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The belief that development and reconstruction are central to stability and security is not new. It is, however, also highly contentious, perhaps nowhere more so than in Afghanistan, the longest running experiment in stabilisation. Experiences in Afghanistan have irrevocably shaped how aid agencies regard and relate to military forces during conflict and, arguably, vice-versa. Through the Afghanistan case, this Working Paper seeks to better understand the challenges of civil-military dialogue - dialogue between military forces and independent humanitarian actors - in the context of combined international and national military forces pursuing stabilisation. In particular, it looks at the challenges posed by military forces that actively seek to pursue development and reconstruction - traditionally the domain of aid agencies - as a central component of a military strategy.

In the UK, the British Red Cross chairs a forum to improve and strengthen communications between non-governmental aid organisations (NGOs) and the British armed forces and relevant government departments

This Map Library are assembled by The Afghanistan Team at the Civil-Military Fusion Centre and consists of hundreds of maps of Afghanistan and the surrounding region. The maps in the collection cover varying scopes, from regional and national levels to provincial, district and even city levels. The maps reflect information on a wide range of topics, themes and sectors, including humanitarian aid, infrastructure, natural resources and security, among others. The maps have been collected from credible open-sources, including international organisations, research bodies, governmental agencies and others.

This literature review is part of an HPG project entitled 'Civil-Military Coordination: The Search for Common Ground'. This two-year research and public affairs project explores how recent global developments have affected the relationship between military and humanitarian actors, with the aim of facilitating more effective and principled ollaboration to support better humanitarian outcomes for crisis-affected populations. This paper identifies key trends emerging from the literature on civil-military coordination in conflicts and natural disasters. It deals with the interaction between international humanitarian and international or foreign military actors operating in crisis contexts, and offers some reflections on the relationship between national military actors and the international humanitarian community