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davido T

Waste Home - Life-Cycle of Waste Image and Description | Climate Change - What You Can ... - 0 views

epa.gov/...lifecycle.html

ghg_models life_cycle_analysis warm_model

shared by davido T on 14 Sep 07 - Cached
  • Landfilling, the most common waste management practice, results in the release of methane from the anaerobic decomposition of organic materials. Methane is 21 times more potent a GHG than carbon dioxide. However, landfill methane is also a source of energy, and some landfills capture and use it for energy. In addition, many materials in landfills do not decompose fully, and the carbon that remains is sequestered in the landfill and not released into the atmosphere.
  • The image above illustrates the four main stages of product life-cycles, all of which provide opportunities for GHG emissions and/or offsets. These stages are: raw material acquisition, manufacturing, recycling, and waste management.
yc c

The facts | Population Matters | Every Choice Counts | Sustainable World Population - 0 views

populationmatters.org/the-facts

population world overpopulation future sustainable community

shared by yc c on 01 Aug 20 - No Cached
  • yc c on 01 Aug 20
     
    Our vision is of a future in which our population co-exists in harmony with nature and prospers on a healthy planet, to the benefit of all.​ Our mission is to drive positive, large-scale action through fostering choices that help achieve a sustainable human population and regenerate our environment. There are now more than 7,700,000,000 people on planet Earth. It took until the early 1800s for the world population to reach one billion. Now we add a billion every 12-15 years. There are many misconceptions about population - what the numbers say, what the impact is, and what population campaigners want to do about it. We are a company limited by guarantee (3019081) and a registered charity (1114109).
buycashapp33

Why Should You Consider Buying Verified Cashapp Accounts? - Quora - 0 views

www.quora.com/...ying-Verified-Cashapp-Accounts

bitcoin enabled cash app account buy a verified cashapp accounts usa old reddit how do i get is my

shared by buycashapp33 on 29 Jul 23 - No Cached
  • buycashapp33 on 29 Jul 23
     
    Once your account is created, you can link your bank account or credit/debit card so that you can easily send and receive money. To send money through the app, just enter in the amount and hit "send." The recipient will then get a notification letting them know that they've been sent money and they can choose whether or not to accept it (which they'll need to do in order for the funds to appear in their account). If they don't have a CashApp account yet ,they will need to create one before they can claim the funds .As soon as they accept the payment ,the funds will instantly be deposit into their account . And that's all there is to transferring money with the CashApp!
davido T

The Thirteenth Tipping Point | Mother Jones - 0 views

www.motherjones.com/...13th_tipping_point.html

global_warming interpretive communities tipping_points

shared by davido T on 06 Jun 07 - Cached
  • The 12 tipping points are: 1. Amazon Rainforest 2. North Atlantic Current 3. Greenland Ice Sheet 4. Ozone Hole 5. Antarctic Circumpolar Current 6. Sahara Desert 7. Tibetan Plateau 8. Asian Monsoon 9. Methane Clathrates 10. Salinity Valves 11. El Nino 12. West Antarctic Ice Sheet
  • A 2005 study by Anthony Leiserowitz, published in Risk Analysis, found that while most Americans are moderately concerned about global warming, the majority—68 percent—believe the greatest threats are to people far away or to nonhuman nature. Only 13 percent perceive any real risk to themselves, their families, or their communities. As Leiserowitz points out, this perception is critical, since Americans constitute only 5 percent of the global population yet produce nearly 25 percent of the global carbon dioxide emissions.
  • 12 ASTEROIDS AND EVOLVING INTO WISDOM IN 2004, JOHN SCHELLNHUBER, distinguished science adviser at the Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research in the United Kingdom, identified 12 global-warming tipping points, any one of which, if triggered, will likely initiate sudden, catastrophic changes across the planet. Odds are you've never heard of most of these tipping points, even though your entire genetic legacy—your children, your grandchildren, and beyond—may survive or not depending on their status.
  • ...8 more annotations...
  • EISEROWITZ'S STUDY OF risk perception found that Americans fall into "interpretive communities"—cliques, if you will, sharing similar demographics, risk perceptions, and worldviews.
    • davido T
      davido T on 06 Jun 07
       
