dismantle Chemical Weapons

shared by kian vafai on 09 Sep 13 - No Cached
  • kian vafai on 12 Sep 13
     
    As distant and uninformed observers, we might see Syrian disarmament as an obvious and rational solution that prevents war. However, the option is placed on the table seconds before potential U.S. military involvement. In the case of Saddam Hussein, it took military involvement to prove his innocence in respect to chemical weapons. Why are dictators willing to threaten their positions of power when they can simply allow inspectors into the country? There must be some things that we don't understand. Power can often lead to narcissism and over confidence. Such traits could play a role in their unwillingness to cooperate.
bonnie_ko

The Belgian Act of Euthanasia of May 28th, 2002 - 1 views

www.ethical-perspectives.be/viewpic.php

shared by bonnie_ko on 14 Nov 14 - No Cached
  • bonnie_ko on 14 Nov 14
     
    This is the legal documenting outlining the legality of Euthanasia in Belgium concerning egregiously physically/mentally ill consenting adults.
Kay Bradley

Say African American or Black, but first acknowledge the persistence of structural raci... - 0 views

www.urban.org/...-persistence-structural-racism

shared by Kay Bradley on 27 Aug 20 - No Cached
  • recent immigrants from Africa and the Caribbean have different combinations of history and experience, so some have argued that the term “black” is more inclusive of the collective experiences of the US population.
  • About 10 percent of the 46.8 million black people in the United States are foreign born. 
Kay Bradley

COP26: Key Outcomes From the UN Climate Talks in Glasgow  | World Resources I... - 0 views

