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ershai

Venezuela subtracts six zeros from currency, second overhaul in three years | Reuters - 0 views

  • Venezuela's year-on-year inflation is 1,743%, according to the Venezuelan Finance Observatory. A minimum wage salary is barely $2.50 per month.
  • Maduro's socialist government blames U.S. sanctions for the country's woes, while critics assign responsibility to interventionist macroeconomic policies
  • widespread adoption of the U.S. dollar for commercial transactions in Venezuela
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  • Bolivars in cash in Venezuela are rarely used for routine purchases
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    In the beginning of October, Venezuela cut six zeros from its currency in an attempt to fight inflation. Similar attempts have occurred, in 2018 for example, but the effects typically don't last more than a few years. Bolivars in cash are rarely used for everyday purchases anymore.
Kay Bradley

Venezuela: The Rise and Fall of a Petrostate | Council on Foreign Relations - 0 views

  • Punto Fijo pact, which guaranteed that state jobs and, notably, oil rents would be parceled out to the three parties in proportion to voting results. While the pact sought to guard against dictatorship and usher in democratic stability, it ensured that oil profits would be concentrated in the state.
  • OPEC. V
  • OPEC embargo on countries backing Israel in the Yom Kippur War quadrupled oil prices and made Venezuela the country with the highest per-capita income in Latin America.
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  • mismanagement. Analysts estimate that as much as $100 billion was embezzled between 1972 and 1997 alone.
  • A country that discovers a resource after it has formed robust democratic institutions is usually better able to avoid the resource curse, analysts say. For example, strong institutions in Norway have helped the country enjoy steady economic growth since the 1960s, when vast oil reserves were discovered in the North Sea,
  • Strong democracies with an independent press and judiciary help curtail classic petrostate problems.
  • Many countries with vast resource wealth, such as Norway and Saudi Arabia, have established sovereign wealth funds (SWF) to manage their investments
  • climate change.  
  • Analysts anticipate that a global shift from fossil fuel energy to renewables such as solar and wind will force petrostates to diversify their economies. Nearly two hundred countries, including Venezuela, have joined the Paris Agreement, a binding treaty that requires states to make specific commitments to mitigate
  • Summary Venezuela is an example of a decaying petrostate, where the government is highly dependent on income from fossil fuels, power is concentrated in an elite minority, and corruption is widespread.  Petrostates are vulnerable to what economists call Dutch disease, a dynamic in which a government develops an unhealthy dependence on natural resource exports, and other important industrial sectors are deprived of investment. Venezuela has descended into economic and political turmoil under President Nicolas Maduro, as its once-substantial oil outflows have slowed to a trickle. Absent a power transition, analysts say the country’s prospects are grim.
  • Jeffrey Sachs,
arjunk2022

Bitcoin, ethereum rise as Venezuela launches digital currency - 0 views

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    Venezuela has decided to launch a government cryptocurrency: "Venezuela had announced in August that it is revamping its national currency, the bolivar and launching its central bank digital currency (CBDC) - the digital bolivar - on 1 October". While it may not be something they keep forever, it seems like it could help in the short term as Venezuela suffers from hyperinflation.
Kay Bradley

UPRISING IN VENEZUELA: THE GOVERNMENT; VENEZUELA'S CHIEF FORCED TO RESIGN; CIVILIAN INS... - 0 views

  • Officials portrayed the ouster as a victory for democracy, even though Mr. Chávez was a legitimately elected president.
  • However, Latin American leaders at a summit meeting in Costa Rica criticized Mr. Chávez's ouster as an ''interruption of the constitutional order.''
  • Mr. Chávez presided over a stormy era when he seized control of the legislature, confronted the old-line political elite and steered the country into an alliance with Cuba.
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  • Mr. Chávez had ''presented his resignation.'' He spoke flanked by military officers who had rebelled against Mr. Chávez on Thursday night, the third day of a general strike called by his opponents.
  • opponents of the government took to the streets in the early morning hours, honking horns and waving the gold, blue and red of the Venezuelan flag. El Universal, a leading newspaper here, hailed the end with these words, ''It's over!''The interim government quickly moved to undo Mr. Chavez's policies, dissolving the National Assembly controlled by his supporters, firing members of the Supreme Court and changing the country's official name back to the Republic of Venezuela.
  • the huge state-owned oil company, which exports most of its oil to the United States.
  • Cuba called the change-over a coup and urged other countries to distance themselves from the new government. President Fidel Castro and Mr. Chávez had formed a close friendship.
  • American officials praised the Venezuelan military and the police for defying Mr. Chávez,
  • ''The goal for his successors is to effectively tackle the pressing socio-economic issues that brought Chávez to power with so much popular support,'' said Russell Crandall, a Latin America specialist at Davidson College in North Carolina. ''Chávez was right about the problems he saw in Venezuela. He was wrong about the solutions and the Venezuelan people made that very clear.''
kylany

