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The North American Clinical Trials Network (NACTN) is one more way that the Reeve Foundation is moving promising therapies from the lab to spinal cord injured patients. NACTN is working hard to insure that any clinical trial will be done in a way that maximizes both patient safety and our ability to gather valid, meaningful data. NACTN is an international network of hospitals with highly trained personnel and uniform protocols and data collection that help to ensure safety for all trial subjects and interpretable trial data

Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis (AIS) can change the respiratory dynamics and performance of the inspiratory and expiratory muscles, affecting ventilatory capacity. This was a randomized, controlled, open study to test the impact of a physiotherapeutic program of aerobic exercises on respiratory muscle strength, in patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Patients with AIS were randomly assigned to the aerobic exercise-training program group or the no treatment group. There was a significant increase in Pimax and Pemax in the group which received physiotherapy.

Pediatric Movement Disorders - Anatomy and Physiology at Movement Disorder Virtual University

Hypertonia Information Page at National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NINDS - What is hypertonia - Treatment - Prognosis - Research - Clinical Trials and Organizations

Cerebrospinal Fluid: CSF - Definition at MedicineNet.com

Challenges of Spastic Hypertonia at Spinal Cord Injury Information Network

National Library of Medicine - National Institute of Health - PubMed Article Abstract: Floppy infant syndrome - Review - On long-term follow up, cerebral palsy and mental retardation turn out to be the 2 most common causes of FIS. This review focuses on neuromuscular causes of FIS. With the advent of molecular diagnosis, a few conditions can be diagnosed by DNA analysis of the peripheral lymphocytes (myotonic dystrophy, spinal muscular atrophy); however, for the most part, electrodiagnostic studies and muscle biopsy remain as essential diagnostic tools for FIS.

Scoliosis Association, Inc - An International Support and Information Organization - A non-profit, volunteer non-medical organization. Since 1974, we have been helping those with scoliosis by providing information and having support groups and information lines. We have a variety of ways by which you can get in contact with us as shown throughout our website. Additionally, you may have a support group or information hotline in your area. Please go to our support page to find the list of support groups or information lines. There are 54 active chapters (support groups) at this time.

PubMed Abstract: Study - Although the frequent occurrence of Scoliosis in patients who have Spastic Cerebral Palsy is well known and surgical treatment has often been recommended for these patients, little is known about the natural history of scoliosis in this population. This study objection was to clarify the natural history of scoliosis from childhood through to adulthood and provide objective data on proper surgical indications for such patients.

National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Disease NIAMS - The mission of the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases is to support research into the causes, treatment, and prevention of arthritis and musculoskeletal and skin diseases; the training of basic and clinical scientists to carry out this research; and the dissemination of information on research progress in these diseases.

Questions and Answers about Scoliosis in Children and Adolescents at the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Disease NIAMS - A Department of the National Institutes of Health and Department of Halth and Human services - What is scoliosis - What causes scoliosis - Diagnosis - Treatment Information and more

Definition of Idiopathic Scoliosis in Children and adolescents at the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons AAOS - Causes - Diagnosis - Surgical and Non-surgical treatment information

NIAMS - National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Disease - Scoliosis - What is Scoliosis - Fast Facts: An Easy to Read Series of Publications for the Public

CRANIAL SACRAL THERAPY (CST) is a potent tool using the functions of the Cranial Sacral system. It is an effective form of bodywork and of Neuromuscular Therapy which uses gentle movements to unlock tension and relieve pain. There are no rapid adjustments, painful contortions, or deep muscle probing.

Dedicated to conquering more then 40 neuromuscular diseases that affect a million Americans. Nonprofit health agency dedicated to curing muscular dystrophy, ALS and related diseases by funding worldwide research. Provides comprehensive health care and support services, advocacy and education

Neuromuscular Disease Center, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri. Searchable database of neuromuscular diseases

Safe and reliable lifejackets designed for people of all ages with reduced mobility."First developed in rehabilitation centers to meet the needs of individuals experiencing loss of autonomy through Paraplegia, Quadriplegia, Spinal Cord Injuries, Cerebral Palsy, Spina Bifida, Epilepsy. PFD-A's and Lj-A's were designed to meet the needs of people having lost the control of their movements or survival reflexes.

Multi-center study to assess two groups of males and females over the course of their operative treatment for cerebral palsy (CP) scoliosis and the years following that treatment.

FES is a form of treatment with a device to aid movement in people who have had damage to their brain or spinal cord. Small electrical impulses are used to excite and stimulate the nerves that supply paralyzed muscles. This research will look at any additional benefit that may occur when Botox injections are combined with specific occupational therapy exercises and with a device that uses functional electrical stimulation (FES) to help improve muscle function

Reseach Mission is to advance neuromuscular functional assessment using objective measurements of muscle tone, strength, and gait. Goal: To apply innovative techniques to facilitate improved treatment strategies and research evaluation.Our work includes measurement of neuromuscular and musculoskeletal function and dysfunction, with emphasis on quantification of the interrelationships of muscle tone, strength, and gait related to medical diagnosis such as: *Cerebral Palsy*Parkinson's Disease*Spinal Cord Injury *Primary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis*Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus*Obesity*Normal aging *Stroke*Transverse Myelitis*Traumatic Brain Injury