      that's a great term "interpretive communities"
    • davido T
      davido T on 06 Jun 07
       
      stopped reading here
  • On one end of this spectrum are the naysayers: those who perceive climate change as a very low or nonexistent danger. Leiserowitz found naysayers to be "predominantly white, male, Republican, politically conservative, holding pro-individualism, pro-hierarchism, and anti-egalitarian worldviews, anti-environmental attitudes, distrustful of most institutions, highly religious, and to rely on radio as their main source of news."
  • This group presented five rationales for rejecting danger: belief that global warming is natural; belief that it's media/environmentalist hype; distrust of science; flat denial; and conspiracy theories, including the belief that researchers create data to ensure job security
  • We might wonder how these naysayers, who represent only 7 percent of Americans yet control much of our government, got to be the way they are. A study of urban American adults by Nancy Wells and Kristi Lekies of Cornell University sheds some light on environmental attitudes. Wells and Lekies found that children who play unsupervised in the wild before the age of 11 develop strong environmental ethics. Children exposed only to structured hierarchical play in the wild—through, for example, Boy Scouts and Girl Scouts, or by hunting or fishing alongside supervising adults—do not. To interact humbly with nature we need to be free and undomesticated in it. Otherwise, we succumb to hubris in maturity. The fact that few children enjoy free rein outdoors anymore bodes poorly for our future decision-makers.
    • davido T
      davido T on 06 Jun 07
       
      hmm... was it so clear-cut a conclusion?
  • THE ALARMISTS AND THE ACROBAT ON THE OTHER END of Leiserowitz's spectrum of perception regarding global warming is an interpretive community he calls the alarmists, generally comprised of individuals holding pro-egalitarian, anti-individualist, and antihierarchical worldviews, who are supportive of government policies to mitigate climate change, even so far as raising taxes. Members of this group are likely to have taken personal action to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
  • Collectively, alarmists compose 11 percent of Americans, with the remaining interpretive communities falling considerably closer to the alarmists than the naysayers in the spectrum—suggesting the gap might be cinched by sustained public education on the neighborhood dangers likely to arise in a changed global climate.
  • Hurricane Katrina provided a wake-up call for how bad it can get in the neighborhood, and may prove a tipping point itself.
  • Yet long before its rampage, American kids were coloring pictures of the first icon of global environmentalism, the Amazon. Its billion-plus acres of rivers and rainforest—its trees collecting and containing excessive greenhouse gases from the atmosphere—were our primer for the revolutionary notion that the earth's neighborhoods are interdependent. Today Amazonia is the most famous of Schellnhuber's tipping points. For a generation, kids have grown up learning that the Amazon is at risk from massive deforestation. But even if clearcutting were to halt, climate models forecast that a warming globe will convert the wet Amazonia forest into savanna within this century, and the loss of trees will render the region a net CO2 producer, further accelerating global warming.
davido T

Governor to sign global-warming bill / Why Sept. 27, 2006 will be a day to remember - 0 views