U.S. Arrests Alex Saab, Deal Maker for Nicolás Maduro of Venezuela - The New ... - 0 views

  • United States extradited a top ally of Venezuela’s authoritarian government on Saturday, his lawyer said, prompting a swift retaliation from Venezuelan officials
  • just hours after Mr. Saab was put on a plane to the United States on Saturday, the Venezuelan government re-apprehended six oil executives, including 5 American citizens
  • The six oil executives are generally viewed as negotiating pawns in the antagonistic relationship between the United States and Venezuela.
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  • U.S. officials have said that this was part of a larger plot in which Mr. Maduro’s allies bought less or lower-quality food than specified in contracts and doled out the extra money to loyalists.
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    Alex Saab, a Colombian businessman, is accused in the U.S. of siphoning millions from programs intended to help the needy in Venezuela.
juliam814

U.S.-Venezuela Tensions Heat Up Again After Extradition of Maduro Ally - The New York T... - 0 views

  • Alex Saab, a close adviser to Mr. Maduro, was extradited to the United States on charges of money laundering and links to Hezbollah, and the window of opportunity for a political resolution slammed shut — at least for now.
  • “But I think it’s also indicative, unfortunately, of Mr. Maduro putting self-interests ahead of the interests of the Venezuelan people,” Mr. Blinken said.
  • The United States still views Juan Guaidó, the former head of Venezuela’s National Assembly who attended President Donald J. Trump’s last State of the Union speech in 2020, as Venezuela’s interim leader.
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    After a slight turn towards the better, the relationship between Venezuela and the United States has tensed up again. After one of Maduro's allies, Alex Saab, was extradited (handed over (a person accused or convicted of a crime) to the jurisdiction of the foreign state in which the crime was committed), Maduro called off all negotiations with the US that could have lead to rapprochement. This article then details some of the mistrust the US government has in Maduro.
Alexander Luckmann

Venezuela Goes to the Polls -- not in the same way we will in a month - 0 views

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    An interesting article on the Chilean election. This theme reflects on our study of economic approaches, in particular the aftermath of the shock therapy first instituted in Latin America to combat inflation in Chile. This policy was so painful for so many people that, in the 2000s, South America experienced a sharp political left turn, one of whose leaders is Chavez. He has ruled Venezuela with an almost autocratic grip, but seems at his weakest in years for this year's election.
maxmouse

Trump Considers Military Option for Venezuela - Video - NYTimes.com - 0 views

juliam814

Venezuela introduces new currency, drops six zeros | Business and Economy | Al Jazeera - 0 views

  • As of Friday, seven one-million bolivar notes – the highest denomination and very hard to come by – were required to pay in cash for one loaf of bread.
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    Venezuela introduces a new currency to combat inflation.
arjunk2022

With Venezuela's economy in crisis, cryptocurrency fills the gaps - 0 views

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    Venezuela was hit hard by hyperinflation and US sanctions. With distrust in the government's currency and economic systems, cryptocurrency has become increasingly popular in the country: "In Venezuela, crypto is mainly used to hedge against inflation that causes bank deposits to sharply depreciate in weeks or even days"
Kay Bradley

The Political Economy of Venezuela and PDVSA - Georgetown Journal of International Affairs - 1 views

  • Under the direction of Luis Giusti in the 1994-1998 period, PDVSA’s production soared. This trend changed in 1999, when Hugo Chavez became Venezuela’s president and introduced Chavismo as the guiding economic doctrine.
  • Chavez responded by purging PDVSA of its professionals en masse, replacing them with “reliable” hands—those loyal to Chavez’s socialist regime.
  • This trend has left Venezuela’s output drastically lower than when Chavez took power in 1999.
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  • with capital expenditures far below the value of equipment that is being consumed each year by depreciation and amortization.
  • On top of PDVSA’s reduced capital stock and its deteriorating quality, there has also been a drop in the stock and quality of its human capital.
  • It is important to note that PDVSA’s decreased output is not due to dwindling oil reserves,
  • Venezuela’s reserves—which are the world’s largest, at 9.26 billion barrels
  • At the end of 2018, Exxon’s depletion rate was 6.74 percent per year—a rate comparable to that realized by most major oil companies. That rate implies that it would take 9.9 years for Exxon’s oil reserves to be halfway depleted. That is 370.5 years earlier than when PDVSA would deplete half of its reserves
  • The country with the world’s largest oil reserves, Venezuela is plagued by a mismanaged, state-owned oil company in a death spiral—PDVSA.
samuelws

Let's plug the sanctions gaps that enable Iran to sell oil to China and Venezuela | The... - 0 views

