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"ile solar PV based captive power generation is in its infancy, there are specific market segments which have clean pain points that could be addressed well by solar PV. As a result, these segments are likely to have a much higher adoption of solar PV for captive power generation Solar PV is most cost competitive as a replacement for diesel-based power production. India has about 7,000 MW of diesel based power production in MW scales alone, with hundreds of thousands of diesel gensets used in diverse commercial locations from over 2,50,000 mobile telecom towers to over 5 million diesel based agricultural pump sets, and with tens of thousands of companies and industries using it for power generation from small kW to hundreds of kWs Grid-tied solar PV systems are the most common systems used in captive power production in India. The use of diesel solar hybrids is growing; however, the growth in use of wind-solar hybrid systems has much slower than expected, owing primarily to performance issues with micro wind turbines It costs about Rs. 80,000-1,00,000 per kW for setting up a captive solar PV system without battery storage and about 30-50% more for a system with batteries depending on the hours of autonomy There are a number of established companies that can take up turnkey implementation of captive solar PV systems; in addition, there are dozens of small players operating in this market, with this number expected to increase dramatically in the near future The National Solar Mission has a special section of incentives for offgrid solar power production, with incentives in the form of capital subsidies. In addition, captive solar power plants can also avail accelerated depreciation benefits Set as a replacement for diesel power generation, captive solar PV power plants provide attractive equity IRRs and equity payback periods, under typical financing patterns Until now, the most preferred route for captive solar PV has been the corporate financing route. Howev

"ile solar PV based captive power generation is in its infancy, there are specific market segments which have clean pain points that could be addressed well by solar PV. As a result, these segments are likely to have a much higher adoption of solar PV for captive power generation Solar PV is most cost competitive as a replacement for diesel-based power production. India has about 7,000 MW of diesel based power production in MW scales alone, with hundreds of thousands of diesel gensets used in diverse commercial locations from over 2,50,000 mobile telecom towers to over 5 million diesel based agricultural pump sets, and with tens of thousands of companies and industries using it for power generation from small kW to hundreds of kWs Grid-tied solar PV systems are the most common systems used in captive power production in India. The use of diesel solar hybrids is growing; however, the growth in use of wind-solar hybrid systems has much slower than expected, owing primarily to performance issues with micro wind turbines It costs about Rs. 80,000-1,00,000 per kW for setting up a captive solar PV system without battery storage and about 30-50% more for a system with batteries depending on the hours of autonomy There are a number of established companies that can take up turnkey implementation of captive solar PV systems; in addition, there are dozens of small players operating in this market, with this number expected to increase dramatically in the near future The National Solar Mission has a special section of incentives for offgrid solar power production, with incentives in the form of capital subsidies. In addition, captive solar power plants can also avail accelerated depreciation benefits Set as a replacement for diesel power generation, captive solar PV power plants provide attractive equity IRRs and equity payback periods, under typical financing patterns Until now, the most preferred route for captive solar PV has been the corporate financing route. Howev

* Rotary Rig Counts * Renewable Energy o Biofuels o Geothermal o Hydroelectric o Ocean, Tidal & Wave o Solar o Wind * Non-Renewable Energy o Coal o Nuclear o Oil & Natural Gas o Oil & Tar Sands o Oil Shale Researchers Develop Two-Stage Process For Optimal Biohydrogen Production Thursday, 17 July 2008 00:13:00 CDT Alternative-Energy-News.INFO - BioFuel News Researchers have combined the efforts of two kinds of bacteria to produce hydrogen in a bioreactor, with the product from one providing food for the other. According to an article [*.pdf] in the August issue of Microbiology Today , this technology has an added bonus: leftover enzymes can be used to scavenge precious metals from spent automotive catalysts to help make fuel cells that convert hydrogen into energy. Hydrogen has three times more potential energy by weight than petrol, making it the highest energy-content fuel available. Research into using bacteria to produce hydrogen from waste biomass has been revived thanks to the rising profile of energy issues. According to the researchers, the UK throws away a third of its food, wasting 7 million tonnes a year. The majority of this is currently sent to landfill where it produces gases like methane, which is a greenhouse gas 25 times more potent than carbon dioxide. Following some major advances in the technology used to make biohydrogen, this waste can now be turned into valuable energy. Two-stage process There are special and yet prevalent circumstances under which micro-organisms have no better way of gaining energy than to release hydrogen into their environment. Microbes such as heterotrophs, cyanobacteria, microalgae and purple bacteria all produce biohydrogen in different ways, says Dr Mark Redwood from the University of Birmingham. When there is no oxygen, fermentative bacteria use carbohydrates like sugar to produce hydrogen and

