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Mass Balance projects Mass Balance Study into thermal methods of waste treatment Organisation C-Tech Environmental Group Project Aim The aim of the project is to critically evaluate a range of techniques from published data on gasification, pyrolysis, plasma gasification, microwave pyrolysis, hydrolysis and encapsulation, to provide a reference document for the waste management industry, government and other stakeholders. Project Report 1826-00237.pdfThermal Methods of Municipal Waste Treatment Return to list

"he Digest investigates.   In science, there exists the difficulty in developing a new energy crop -  improving yields and stress tolerance, identifying the right geographies for deployment, developing and sharing the agricultural practices and training, and so on.  A number of new energy crops and residues have been brought along by companies such as Agrisoma, SGB, Yulex, Ceres, Chromatin, NexSteppe and more, despite the odds. But there also has been the difficulty in developing an economic model for deployment, that proves more attractive and safe than the "here's your seed, get going" approach that has proven uninspiring to local growers. So, along comes Bosques Energeticos.  In fact, that's what the Bosques multi-year, multi-crop strategy is all about. In their model, growers plant castor as a lower-value, but relatively instantaneous oilseed cash crop - at the same time as jatropha is planted for the mid-term, and pongamia is planted for the long-term. In today's Digest we look at: What's different about Bosques - Legendary's interest - Pon-What? - Following the agronomy - improving yields and speed, margins and yields - the models, the next steps and The Bottom Line - at biofuelsdigest.com.      REG- Developing next-generation biofuels - investing in technology VecoPlan - shredding, conveying, screening, separating, storing The Latest in Brief   Turkey blocks US DDGS due to GMOs In Turkey, the country is effectively no longer accepting imports of U.S. corn coproducts following the stepped-up enforcement of existing biosafety laws that restrict which genetically modified (GM) corn varieties may enter the country's grain supply. As of Dec. 8, three shipments of U.S. distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) have been rejected following the detection of unapproved GM events, and for the same reason at least one other vessel of U.S. DDGS has been diverted from Turkey to another buyer while on the water.   Maine towns take first step in developi

Economical CO2, SOx, and NOx capture from fossil-fuel utilization with combined renewable hydrogen production and large-scale carbon sequestration Danny Daya, Corresponding Author Contact Information, E-mail The Corresponding Author, Robert J. Evansb, James W. Leec and Don Reicoskyd aEprida, Inc., 6300 Powers Ferry Road, Suite 307, Atlanta, GA 30339, USA bNational Renewable Energy Laboratory, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401, USA cOak Ridge National Laboratory, 4500N, A16, MS-6194, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA dUSDA-Agricultural Research Service, 803 Iowa Avenue, Morris, MN 56267, USA Available online 17 November 2004. Purchase the full-text article References and further reading may be available for this article. To view references and further reading you must purchase this article. Abstract The objective of this project was to investigate and demonstrate production methods at a continuous, bench-scale level and generate sufficient material for an initial evaluation of a potentially profitable method of producing bioenergy and sequestering carbon. The novel process uses agricultural, forestry, and waste biomass to produce hydrogen using pyrolysis and reforming technologies conducted in a 50 kg/h pilot demonstration. The test runs produced a novel, nitrogen-enriched, slow-release, carbon-sequestering fertilizer. Seven kilograms of the material were produced for further plant growth response testing. A pyrolysis temperature profile was discovered that results in a carbon char with an affinity for capturing CO2 through gas phase reaction with mixed nitrogen-carrying nutrient compounds within the pore structures of the carbon char. A bench-scale project demonstrated a continuous process fluidized-bed agglomerating process. The total amount of CO2 sequestration was managed by controlling particle discharge rates based on density. The patent-pending process is particularly applicable to fossil-fuel power plants as it also removes SOx and NOx, does not require ene

