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This is part of "Child Psychology, A Contemporary Viewpoint" which discusses gender-role standards and stereotypes, gender differences in development, biological factors in gender differences, the influence of the family on gender typing, and extrafamilial influences on gender roles.

This website is covering child psychology and children's development related to gender. This page discusses gender roles, stereotypes, and differences. Also mentioned briefly is that there is no evidence of differed gender roles if boys and girls raised by gays and lesbians. Other influences on gender roles, including television and school is discussed. Also mentioned is the fact that most people, especially children are actually to various degrees both masculine and feminine, not completely one or the other.

According to the World Health Organization, "Sex refers to the biological and physiological characteristics that define men and women. Gender refers to the socially constructed roles, behaviors, activities, and attributes that a given society considers appropriate for men and women." Behavior is never either nature or nurture. It is always a very complex interweaving of both. Because behavior is always an interaction of nature and nurture, socialization can modify even significant sex differences.

This page provides a little of the back story of Allie Mae Burroughs, who became the subject of a depression era iconic portrait by Walker Evans.  The image was taken as a series of four, all very similar in pose, expression and tone.  This page explained briefly on their lives as depression era sharecroppers with no real opportunity to advance from this life of hard work and poverty.  Interestingly enough, Allie Mae is compared to the Mona Lisa, in their absence of expression and hiding of thought.

A report, released by the UN Office for the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) in Geneva, outlines "a pattern of human rights violations… that demands a response," and says governments have too often overlooked violence and discrimination based on sexual orientation and gender identity. Homophobic and transphobic violence has been recorded in every region of the world, the report finds, and ranges from murder, kidnappings, assaults and rapes to psychological threats and arbitrary deprivations of liberty. LGBT people are often targets of organized abuse from religious extremists, paramilitary groups, neo-Nazis, extreme nationalists and others, as well as family and community violence, with lesbians and transgender women at particular risk. "Violence against LGBT persons tends to be especially vicious compared to other bias-motivated crimes," the report notes, citing data indicating that homophobic hate crimes often include "a high degree of cruelty and brutality." Violent incidents or acts of discrimination frequently go unreported because victims do not trust police, are afraid of reprisals or are unwilling to identify themselves as LGBT. The report - prepared in response to a request from the UN Human Rights Council earlier this year - draws from information included in past UN reporting, official statistics on hate crimes where there are available, and reporting by regional organizations and some non-governmental organizations (NGOs). In the report, Navi Pillay, the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights, calls on countries to repeal laws that criminalize homosexuality, abolish the death penalty for offences involving consensual sexual relations, harmonize the age of consent for heterosexual and homosexual conduct, and enact comprehensive anti-discrimination laws. This site is useful in exploring the Donna Gottschalk image, because it not only embraces freedom of speech, and women inequalities but gender inequalities too. The photo t

This CNN.money site combines information from CNN plus Fortune and Money magazines. This article by David Whitford of Fortune magazine goes into some detail about the story behind the photograph we are studying this week. The woman in the photo (taken when she was only 27 years old) is identified as Allie Mae Burroughs. Her son, Charles Burroughs recalls what life was like for him and his family during the Depression years.

This is an article of the return to Hale County, Alabama to speak with the descendants of Walker Evans' famous depression era portraits.  In this interview with Charles Burroughs, the son of Allie Mae Burroughs, he describes vividly the backdrop to the famous portrait.  The tough life of the depression era is evident in the portrait of 27 year old Allie Mae who looks like hard work has aged her and her eyes well beyond 27 years.

The son of Allie Burroughs swore he would never do what he's doing right now (an interview)," says Charles Burroughs. Tall and broad with a bald pate and those familiar gray eyes. Blue shirt, khaki pants, aviator glasses. Thick, flat fingers, grit under the nails. He has come reluctantly to meet me after work at a Waffle House in Tuscaloosa. Still angry after all these years at how a writer and a photographer on assignment for this magazine moved into his house when he was just a boy, 4 years old (he remembers the day), and stayed for weeks, and while the family was working in the fields, snooped around in dresser drawers and under beds, and took notes, and took pictures, and shared what they had taken with all the world. James Agee and Walker Evans gave us a lasting image of the Depression; Charles Burroughs and his family got squat. This site lets you in to the confusion and heart ache of the children of Allie-Mae Burroughs, the psychological aftermath the children has endured in their working situations. It also expresses how Charles Burroughs parents worked and just never had a chance, in a mostly African American area, making some 5.50 and dropping to 5.15 and hour if late to work once, or ever have to leave before the line shuts down for the day, to support a family. It also touches on the editors from Fortune who sent Agee and Evans south wanted them to write about poor whites. That they found their subjects in Hale County was more than a little perverse. Most of the county's people, and an even higher percentage of the poor people, were and are African American. This site also gives incite into the black society in this era i.e. - one Yolanda Robinson, who worked in quality control for a seafood company, is a sharecropper's granddaughter and is black. She won prizes for elocution in high school, joined the Navy, married young, and was widowed in her 20s. On her second stint at the catfish plant, had hoped she'd never have to