arbon Dioxide Removal Print Page Fossil fuels are the primary sources of carbon dioxide emissions to the atmosphere. Much of the anticipated worldwide effort to reduce carbon dioxide emissions will focus on large point sources such as power plants and petroleum refineries. To contribute to this effort, RTI is actively engaged in a research and development project to develop a new process for removing carbon dioxide from industrial gas streams. RTI's process uses a solid, regenerable, sodium-based adsorbent to remove carbon dioxide from flue gases that fuel power plants. The regeneration of this sorbent produces a gas stream containing only carbon dioxide and water. Condensation separates the water out, leaving a pure carbon dioxide stream that can be used or sequestered. One of the relevant reactions based upon the use of sodium bicarbonate as the sorbent precursor is as follows: 2NaHCO3(s) Na2CO3(s) + CO2(g) + H2O(g) RTI has developed a 2-reactor system for removing the carbon dioxide. Both the adsorption of carbon dioxide and regeneration of the sorbent take place at low temperature (under 150°C). Laboratory experiments at RTI have demonstrated multiple cycles of the adsorption and regeneration phases. In addition, we have developed process information on * Effect of operating conditions * Effect of other feed stream components * Reaction kinetics * Heat and material balances from proc

Economical CO2, SOx, and NOx capture from fossil-fuel utilization with combined renewable hydrogen production and large-scale carbon sequestration Danny Daya, Corresponding Author Contact Information, E-mail The Corresponding Author, Robert J. Evansb, James W. Leec and Don Reicoskyd aEprida, Inc., 6300 Powers Ferry Road, Suite 307, Atlanta, GA 30339, USA bNational Renewable Energy Laboratory, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401, USA cOak Ridge National Laboratory, 4500N, A16, MS-6194, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA dUSDA-Agricultural Research Service, 803 Iowa Avenue, Morris, MN 56267, USA Available online 17 November 2004. Purchase the full-text article References and further reading may be available for this article. To view references and further reading you must purchase this article. Abstract The objective of this project was to investigate and demonstrate production methods at a continuous, bench-scale level and generate sufficient material for an initial evaluation of a potentially profitable method of producing bioenergy and sequestering carbon. The novel process uses agricultural, forestry, and waste biomass to produce hydrogen using pyrolysis and reforming technologies conducted in a 50 kg/h pilot demonstration. The test runs produced a novel, nitrogen-enriched, slow-release, carbon-sequestering fertilizer. Seven kilograms of the material were produced for further plant growth response testing. A pyrolysis temperature profile was discovered that results in a carbon char with an affinity for capturing CO2 through gas phase reaction with mixed nitrogen-carrying nutrient compounds within the pore structures of the carbon char. A bench-scale project demonstrated a continuous process fluidized-bed agglomerating process. The total amount of CO2 sequestration was managed by controlling particle discharge rates based on density. The patent-pending process is particularly applicable to fossil-fuel power plants as it also removes SOx and NOx, does not require ene

About 100 million pigs, 35 million cattle, 1.6 billion turkeys and 8 billion chickens are slaughtered and processed each year in the United States. The USDA requires facilities that process these meats to use large volumes of clean water to continuously rinse the meats as they are cut and packaged. These large volumes of water contain extremely high levels of protein and fat that are later removed by using conventional but highly efficient wastewater processing methods. The result of these processes is a cleansed wastewater and a co

Power generation by biomass fuels gasification and its comprehensive utilization is a rising industry. Our company specially recruit Mr. Guo Dezhang, expert and patent owner in this field, to research and design newly type complete set of equipment of biomass gasification power generation in order to reduce the fuel cost for the users and improve the efficiency of energy exchange. According to users needs, safe and reliable computerized controlling system can be designed. For the ash residue of the burned materials, it can be used to produce white carbon black, activated carbon and machine carbon, which can make comprehensive use of recycling energy and helpful to harmonious development of human being and nature.