"ile solar PV based captive power generation is in its infancy, there are specific market segments which have clean pain points that could be addressed well by solar PV. As a result, these segments are likely to have a much higher adoption of solar PV for captive power generation Solar PV is most cost competitive as a replacement for diesel-based power production. India has about 7,000 MW of diesel based power production in MW scales alone, with hundreds of thousands of diesel gensets used in diverse commercial locations from over 2,50,000 mobile telecom towers to over 5 million diesel based agricultural pump sets, and with tens of thousands of companies and industries using it for power generation from small kW to hundreds of kWs Grid-tied solar PV systems are the most common systems used in captive power production in India. The use of diesel solar hybrids is growing; however, the growth in use of wind-solar hybrid systems has much slower than expected, owing primarily to performance issues with micro wind turbines It costs about Rs. 80,000-1,00,000 per kW for setting up a captive solar PV system without battery storage and about 30-50% more for a system with batteries depending on the hours of autonomy There are a number of established companies that can take up turnkey implementation of captive solar PV systems; in addition, there are dozens of small players operating in this market, with this number expected to increase dramatically in the near future The National Solar Mission has a special section of incentives for offgrid solar power production, with incentives in the form of capital subsidies. In addition, captive solar power plants can also avail accelerated depreciation benefits Set as a replacement for diesel power generation, captive solar PV power plants provide attractive equity IRRs and equity payback periods, under typical financing patterns Until now, the most preferred route for captive solar PV has been the corporate financing route. Howev

"ile solar PV based captive power generation is in its infancy, there are specific market segments which have clean pain points that could be addressed well by solar PV. As a result, these segments are likely to have a much higher adoption of solar PV for captive power generation Solar PV is most cost competitive as a replacement for diesel-based power production. India has about 7,000 MW of diesel based power production in MW scales alone, with hundreds of thousands of diesel gensets used in diverse commercial locations from over 2,50,000 mobile telecom towers to over 5 million diesel based agricultural pump sets, and with tens of thousands of companies and industries using it for power generation from small kW to hundreds of kWs Grid-tied solar PV systems are the most common systems used in captive power production in India. The use of diesel solar hybrids is growing; however, the growth in use of wind-solar hybrid systems has much slower than expected, owing primarily to performance issues with micro wind turbines It costs about Rs. 80,000-1,00,000 per kW for setting up a captive solar PV system without battery storage and about 30-50% more for a system with batteries depending on the hours of autonomy There are a number of established companies that can take up turnkey implementation of captive solar PV systems; in addition, there are dozens of small players operating in this market, with this number expected to increase dramatically in the near future The National Solar Mission has a special section of incentives for offgrid solar power production, with incentives in the form of capital subsidies. In addition, captive solar power plants can also avail accelerated depreciation benefits Set as a replacement for diesel power generation, captive solar PV power plants provide attractive equity IRRs and equity payback periods, under typical financing patterns Until now, the most preferred route for captive solar PV has been the corporate financing route. Howev

arbon Dioxide Removal Print Page Fossil fuels are the primary sources of carbon dioxide emissions to the atmosphere. Much of the anticipated worldwide effort to reduce carbon dioxide emissions will focus on large point sources such as power plants and petroleum refineries. To contribute to this effort, RTI is actively engaged in a research and development project to develop a new process for removing carbon dioxide from industrial gas streams. RTI's process uses a solid, regenerable, sodium-based adsorbent to remove carbon dioxide from flue gases that fuel power plants. The regeneration of this sorbent produces a gas stream containing only carbon dioxide and water. Condensation separates the water out, leaving a pure carbon dioxide stream that can be used or sequestered. One of the relevant reactions based upon the use of sodium bicarbonate as the sorbent precursor is as follows: 2NaHCO3(s) Na2CO3(s) + CO2(g) + H2O(g) RTI has developed a 2-reactor system for removing the carbon dioxide. Both the adsorption of carbon dioxide and regeneration of the sorbent take place at low temperature (under 150°C). Laboratory experiments at RTI have demonstrated multiple cycles of the adsorption and regeneration phases. In addition, we have developed process information on * Effect of operating conditions * Effect of other feed stream components * Reaction kinetics * Heat and material balances from proc

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process economics