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Autumn Martin

Understanding Genetics - 0 views

  • Genetic studies have shown that somewhere between 40-80% of our BMI is due to over a hundred different genes.
    • Autumn Martin
       
      So, genes actually effect BMI not nessacarily wieght.
  • some genes can affect how much joy eating a piece of chocolate brings you.
  • A faster metabolism means you can get away with eating more.
    • Autumn Martin
       
      I already know this.
  • ...6 more annotations...
  • . But remember, genes are not everything.
  • . And that somewhere else is our
  • The Tech Museum of Innovation Share Stanford at The Tech Museum Home About Genetics Ask a GeneticistCategories Submit a Question Video Gallery Online Exhibits Genetics in the News Books Sponsors When Will Broccoli Taste Like Chocolate Click here to order our latest book, When Will Broccoli Taste Like Chocolate? Error message Notice: Undefined index: und in __lambda_func() (line 2 of /srv/www/genetics.thetech.org/htdocs/sites/all/modules/views_php/plugins/views/views_php_handler_field.inc(202) : runtime-created function). Notice: Undefined index: und in __lambda_func() (line 2 of /srv/www/genetics.thetech.org/htdocs/sites/all/modules/views_php/plugins/views/views_php_handler_field.inc(202) : runtime-created function).
  • behavior
  • If 40-80% of BMI comes from genes, then 20-60% comes from somewhere else
  • possibly tell how much of someone's weight is due to genes? And how much is due to life style choices? One way scientists try to pick apart genetic and environmental causes is to study sets of identical twins. Identical twins have the same DNA but can be put in different environments. This lets scientists directly tell what is due to genetics and what is due to genes. For example, in one study of obesity, sets of identical twins were fed extra food and forced to behave similarly (same amount of exercise, eating, etc.). During the study both twins in an identical twin pair gained about the same weight. But there were huge differences in the amounts of weight gained between sets of twins. This kind of study tells us that the tendency to gain more or less weight is in our genes. But twin studies can also show that some aspects of weight have to do with behavior too. For instance, scientists looked at identical twin pairs that exercised different amounts. As expected, the twin that exercised more weighed less. This shows that weight is not just genetic and that behavior is not all genetic. The fact that the twins had different exercise patterns definitely suggests that what we weigh has a large environmental component. So how much we weigh has to do with both our genes and our behavior. Just because someone's parents are heavy that does not mean their children will be heavier too. But it might mean that they will have trouble keeping the weight off. Good exercise habits and eating healthy foods can help maintain a normal weight. The opposite is also true. Your genes can predispose you to be normal weight. But if you eat too much food and do not exercise enough to use up the extra energy, then you will gain weight and eventually become overweight. Weight is really just a product of energy taken in (food you eat) minus energy used (for exercise, for heating our bodies, for helping digest our food, etc). So to lose weight, all you have to do is use more energy than you eat. And to gain weight, you just have to eat more food than you use up. Sounds simple, right? But of course it isn't--partly because of genes. Our genes can affect the amount of weight lost from dieting and exercise. They can also affect how much weight is gained when we eat too much. Our genes make proteins that work together to control everything from how often we get hungry to how we use energy from food. They even control how much exercise we can do at a time. Because our genes tell our bodies how to handle the food we eat, it's often hard for us to achieve a certain target weight. But what we weigh isn't only due to our genes. Katie Cunningham More Information How identical twins can look different even with the same genes.Obesity genesAppetite genes Back to Conditions Search Ask a Geneticist His parents were probablyoverweight. But notnecessarily.Identical twin studies showthat our weight is partgenetic and part en
Katie Raborn

Schizophrenia - 0 views

  • no known single cause responsible for schizophrenia
    • Katie Raborn
       
      There isn't a cause for schizophrenia.
  • chemical imbalance in the brain is an inherited factor which is necessary for schizophrenia to develop.
  • -genetic, behavioral, and environmental--play a role in the development of this mental health condition.
    • Katie Raborn
       
      The disorder can be caused by behavioral, genetic, and environmental roles.
  • ...21 more annotations...
  • considered to be multifactorially inherited
  • Multifactorial inheritance means that "many factors"
  • where a combination of genes from both parents, in addition to unknown environmental factors, produce the trait or condition
  • factors are usually both genetic and environmental
  • Often, one gender (either males or females) is affected more frequently than the other in multifactorial traits
    • Katie Raborn
       
      one gender in the family is effect more than the other gender. Which means one gender is more likely to show the problem of having schizophrenia.
  • means that one gender is more likely to show the problem
  • Slightly more males develop schizophrenia in childhood, however, by adolescence schizophrenia affects males and females equally.
    • Katie Raborn
       