www.wri.org/...comes-un-climate-talks-glasgow

shared by Kay Bradley on 01 Dec 21 - No Cached
  • The world still remains off track to beat back the climate crisis.  
  • ministers from all over the world agreed that countries should come back next year to submit stronger 2030 emissions reduction targets with the aim of closing the gap to limiting global warming to 1.5 degrees
  • Ministers also agreed that developed countries should urgently deliver more resources to help climate-vulnerable countries adapt to the dangerous and costly consequences of climate change that they are feeling already —
  • ...46 more annotations...
  • curb methane emissions,
  • halt and reverse forest loss,
  • align the finance sector with net-zero by 2050
  • ditch the internal combustion engine
  • accelerate the phase-out of coal,
  • end international financing for fossil fuels,
  • “Not nearly enough” to the first question, “yes” to the second. 
  • 151 countries had submitted new climate plans (known as nationally determined contributions, or NDCs)
  • To keep the goal of limiting temperature rise to 1.5 degrees C within reach, we need to cut global emissions in half by the end of this decade.
  • these plans, as they stand, put the world on track for 2.5 degrees C of warming by the end of the century.
  • If you take into account countries’ commitments to reach net-zero emissions by around mid-century, analysis shows temperature rise could be kept to around 1.8 or 1.9 degrees C.
  • some major emitters’ 2030 targets are so weak (particularly those from Australia, China, Saudi Arabia, Brazil and Russia) that they don’t offer credible pathways to achieve their net-zero targets.
  • a major “credibility gap”
  • To fix this problem, these countries’ must strengthen their 2030 emissions reduction targets to at least align with their net-zero commitments. 
  • as well as ramping up ambition
  • the pact asks nations to consider further actions to curb potent non-CO2 gases, such as methane, and includes language emphasizing the need to “phase down unabated coal” and “phase-out fossil fuel subsidies.”
  • This marked the first time negotiators have explicitly referenced shifting away from coal and phasing out fossil fuel subsidies in COP decision text.  
  • this COP finally recognized the importance of nature for both reducing emissions and building resilience to the impacts of climate change,
  • Did Developing Countries Get the Finance and Support They Need? 
  • In 2009, rich nations committed to mobilize $100 billion a year by 2020 and through 2025 to support climate efforts in developing countries
  • developed countries failed to meet that goal in 2020 (recent OECD estimates show that total climate finance reached $79.6 billion in 2019).
  • The Adaptation Fund reached unprecedented levels of contributions, with new pledges for $356 million that represent almost three times its mobilization target for 2022. The Least Developed Countries Fund, which supports climate change adaptation in the world’s least developed countries, also received a record $413 million in new contributions.
  • COP26 also took steps to help developing countries access good quality finance options.
  • For example, encouraging multilateral institutions to further consider the links between climate vulnerabilities and the need for concessional financial resources for developing countries — such as securing grants rather than loans to avoid increasing their debt burden. 
  • COP26 finally put the critical issue of loss and damage squarely on the main stage
  • Climate change is already causing devastating losses of lives, land and livelihoods. Some damages are permanent — from communities that are wiped out, to islands disappearing beneath the waves, to water resources that are drying up.
  • Countries also agreed to operationalize and fund the Santiago Network on Loss and Damage, established at COP25 in Madrid, and to catalyze the technical assistance developing countries need to address loss and damage in a robust and effective manner.  
  • International Carbon Markets.
  • negotiators agreed to avoid double-counting, in which more than one country could claim the same emissions reductions as counting toward their own climate commitments.
  • his is critical to make real progress on reducing emissions.
  • Common Time Frames. In Glasgow, countries were encouraged to use common timeframes for their national climate commitments. This means that new NDCs that countries put forward in 2025 should have an end-date of 2035, in 2030 they will put forward commitments with a 2040 end-date, and so on.
  • Transparency. In Glasgow, all countries agreed to submit information about their emissions and financial, technological and capacity-building support using a common and standardized set of formats and tables.
  • 100 high-level announcements during the “World Leaders Summit"
  • including a bold commitment from India to reach net-zero emissions by 2070 that is backed up with near-term targets (including ambitious renewable energy targets for 2030), 109 countries signing up to the Global Methane Pledge to slash emissions by 30% by 2030, and a pledge by 141 countries (as of November 10) to halt and reverse forest loss and land degradation by 2030 (backed by $18 billion in funding, including $1.7 billion dedicated to support indigenous peoples).  
  • Glasgow Breakthroughs, a set of global targets meant to dramatically accelerate the innovation and use of clean technologies in five emissions-heavy sectors:
  • power, road transport, steel, hydrogen and agriculture.
  • 46 countries, including the U.K., Canada, Poland and Vietnam made commitments to phase out domestic coal,
  • 29 countries including the U.K., Canada, Germany and Italy committed to end new direct international public support for unabated fossil fuels by the end of 2022
  • Beyond Oil and Gas Alliance, led by Costa Rica and Denmark — with core members France, Greenland, Ireland, Quebec, Sweden and Wales — pledged to end new licensing rounds for oil and gas exploration and production and set an end date that is aligned with Paris Agreement objectives
  • Efforts were also made to scale up solar investment
  • new Solar Investment Action Agenda by WRI, the International Solar Alliance (ISA) and Bloomberg Philanthropies that identifies high-impact opportunities to speed up investment and reach ISA’s goal of mobilizing $1 trillion in solar investment by 2030.
  • Non-state actors including investors, businesses, cities and subnational regions also joined collective action initiatives aimed at driving economic transformation.
  • Over 400 financial firms which control over $130 trillion in assets committed to aligning their portfolios to net-zero by 2030
  • banks, asset managers and asset owners fully recognize the business case for climate action and the significant risks of investing in the high-carbon, polluting economy of that past.
  • 11 major automakers agreed to work toward selling only zero-emission vehicles globally by 2040, and by no later than 2035 in leading markets.  
  • In the year ahead, major emitters need to ramp up their 2030 emissions reduction targets to align with 1.5 degrees C, more robust approaches are needed to hold all actors accountable for the many commitments made in Glasgow, and much more attention is needed on how to meet the urgent needs of climate-vulnerable countries to help them deal with climate impacts and transition to net-zero economies.
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