www.sfgate.com/...article.cgi

ab32 global_warming

shared by davido T on 01 May 07 - Cached
  • Governor to sign global-warming bill Why Sept. 27, 2006 will be a day to remember Daniel M. Kammen
  • More important than the target, which is itself dramatic, is the fact that California will establish emission controls on the largest industrial sectors, including utilities, oil refineries and cement manufacturing, and will use market mechanisms -- emissions trading -- to find the economically most-efficient ways to reduce global warming.
  • AB32, introduced by Assemblywoman Fran Pavley, D-Agoura Hills, and Assembly Speaker Fabian Núñez, D-Los Angeles, calls for a cap on greenhouse-gas emissions statewide, and a 25 percent reduction by 2020.
  • ...4 more annotations...
  • In California, AB32 is economy-wide and would result in 174 million tons of emissions reductions.
  • Instead of opposing AB32, the market-based flexibility that the bill embraces has convinced the giant Northern California utility, Pacific Gas & Electric (PG&E), to support the bill, as do a wide range of Silicon Valley companies and venture capitalists, that have been investing heavily in the clean and renewable energy sector. In fact, studies from my research group at UC Berkeley, as well as macroeconomic models of the state economy prepared for the California Environmental Protection Agency, both find that an investment in clean energy will likely bring economic benefits to the state in the form of significant numbers of new jobs and export opportunities for what is becoming known as the ''clean tech'' sector.
  • AB32 will have a transforming effect on power generation and greenhouse-gas emissions far beyond California. Power providers, that sell into the huge California market, will be subject to the cap-and-trade provisions through the utilities, including PG&E, that sell their energy. California has thus effectively utilized market forces to not only find the most cost-effective ways to reduce emissions and inefficient uses of energy, but also to encourage innovation to bring solar, wind, clean bio-fuels and other forms of renewable energy into the market.
  • Daniel M. Kammen is the Class of 1935 distinguished professor of energy at the University of California, Berkeley. He co-directs the Berkeley Institute of the Environment and is founding director of the Renewable and Appropriate Energy Laboratory (RAEL). He has appointments in the Energy and Resources Group and the Goldman School of Public Policy.
davido T

Frequent Questions about Recycling and Waste Management | Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) |... - 0 views

www.epa.gov/...faq.htm

epa--solid_waste recycling--rhetoric

shared by davido T on 26 Apr 08 - Cached
  • In 2000, recycling resulted in an annual energy savings of at least 660 trillion BTUs, which equals the amount of energy used in 6 million households annually. In 2005, recycling is conservatively projected to save 900 trillion BTUs, equal to the annual energy use of 9 million households.
    • davido T
      davido T on 26 Apr 08
       
      source?
  • What effects do waste prevention and recycling have on global warming?
  • What materials are most commonly recycled in the United States through collection programs? US recycling rates for commonly recycled consumer goods in 2006 are listed below: Newspapers: 87.9% Corrugated Cardboard Boxes: 72.0% Steel Cans: 62.9% Yard Trimmings: 62.0% Aluminum Beer and Soft Drink Cans: 45.1% Magazines: 40.5% Tires: 34.9% Plastic HDPE Milk and Water Bottles: 31.0% Plastic Soft Drink Bottles: 30.9% Glass Containers: 25.3% EPA's annually updated report, Municipal Solid Waste in the US: 2006 Facts and Figures, describes the national MSW stream based on data collected since 1960. The historical perspective provided is useful for establishing trends in the types of MSW generated and the ways in which it is managed.
davido T

US EPA - High GWP Gases: Science - 0 views

www.epa.gov/...scientific.html

ghg's--high_gwp

shared by davido T on 15 Feb 08 - Cached
  • In addition to having high global warming potentials, SF6 and PFCs have extremely long atmospheric lifetimes, resulting in their essentially irreversible accumulation in the atmosphere once emitted (see below).
  • The definition of a GWP for a particular greenhouse gas is the ratio of heat trapped by one unit mass of the greenhouse gas to that of one unit mass of CO2 over a specified time period.
  • While the most current estimates for GWPs are listed in the IPCC's Third Assessment Report (TAR), EPA analyses use the 100-year GWPs listed in the IPCC's Second Assessment Report (SAR) to be consistent with the international standards under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) (IPCC, 1996
    • davido T
      davido T on 15 Feb 08
       