      More males are effected in early childhood rather than females but it still effects males and females equally.
  • Although schizophrenia affects men and women equally, symptoms in men generally begin earlier than in women
  • schizophrenia first appears in men during their late teens or early 20s
  • women, schizophrenia often first appears during their 20s or early 30s.
  • schizophrenia affects 2.7 million Americans
  • child born into a family with one or more schizophrenic family member has a greater chance of developing schizophrenia than a child born into a family with no history of schizophrenia.
  • chance for a sibling to also be diagnosed with schizophrenia is 7 to 8 percen
  • If a parent has schizophrenia, the chance for a child to have the disorder is 10 to 15 percen
  • Risks increase with multiple affected family members.
  • Distorted perception of reality (i.e., difficulty telling dreams from reality) Confused thinking (i.e., confusing television with reality) Detailed and bizarre thoughts and ideas Suspiciousness and/or paranoia (fearfulness that someone, or something, is going to harm them) Hallucinations (seeing, hearing, or feeling things that are not real such as hearing voices telling them to do something) Delusions (ideas that seem real but are not based in reality) Extreme moodiness Severe anxiety and/or fearfulness Flat affect (lack of emotional expression when speaking) or inability to manage emotions Difficulty in performing functions at work and/or school Exaggerated self-worth and/or unrealistic sense of superiority of one's self Social withdrawal (severe problems in making and keeping friends ) Disorganized or catatonic behavior (suddenly becoming agitated and confused, or sitting and staring, as if immobilized) Odd behaviors
    • Katie Raborn
       
      Some symptoms of Schizophrenia but people can experience different symptoms of the disorder
  • The symptoms of schizophrenia are often classified as positive (symptoms including delusions, hallucinations, and bizarre behavior), negative (symptoms including flat affect, withdrawal, and emotional unresponsiveness), disorganized speech (including speech that is incomprehensible), and disorganized or catatonic behavior (including marked mood swings, sudden aggressive, or confusion, followed by sudden motionlessness and staring).
    • Katie Raborn
       
      There are different classifications of schizophrenia such as positive, negative, and catatonic behavior.
  • diagnosed by a psychiatrist
  • Specific treatment for schizophrenia will be determined by your physician based on: Your age, overall health, and medical history Extent of the disease Your tolerance for specific medications, procedures, or therapies Expectations for the course of the disease Your opinion or preference
    • Katie Raborn
       
      Treatment is based on many different things like age, health and medical history
  • Types of treatment that may be helpful to an individual with schizophrenia may include: Medications (also called psychopharmacological management; to reduce the symptoms of schizophrenia), including the following: Neuroleptics--a specialized class of medications used to treat schizophrenia. Neuroleptics are used primarily to treat the pervasive, intrusive, and disturbing thoughts of a person with schizophrenia. They are designed to help minimize the severity of delusions and hallucinations the individual is experiencing. Antipsychotic medications--medications that act against the symptoms of psychotic illness, but do not cure the illness. However, these medications can reduce symptoms or reduce the severity of symptoms; a specialized class of medications used to treat schizophrenia. Individual and family psychotherapy (including cognitive and behavioral therapy) Specialized educational and/or structured activity programs (i.e., social skills training, vocational training, speech and language therapy) Self-help and support groups
  • Preventive measures to reduce the incidence of schizophrenia are not known at this time
Katie Raborn

Newborn infants learn while asleep; Study may lead to later disability tests - 0 views

  • "We found a basic form of learning in sleeping newborns, a type of learning that may not be seen in sleeping adults
    • Katie Raborn
       
      Newborns could learn while sleeping. How do they learn while sleeping? How do they figure that out? How come sleeping adults can't do that, since adults are more developed?
  • Dana Byrd, a research affiliate in psychology at UF
    • Katie Raborn
       
      credible source
  • The findings give valuable information about how it is that newborns are able to learn so quickly from the world, when they sleep for 16 to 18 hours a da
    • Katie Raborn
       
      When a newborn sleeps for 16 to 18 hours a day they are able to learn quickly about the world.
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  • ested the learning abilities of sleeping newborns by repeating tones that were followed by a gentle puff of air to the eyelids.
    • Katie Raborn
       