  • For all the sanctions on Iran, Tehran has secured willing customers for its crucial oil and gas exports in the world’s leading authoritarian and communist regimes: Venezuela and China
  • Yet Iran’s success in courting Venezuela and China does not mean that U.S. sanctions have failed. Sanctions have forced the regime to trade with a few like-minded authoritarian regimes.
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    Doesn't Venezuela already have tons of oil?
Kay Bradley

'We are like a bomb': food riots show Venezuela crisis has gone beyond politics | World... - 1 views

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    People are looting and trying to steal food and the govt seems to not be doing anything about it.
theos2022

Venezuela Cracks Down Using Security Forces Amid Coronavirus Pandemic - The New York Times - 2 views

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    Venezuela, under the leadership of President Maduro, has started to to use military force, intimidation, and imprisonment to address the coronavirus and consolidate political power. It is believed that the virus presents a threat to the Venezuelan government because it exposes the country's lack of resources and vulnerability in times of turmoil. It has now essentially become a crime to contract the virus because one can be labeled a bio-terrorist. I was drawn to this article because I wanted to see how other countries have been addressing the virus and this approach certainly stood out to me.
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    This article is really interesting. I think it highlights the fact that a crisis shows the true colors of a government and what they value. In this case they clearly don't value the lives of their citizens. Although their methods may be effective at slowing the spread of coronavirus, given the conditions the so called "bio-terrorists" are forced to live in, they are not effective at keeping their citizens healthy. Rather, the government is only employing this method to perpetuate power. From what I have seen in this and other articles, it appears that in many places around the world the government's response to COVID-19 has less to do with protecting the health and well being of citizens and more to do with maintaining power and image.
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    This article is both fascinating and deeply disturbing. Like Jalen said, this really does put on full display what a government actually cares about. I saw in the article that Pres. Maduro said "[his citizens are] given care that's unique in the world, humane care, loving, Christian," and having done a quick google search I've realized that Venezuala is an officially Roman Catholic country. I found this interesting, and I've often wondered why countries that are officially religious seem so often not to adhere to the values of those religions, while claiming that they do. An easy answer is to protect their reputation and economy, but I'd love to look into it more.
arjunk2022

Venezuela's New Lettuce-Based Economy Is Good Enough for Now - 0 views

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    This article talked about the benefit of dollarization in Venezuela. I never thought about how other currencies' integration could be an economic tool, but it makes a lot of sense how it could help in this case: "Venezuelans spontaneously began to adopt the dollar in 2019 as a way of fending off hyperinflation".
anonymous

Six years on, the work of #NiUnaMenos activists in Latin America continues : NPR - 1 views

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    Venezuela has some of the highest femicide rates in the world. On average a woman is killed every 23 hours in Venezuela. So when a 14 year old girl was brutally murdered by her boyfriend, her story sparked national outrage, and eventually global.
audreybandel

Venezuela Reaches 40% Vaccination Rate, Will Hit 70% by October | News | teleSUR English - 0 views

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    It is always interesting to compare vaccination rates in other nations. I feel like people often use Venezuela as an example of a "dysfunctional" country, but their vaccination rates aren't that bad considering the state of their economy.
petertimpane

Venezuelans Break Off Flakes of Gold to as Currency With Bolivars Worthless - Bloomberg - 0 views

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    People in Venezuela have started using the gold standard again because their currency has collapsed to such an extent.
anishakaul

Few in Venezuela Want Bolívars, but No One Can Spare a Dime - The New York Times - 0 views

  • Venezuelans have lost faith in their economy and in the ability of their government to find a way out of the mess
  • domestic confidence in the economy has crashed
  • the government has refused for months to release basic economic data like the inflation rate or the gross domestic product
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  • A movie ticket costs about 380 bolívars. Calculated at the government rate, that is $60. At the black-market rate, it is just $0.54. Want a large popcorn and soda with that? Depending on how you calculate it, that is either $1.15 or $128.The minimum wage is 7,421 bolívars a month. That is either a decent $1,178 a month or a miserable $10.60.
    • anishakaul
       
      ???
  • the black market for dollars has soared
  • country’s income has shrunk
  • strict controls on prices and foreign exchange for imports
  • “It’s crazy,” he said. “We’re living a nightmare. There’s nothing to buy, and the money isn’t worth anything.”
  • “Necessity has a dog’s face,”
Heather Anderson

Russia Plans Nuclear Plant in Venezuela - 0 views

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    Russia hinted that they wanted to calm any U.S. fears about building a nuclear power plant in Venezuela, whose government is not exactly the closest of the United States' friends. Just an illustration of lingering tension over socialism vs. capitalism, the Cold War, and the spread of nuclear technology. Russia has been building plants worldwide in a mission to sell nuclear energy.
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    One thing that jumped out at me when I read the article is that Russia's first reaction when announcing this plan was to attempt to quell US fears and tell the US that we shouldn't be getting involved. Interesting that other countries see the US as so involved in their affairs that the first thing they do when they do something controversial that does not involve us to to justify it to us...
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