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"Open captioning is visible to all and cannot be turned off. Closed is when you or someone else must find the control and turns it on, be it for videos online, movies/cinema, theater, other media.. Problems with closed captions (compared to open captioning For all) include the following: a. It's often very difficult to find how to turn on the cc - systems vary so much online. b. Millions do not know it's there at all. c. We have a huge issue of communication access for all across the country (and globally). We suggest continuing education and advocacy for inclusion of much more captioning universally (e.g. on all videos online). d. An argument for closed captioning reminds us of the folks who complain loudly (we are told) in the cinema when captioning is showing - we say, get used to it. Focus on the communication that works for you - speech, text, whatever. e. Use the language you need and prefer; it's nice to have a choice, so many do not have any choice - they have no cc at all for much online. --"

Re a and b: on YouTube, closed captioning autostarts with the video. In platforms for making closed captions and subtitles - DotSUB, UniversalSubtitles, Overstream - the player very clearly announces the closed captions / subtitles in other languages. Re e.: isn't there even less open captioning online. And from a volunteer captioner's view point, it's way easier to produce closed captioning than open captioning (Claude)

"There are several free or low-cost tools, software, and online, to help anyone who wants to caption their videos and make them accessible to millions around the world. (...)"

"BROADCAST CLOSED CAPTIONING Closed captioning can be extremely helpful in at least three different situations: It has been a great boon to hearing-impaired television viewers. It can also be helpful in noisy environments. For example, a TV in a noisy airport terminal can display closed captioning and still be usable Some people use captions to learn English or learn to read. For one good video on this, see: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OROk7fkY-OE&cc_load_policy=1 Closed captioning is embedded in the television signal and becomes visible when you use a special decoder, either as a separate appliance or built into a television set. The decoder lets viewers see captions, usually at the bottom of the screen, that will tell them what is being said or heard on their favorite TV shows. Since 1993, television sets with screens of 13 inches or more that are sold in the United States must have built-in decoders, under the Television Decoder Circuitry Act. Set-top decoders are available, too, for older TV sets. (...)"

"US OPEN TENNIS - SEPTEMBER 2011 - FIRST TIME INCLUSION OF CAPTIONING (...) Closed-captioning is required for television programming in the United States. If a sporting event is shown in a noisy bar, gym or other public venue, oftentimes the audio is muted, and all patrons, even the hearing patrons, benefit from the closed-captioning. In a stadium or arena, once again, all patrons can benefit from open captioning displayed on the ribbon board or giant video boards. The acoustics in some stadiums make it difficult to understand the announcements. This is particularly important if there is an emergency. With the Baby Boomers reaching retirement age, the hard-of-hearing population is increasing. Many people with age-related hearing loss do not consider themselves hard-of-hearing and are not aware of services offered. If captioning were available everywhere for everyone, nobody would ever be left out of the conversation again! Prepared for the CCAC by: Jennifer M. Bonfilio, RMR-CBC-CCP | President of Operations | Coast 2 Coast Captioning"

"When you combine the audience-building power of captioning and the interactive aspects of links, it's easy to see how an investment in these additional services will set your programs apart from others. In closing, please keep in mind that our main goal is to make you feel comfortable and confident in our captioning services. When comparing VITAC's rates, services and quality to other vendors, please be sure that you're comparing apples to apples. We are confident that nobody in the industry can match the quality and experience of VITAC's work. You invest thousands of dollars into the highest production values for your shows so why settle for anything but the best in captioning to compliment your programs? "

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