      They tested the newborns by the repeating tones. Could they test other things to figure out how newborns learn while sleeping? How do they know if they aren't just dreaming instead of learning?
  • After about 20 minutes, 24 of the 26 babies squeezed their eyelids together when the tone was sounded without the puff of air.
  • The brain waves of the 24 infants were found to change, providing a neural measurement of memory updating.
    • Katie Raborn
       
      So brainwaves detect memory updating.
  • While past studies find this type of learning can occur in infants who are awake, this is the first study to document it in their most frequent state, while they are asleep
    • Katie Raborn
       
      Infants learn while their awake but can also be found while they are asleep.
  • Learned eyelid movement reflects the normal functioning of the circuitry in the cerebellum, a neural structure at the base of the brain. This study's method potentially offers a unique non-invasive tool for early identification of infants with atypical cerebellar structure, who are potentially at risk for a range of developmental disorders, including autism and dyslexia, she said.
  • Newborn infants' sleep patterns are quite different than those of older children or adults in that they show more active sleep where heart and breathing rates are very changeable," she said. "It may be this sleep state is more amenable to experiencing the world in a way that facilitates learning."
  • Another factor is that infants' brains have greater neural plasticity, which is the ability for the neural connections to be changed
Autumn Martin

Sleep lessens the effect genes have on weight - USATODAY.com - 0 views

  • "The less sleep you get, the more your genes contribute to how much you weigh. The more sleep you get, the less your genes determine how much you weigh,"
    • Autumn Martin
       
      More ways to change your genes! (:
  • •Those who slept longer at night had lower body mass index (BMI), based on weight and height, than those sleeping less.
    • Autumn Martin
       
      So youre telling me the exact opposite of what I've been taught. That sleeping actually helps LOWER the chance of obesity?
  • •For twins averaging more than nine hours of sleep, genetic factors accounted for about 32% of weight variations; for those sleeping less than seven hours, genetic factors accounted for 70% of weight variations. For those sleeping seven to nine hours, 60% of the variation was due to genetic factors. Other factors that affect BMI include environmental ones.
    • Autumn Martin
       
      Okay, that is a hugeeee percentage difference.
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  • "If you're trying to lose weight, getting enough sleep gives you a fighting chance."
Katie Stevenson

Child's Home Address Helps Predict Risk Of Readmission To Hospital - MediLexicon - 0 views

  • Simply knowing a child's home address and some socioeconomic data can serve as a vital sig
  • predict which children admitted for asthma treatment are at greater risk for re-hospitalization or additional emergency room visits
  • research in the American Journal of Public Health.
  • ...18 more annotations...
  • ," based on census measures of poverty, home values and number of adults with high school degrees, also can help hospitals identify families likely to report financial or psychological hardship
  • linked to adverse asthma outcomes
  • Andrew Beck, MD
  • incinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center
  • geocoded home addresses (grouping households by geographic area)
  • social risk index from assigned census tract regions.
  • extreme poverty rates, median home values and high school graduation rates
  • 601 children hospitalized for asthma were evaluated and placed in one of three categories, or risk strata: low, medium or high risk.
  • 39 percent of all patients were rehospitalized or returned to the emergency room within 12 months.
  • high risk category were 80 percent more likely to be rehospitalized or revisit the emergency room.
  • high-risk children had caregivers who were five times more likely to report two or more financial hardships
  • three times more likely to report psychological distress
  • medium-risk category were 30 percent more likely to be readmitted or return to the emergency room.
  • The links between socioeconomic disparities and childhood asthma are well-established. Poor, urban and minority children are at the highest risk for emergency room treatment and hospital admission
  • do little to account for how socioeconomic disparities affect asthma.
  • help to target and use scarce and overburdened hospital and community resources more efficiently.
  • , they want to assess whether the introduction of geographic data into clinical care leads to more in-depth and reliable triage of patients.
  • data helps link hospital- or community-based care to those patients most likely to benefit from it.
  •  
    Child's home helps predict risk of hospitalization
Alexis Ramsey

Can You Give the Flu To Your Dog or Cat? | Surprising Science - 2 views

    • Alexis Ramsey
       
      Should we come up with a flu vaccine for animals?
  • A group of veterinarians at Oregon State and Iowa State Universities is now looking into the risk of flu for an unexpected population that doesn’t have access to flu shots: dogs, cats and other household pets.
    • Alexis Ramsey
       
