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This source discusses the role of parenthood (both father and mother) in the novel. It mentions the fact that Frankenstein does not view his monster as a son, or even friend; instead regards him as an IT, a soulless, emotionless being, leading to feelings of isolation and alienation in the monster. This results in the rage and hatred, and possible insanity that the monster undergoes.

This source shows that irony that Shelley creates in which no one truly knows who the monster is. Through the behavior of Victor, he leads the reader to question wether or not he is the monster. This also shows the isolation of his life.

This source references to the comparison between Victor and the monster. Thus the two are doppelgangers while they are also each others foils. They cannot survive without being near each other, and while they share many traits, one has the traits that the other lacks.

"We may visualise Frankenstein's doppelgänger or Monster firstly as representing reason in isolation, since he is the creature of an obsessional rational effort"

This source provides a detailed look at the monster and his role as a doppelganger to Frankenstein. It explains the monsters role, and how it evolves through the story.

This source discusses the theme of responsiility in the novel as Victor is responsibile for the monster life. It also talks about the theme of chaos vs order as the creation of a new life form disturbs the order of the world. Thus Victor must make order out of the choatic world and accpet the responsibillity of his actions

"Through flashbacks we learn that both Dick and Perry have been physically deformed in accidents. Dick was in a car accident in 1950. "It was as though his head had been halved like an apple, then put together a fraction off center … the left eye being truly serpentine, with a venomous, sickly-blue squint …" (Capote 43). Perry's injuries, acquired in a motorcycle accident in 1952, are more serious: "… his chunky, dwarfish legs, broken in five places and pitifully scarred, still pained him so severely that he had become an aspirin addict" (Capote 43)"

This source gives a thorough overview of the nonfiction novel. This part specifically focuses on the fact that both Perry and Dick sustained injuries through accidents. This makes them both seem more monster like.

There is ample evidence in the novel that the creature functions as the scientist's baser self. Frankenstein's epithets for him consistently connote evil: devil, fiend, daemon, horror, wretch, monster, monstrous image, vile insect, abhorred entity, detested form, hideous phantasm, odious companion, and demoniacal corpse. Neutral terms like creature and being are comparatively rare. Most important, there is Frankenstein's thinking of him as "my own vampire, my own spirit let loose from the grave, and forced to destroy all that was dear to me" (�7). And after each murder Frankenstein acknowledges his complicity: "I not in deed, but in effect, was the true murderer"