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process economics

Economical CO2, SOx, and NOx capture from fossil-fuel utilization with combined renewable hydrogen production and large-scale carbon sequestration Danny Daya, Corresponding Author Contact Information, E-mail The Corresponding Author, Robert J. Evansb, James W. Leec and Don Reicoskyd aEprida, Inc., 6300 Powers Ferry Road, Suite 307, Atlanta, GA 30339, USA bNational Renewable Energy Laboratory, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401, USA cOak Ridge National Laboratory, 4500N, A16, MS-6194, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA dUSDA-Agricultural Research Service, 803 Iowa Avenue, Morris, MN 56267, USA Available online 17 November 2004. Purchase the full-text article References and further reading may be available for this article. To view references and further reading you must purchase this article. Abstract The objective of this project was to investigate and demonstrate production methods at a continuous, bench-scale level and generate sufficient material for an initial evaluation of a potentially profitable method of producing bioenergy and sequestering carbon. The novel process uses agricultural, forestry, and waste biomass to produce hydrogen using pyrolysis and reforming technologies conducted in a 50 kg/h pilot demonstration. The test runs produced a novel, nitrogen-enriched, slow-release, carbon-sequestering fertilizer. Seven kilograms of the material were produced for further plant growth response testing. A pyrolysis temperature profile was discovered that results in a carbon char with an affinity for capturing CO2 through gas phase reaction with mixed nitrogen-carrying nutrient compounds within the pore structures of the carbon char. A bench-scale project demonstrated a continuous process fluidized-bed agglomerating process. The total amount of CO2 sequestration was managed by controlling particle discharge rates based on density. The patent-pending process is particularly applicable to fossil-fuel power plants as it also removes SOx and NOx, does not require ene

"he Digest investigates.   In science, there exists the difficulty in developing a new energy crop -  improving yields and stress tolerance, identifying the right geographies for deployment, developing and sharing the agricultural practices and training, and so on.  A number of new energy crops and residues have been brought along by companies such as Agrisoma, SGB, Yulex, Ceres, Chromatin, NexSteppe and more, despite the odds. But there also has been the difficulty in developing an economic model for deployment, that proves more attractive and safe than the "here's your seed, get going" approach that has proven uninspiring to local growers. So, along comes Bosques Energeticos.  In fact, that's what the Bosques multi-year, multi-crop strategy is all about. In their model, growers plant castor as a lower-value, but relatively instantaneous oilseed cash crop - at the same time as jatropha is planted for the mid-term, and pongamia is planted for the long-term. In today's Digest we look at: What's different about Bosques - Legendary's interest - Pon-What? - Following the agronomy - improving yields and speed, margins and yields - the models, the next steps and The Bottom Line - at biofuelsdigest.com.      REG- Developing next-generation biofuels - investing in technology VecoPlan - shredding, conveying, screening, separating, storing The Latest in Brief   Turkey blocks US DDGS due to GMOs In Turkey, the country is effectively no longer accepting imports of U.S. corn coproducts following the stepped-up enforcement of existing biosafety laws that restrict which genetically modified (GM) corn varieties may enter the country's grain supply. As of Dec. 8, three shipments of U.S. distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) have been rejected following the detection of unapproved GM events, and for the same reason at least one other vessel of U.S. DDGS has been diverted from Turkey to another buyer while on the water.   Maine towns take first step in developi