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"Real Time Captioning for Employment and Work Settings (Captioning and CART) Prepared by the CCAC (Collaborative for Communication Access via Captioning, a voluntary grass-roots advocacy and education network, see www.ccacaptioning.org) October 2011 Thirty six million Americans today are deaf, deafened, or have a hearing loss, roughly one person in every ten (a conservative estimate). For communication access that allows them to participate and contribute their skills and expertise throughout the lifespan, quality inclusion of captioning is essential for many. Accessible communication technologies have advanced in recent years, especially services and systems providing speech-to-text translation. This is a brief overview of captioning considerations for employers and employees on captioning inclusion, benefiting not only all with hearing needs, but many others with language differences. (...)"

"Open captioning is visible to all and cannot be turned off. Closed is when you or someone else must find the control and turns it on, be it for videos online, movies/cinema, theater, other media.. Problems with closed captions (compared to open captioning For all) include the following: a. It's often very difficult to find how to turn on the cc - systems vary so much online. b. Millions do not know it's there at all. c. We have a huge issue of communication access for all across the country (and globally). We suggest continuing education and advocacy for inclusion of much more captioning universally (e.g. on all videos online). d. An argument for closed captioning reminds us of the folks who complain loudly (we are told) in the cinema when captioning is showing - we say, get used to it. Focus on the communication that works for you - speech, text, whatever. e. Use the language you need and prefer; it's nice to have a choice, so many do not have any choice - they have no cc at all for much online. --"

Re a and b: on YouTube, closed captioning autostarts with the video. In platforms for making closed captions and subtitles - DotSUB, UniversalSubtitles, Overstream - the player very clearly announces the closed captions / subtitles in other languages. Re e.: isn't there even less open captioning online. And from a volunteer captioner's view point, it's way easier to produce closed captioning than open captioning (Claude)

"See this also: http://www.ada.gov/hospcombr.htm from the ADA, it's the law. Communicating with your physician or any healthcare provider is always vital, and sometimes also a matter of life and death. Could there be a better reason for full verbatim real time text (CART) for those who require it? Even if it's a "routine" check-up, one "usual" follow-up visit, a first meeting with a new provider, a conference to help care for a loved one, an emergency room visit, or a health education video handed to you for cancer treatment, CART or captions will serve thousands if not millions. Why? 37 million is the current estimate of people with deafness or hearing loss in the USA alone. Not all need CART. Some use hearing aids or other listening devices for full speech comprehension. (Keep in mind many hearing aids wind up in drawers, never to be seen again, because hearing aids do not cure hearing loss, and are uncomfortable for many; the result is that some deny any hearing loss and learn to "bluff" extremely well). CART is a universally appropriate language (in whatever language you use) for all who can read. It is used by people who are deaf also (though some prefer sign language). CART provides an easy record (transcript) of what is said for best health and for proper treatments. While talking with your provider, while you or the nation is paying for the best healthcare one hopes to find, it's essential not to miss a word."

"FROM THE CCAC AND YOU: DEAR EDUCATION LEADERS, PARENTS, STUDENTS AND SCHOOL SYSTEMS, Equal Communication Access includes Captioning and CART in Education: One Good Example? Include CART at Graduation this year! Why plan for inclusion of quality captioning now? Let us count some of the good reasons. CART and captioning is needed for: 1 Learning to read 2 To learn languages 3 For transcripts and record-keeping 4 For "search" and knowledge-building online 5 For "equal communication access" for millions of students of all ages with different hearing loss and deafness. Captioning is our "ramp" for equal access Too many educational materials today, e.g. videos of all sorts, do not have full verbatim captioning. Too many school events do not plan for CART (full quality real time speech-to-text provided by a professional on site, or remotely). Too many students and teachers have insufficient knowledge about this need and choice --to understand the benefits of captioning inclusion."

"CART is an acronym that stands for Communication Access Realtime Translation. It is a speech-to-text interpreting service for anyone who needs communication access. CART benefits people who are late-deafened, hard of hearing, culturally Deaf, who have cochlear implants, and those learning English as a second language. CART is also referred to as realtime captioning. (...) "