      Good Idea. Great minds think alike.
  • ...15 more annotations...
  • “We worry a lot about zoonoses, the transmission of diseases from animals to people,” said Christiane Loehr, a professor at the OSU College of Veterinary Medicine. “But most people don’t realize that humans can also pass diseases to animals, and this raises questions and concerns about mutations, new viral forms and evolving diseases that may potentially be zoonotic. And, of course, there is concern about the health of the animals.”
    • Alexis Ramsey
       
      If this was put out more, I bet people would take this seriously in America we treat our animals like our childern.
  • H1N1 (“swine flu“) and H5N1 (“bird flu”)
  • The first recorded instance, described in an article published by the team in Veterinary Pathology, took place in Oregon in 2009.
    • Alexis Ramsey
       
      Look at that article.
  • While a cat owner was hospitalized with H1N1, both of her cats (which stayed indoors and had no contact with other sick people or animals) came down with flu-like symptoms and eventually died. A postmortem analysis of their lungs and nasal cavities turned up the H1N1 virus
    • Alexis Ramsey
       
      Proof
    • Alexis Ramsey
       
      Articles are mainly focusing on H1N1.
  • “It’s reasonable to assume there are many more cases of this than we know about, and we want to learn more,” Loehr said.
  • “Any time you have infection of a virus into a new species, it’s a concern, a black box of uncertainty,” Loehr noted.
  • this news might trigger immediate concern,
    • Alexis Ramsey
       
      Shouldn't this be on the news then?
  • the flu could be passed from human to pet, mutate into a more dangerous form,
  • “We don’t know for sure what the implications might be, but we do think this deserves more attention.”
    • Alexis Ramsey
       
      I agree very much.
  •  
    A good question Alexis... I think that people would pay for a flu vaccine for their pets.
Katie Raborn

New Studies Reveal Infants' World of Vision - 0 views

  • eye-tracking technology has been around for years, it is now small enough to be used to examine how toddlers view their environment.
    • Katie Raborn
       
      Technology called eye-tracking has been changed so now its small enough to examine toddlers views of the environment.
  • New York University led by Karen Adolph
    • Katie Raborn
       
      Creditable source
  • Finn, an 8.5-month-old toddler, was among the participants in this project. She was being coaxed to wear the eye-tracking headgear, which consists of two cameras - one that's looking out on the scene to get the baby's perspective, and another that's looking at the eye to track the movement of the pupil. A computer analyzed both camera views to determine exactly where Finn was looking.
    • Katie Raborn
       
      They tested an 8.5 month-old toddler, named Finn with the new eye tracking gear. The gear weighs only 45.4 grams.
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  • Jason Babcock is the founder of Positive Science, a New York company that has developed eye-tracking devices over the last decade
    • Katie Raborn
       
      Creditable source/ co-founder of Positive Science
  • John Franchak, a doctoral student at NYU and leader of the project
    • Katie Raborn
       
      Creditable source and led the project on Finn.
  • infants would be looking at their mothers constantly because that was common knowledge within [the field of] social cognition with infants." But in a room full of toys scattered everywhere and obstacles to climb on and crawl on, the infants only looked toward their mothers about half the time.  And even if they did look at their mothers, they looked at their mothers' faces only about 15 percent of the time.
  • toddlers almost always look directly at the object when reaching for it.
  • Toddlers are able to use information from their peripheral vision and still walk very well.
  • Another interesting finding was that while infants look directly at an obstacle before walking onto or over it, 75 percent of the time they don't always have to.
    • Katie Raborn
       
      The toddlers didn't have to look at the obstacle all the time. they were able to use information for their peripheral vision.
  • According to Franchak, down the line it could offer more research applications that could help infants with developmental disorders, medical research and applied research.   
Caitlan Granger

Autism Diagnosis | Research, Funding, Support | Autism Science Foundation - 0 views

    • Caitlan Granger
       
      Lists a lot of symptoms of autism, seems to be a very reliable source.
  • Studies show that about half of children with autism who are in an evidence-based early intervention program from age 3-5 can gain enough skills to be mainstreamed for kindergarten.
  • There are now evidence based interventions for babies as young as 12 months old, and studies are underway to design treatments for 9 month old babies at risk for autism.
Ceara Warren

Young people who go out drinking start earlier and consume more and more alcohol - 0 views