"he Digest investigates.   In science, there exists the difficulty in developing a new energy crop -  improving yields and stress tolerance, identifying the right geographies for deployment, developing and sharing the agricultural practices and training, and so on.  A number of new energy crops and residues have been brought along by companies such as Agrisoma, SGB, Yulex, Ceres, Chromatin, NexSteppe and more, despite the odds. But there also has been the difficulty in developing an economic model for deployment, that proves more attractive and safe than the "here's your seed, get going" approach that has proven uninspiring to local growers. So, along comes Bosques Energeticos.  In fact, that's what the Bosques multi-year, multi-crop strategy is all about. In their model, growers plant castor as a lower-value, but relatively instantaneous oilseed cash crop - at the same time as jatropha is planted for the mid-term, and pongamia is planted for the long-term. In today's Digest we look at: What's different about Bosques - Legendary's interest - Pon-What? - Following the agronomy - improving yields and speed, margins and yields - the models, the next steps and The Bottom Line - at biofuelsdigest.com.      REG- Developing next-generation biofuels - investing in technology VecoPlan - shredding, conveying, screening, separating, storing The Latest in Brief   Turkey blocks US DDGS due to GMOs In Turkey, the country is effectively no longer accepting imports of U.S. corn coproducts following the stepped-up enforcement of existing biosafety laws that restrict which genetically modified (GM) corn varieties may enter the country's grain supply. As of Dec. 8, three shipments of U.S. distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) have been rejected following the detection of unapproved GM events, and for the same reason at least one other vessel of U.S. DDGS has been diverted from Turkey to another buyer while on the water.   Maine towns take first step in developi

thailandia , brazil , wood gas

hydrogen

CO-shift The processes described above produce gas with a high content of carbon monoxide - CO. It is therefore necessary to put the gas through the CO-shift process to increase the content of hydrogen. The shift reaction (see sidebar) is a two-step process to achieve the most complete reaction between CO and steam. Initially steam is added in a high-temperature step (300-500ºC), followed by a a low-temperature step (200ºC), with different catalysts in the two steps. Separation of CO2 Each of the processes described above produces CO2 in addition to H2. To separate hydrogen and CO2, it is common to use amine based absorption processes. This is conventional technology. Methods based on selective membranes or sorbents are under development.

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Biohydrogen (gasification) Besides production of biohydrogen from biogas, it can also be produced through gasification of biomass, similar to the production of bio-SNG, which was discussed above. A gasification method has to be used that produces a gas w

The pyrolysis of biomass is a thermal treatment that results in the production of charcoal, liquid, and gaseous products. Among the liquid products, methanol is one of the most valuable products. Methanol can be used as one possible gasoline replacement for conventional gasoline and diesel fuel. Methanol can be produced by pyrolysis of biomass. Methanol mainly arises from methoxyl groups of uronic acid and from the breakdown of methyl esters and/or ethers from decomposition of pectin-like plant materials. The maximum methanol yields (12.19% at 825 K) for hazelnut shell was obtained from a Na2CO3 (30% of dried sample) catalytic flash pyrolysis run. The yields of liquid products from the samples increased with an increasing of the amount of Na2CO3 from 10% to 30%. The maximum liquid yield from yellow pine was 51.2% at 875 K. The yields of liquid products from the samples depended on the amount of K2CO3 and the temperature. The maximum liquid yield from yellow pine was 49.5% from a 30% K2CO3 catalytic run at 875 K. The catalytic effect of Na2CO3 was slightly higher than that of K2CO3 for hazelnut shell, tea waste, and yellow pine samples.

Calcined dolomite is a good catalyst in terms of its activity for gasification of residue derived from biomass hydrolysis for hydrogen production, whereas its fragility can cause trouble during operation. A novel modification method aimed at improving the strength of the calcined dolomite has been presented using magnesium nitrate as the modifier, which was introduced into the dolomite via a co-precipitation process. The strength of the modified dolomite can be up to 250 times as high as the unmodified one and can cause much less bed pressure drop and catalyst loss, though the activity is slightly lowered after modification. Keywords: calcined dolomite modification; catalytic gasification; hydrogen production; biomass hydrolysis; bioenergy; magnesium nitr

PDF] A Hybrid Gas Cleaning Process for Production of Ultraclean Syngas Formato do arquivo: PDF/Adobe Acrobat - Ver em HTML However, because activated carbon and molecular sieve. absorbents must be used at ambient .... desirable for our proposed syngas cleaning process. ... www.osti.gov/energycitations/servlets/purl/837307-eWgBqG/native/837307.pdf - Páginas Semelhantes

An improved process is provided for the removal of sulfur oxides from gas or vapor media containing oxygen and water by contacting said media with a catalytically-active carbonaceous char. The improvement is provided by the use of a catalytically-active carbonaceous char prepared by low-temperature carbonization and oxidation of a bituminous coal or bituminous coal-like material followed by exposure to a nitrogen-containing compound during the initial high-temperature exposure of the low-temperature oxidized char. Following this initial high-temperature treatment the material can be further calcined or activated as desired.