      any political reason too?? doubtful b/c ICLEI uses SAR too.
  • ...14 more annotations...
  • Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) HFCs are man-made chemicals, many of which have been developed as alternatives to ozone-depleting substances (ODS) for industrial, commercial, and consumer products.
  • The global warming potentials of HFCs range from 140 (HFC-152a) to 11,700 (HFC-23).
  • The atmospheric lifetime for HFCs varies from just over a year for HFC-152a to 260 years for HFC-23.
  • Most of the commercially used HFCs have atmospheric lifetimes less than 15 years; e.g., HFC-134a, which i sused in automobile air conditioning and refrigeration, has an atmospheric life of 14 years.
  • Perfluorocarbons (PFCs) Primary aluminum production and semiconductor manufacture are the largest known man-made sources of two perfluorocarbons – CF4 (tetrafluoromethane) and C2F6 (hexafluoroethane).
  • The GWP of CF4 and C2F6 emissions is equivalent to approximately 6,500 and 9,200 tonnes, respectively. PFCs are also relatively minor substitutes for ozone-depleting substances (ODSs).
  • PFCs have extremely stable molecular structures and are largely immune to the chemical processes in the lower atmosphere that break down most atmospheric pollutants. Not until the PFCs reach the mesosphere, about 60 kilometers above Earth, do very high-energy ultraviolet rays from the sun destroy them. This removal mechanism is extremely slow and as a result PFCs accumulate in the atmosphere and remain there for several thousand years.
  • The estimated atmospheric lifetimes for CF4 and C2F6 are 50,000 and 10,000 years respectively.
  • Sulfur Hexafluoride (SF6) The global warming potential of SF6 is 23,900, making it the most potent greenhouse gas the IPCC has evaluated.
  • SF6 is used for insulation and current interruption in electric power transmission and distribution equipment, in the magnesium industry to protext molten magnesium from oxidation and potentially violent burning, in semiconductor manufacturing to create circuitry patterns on silicon wafers, and as a tracer gas for leak detection.
    • davido T
      davido T on 15 Feb 08
       
      semiconductors (i.e. electronics) not exactly clean-tech!
  • Like the other high GWP gases, there are very few sinks for SF6, so all man-made sources contribute directly to its accumulation in the atmosphere. Measurements of SF6 show that its global average concentration has increased by about 7% per year during the 1980s and 1990s, from less 1 ppt in 1980 to almost 4 ppt in the late 1990’s (IPCC, 2001).
  • HFC-134a has an atmospheric lifetime of about 14 years and its abundance is expected to continue to rise in line with its increasing use as a refrigerant around the world.
  • The only significant emissions of HFCs before 1990 were of the chemical HFC-23
    • davido T
      davido T on 15 Feb 08
       
      wow!! all since 1990
  • Between 1978 and 1995, HFC-23 concentrations have increased from 3 to 10 parts per trillion (ppt), and continue to rise. Since 1990, when it was almost undetectable, global average concentrations of HFC-134a have risen significantly to almost 10 ppt (parts per trillion).
davido T

Despite lower carbon dioxide emissions, diesel cars may promote more global warming tha... - 0 views

www.stanford.edu/...jacobsonJGR1023.html

fossil-fuel g810--research_project--lit_review ghg particulates--co2 particulates--pm

shared by davido T on 06 Dec 07 - Cached
  • The state of California is implementing an even more restrictive standard in 2004, allowing only 0.006 grams per kilometer [0.01 grams per mile] of particulate emissions.
  • Even if the California standard were introduced worldwide, says Jacobson, diesel cars may still warm the climate more than gasoline cars over 13 to 54 years.
  • Jacobson says that new particle traps being introduced by some European automobile manufacturers in their diesel cars appear to reduce black carbon emissions to 0.003 grams per kilometer [0.005 grams per mile], even below the California standard.
  • ...4 more annotations...
  • But, he says, "diesel vehicles emitting at this level may still warm the climate more than gasoline over a 10 to 50 year period, not only because of black carbon emissions, but also because the traps themselves require addition fuel use.
  • Gasoline/battery hybrid vehicles now available not only get better mileage than the newest diesels but also emit less black carbon."
  • In practice, less than 0.1 percent of light vehicles in the United States run on diesel fuel, whereas more than 25 percent do in Europe. (Almost a third of new European cars in 2000 were diesel powered.)
  • In both the United States and Europe, virtually all heavy trucks and buses are diesel powered, and American diesel consumption rates for all modes of ground transportation combined are about 75 to 80 percent of those in Europe.
    • davido T
      davido T on 06 Dec 07
       
      source?
Philippe Scheimann

Walk Your Talk: The Fifteen Most Important Things You Can Do to Green Your Life - 0 views

www.motherearthnews.com/...Green-Your-Life.aspx

environment climate_change

shared by Philippe Scheimann on 30 Jul 09 - Cached
  • Philippe Scheimann on 30 Jul 09
     
    another list ...
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