  • According to results, males drink more and aim to get drunk yet they associate their alcohol intake with the possibility of developing an addiction to a lesser extent than females.
  • We have observed that university students progressed to drink more alcohol. When they were adolescents they drank less alcohol and then more when reaching university. Nonetheless, today's adolescents drink the same amount as university students," outlines Espejo.
  • What will happen to these adolescents in a few years
  • ...9 more annotations...
  • If intake levels for secondary school and university students of the same sex are similar, this means that when secondary school students reach the age of 20, the consequences will be much greater than those seen amongst current university students.
  • "Nearly all adolescents who consumed alcohol started at around 13 or 14 years of age by drinking distilled alcohol (drinks with high alcohol content) in large quantities. On the other hand, university students started between 14 and 15 with fermented drinks like beer in relatively low quantities," confirms the expert.
  • the main reason for alcohol consumption in both groups is to have fun
  • The consequences are not understood
  • As for the consequences associated with alcohol consumption, neither youngsters nor university students are aware of the consequences.
  • They only take into consideration those consequences that repeatedly appear in television campaigns, like those relating to drink driving and personal relationship problems due to aggression.
  • They are also only aware of the immediate physical consequences like vomiting, dizziness, falling over and hangovers, etc.
  • ather that it is not recognised," concludes the researcher.
  • n general, youngsters feel that their alcohol consumption will have no negative consequences. They believe that for this to occur they would have to greatly increase their alcohol consumption. This, however, does not imply that the problem does not already exist but
  •  
    "Teenagers and university students are unaware of the negative consequences of alcohol consumption or the chances of developing an addiction as a result." Interesting..
Ruby Ridgway

Sterilization Methods - 0 views

  • An autoclave is generally considered to be the only form of sterilization appropriate for a body modification studio, although some low-volume home studios may use chemical sterilization.
    • Ruby Ridgway
       
      So when you go in to get a piercing, they don't typically use solution to sterelize anything, they only use the autoclave.
  • Cleaning can be achieved by first putting your tools in a ultrasonic with proper cleaning tablets or Alconox and scrubbing them at least once during the ultra sonic cycle.
    • Ruby Ridgway
       
      What is an ultrasonic? Are they in every shop, or do only certain shops have them?
  • While bleach is far a more powerful anti-microbial agent than alcohol, bleach kits often don't kill Hepatitis, and sometimes don't even kill the AIDS virus
    • Ruby Ridgway
       
      How common is it to contract Hepatitis from an infected piercing?
  • ...3 more annotations...
  • The CDC (center for disease control) has permitted boiling of needles and medical tools for an hour in extreme cases in areas where autoclaves and other more functional methods are not available.
    • Ruby Ridgway
       
      What piercing case is really that extreme? Or this could mean surgery tools for emergency surgery.
  • staphylococcus bacteria
  • gluteraldehyde based chemical agents
Natalie Mitten

Procrastination « You Are Not So Smart - 0 views

  • A study conducted in 1999 by Read, Loewenstein and Kalyanaraman
  • The researchers had a hunch people would go for the junk food first, but plan healthy meals in the future.
  • The revelation from this research is kids who were able to overcome their desire for short-term reward in favor of a better outcome later weren’t smarter than the other kids, nor were they less gluttonous. They just had a better grasp of how to trick themselves into doing what was best for them.
  • ...3 more annotations...
  • “Once Mischel began analyzing the results, he noticed that low delayers, the children who rang the bell quickly, seemed more likely to have behavioral problems, both in school and at home. They got lower S.A.T. scores. They struggled in stressful situations, often had trouble paying attention, and found it difficult to maintain friendships. The child who could wait fifteen minutes had an S.A.T. score that was, on average, two hundred and ten points higher than that of the kid who could wait only thirty seconds.” - Jonah Lehrer from his piece in the New Yorker, “Don’t”
  • “The future is always ideal: The fridge is stocked, the weather clear, the train runs on schedule and meetings end on time. Today, well, stuff happens.” - Hara Estroff Marano in Psychology Today
  • Interestingly, these results suggest that although almost everyone has problems with procrastination, those who recognize and admit their weakness are in a better position to utilize available tools for precommitment and by doing so, help themselves overcome it. - Dan Ariely, from his book “Predictably Irrational”
Katie Stevenson

Child's home address helps predict risk of readmission to hospital - 0 views

  • Kahn, M
  • senior investigator of the Cincinnati Children's study
  • The researchers geocoded home addresses (grouping households by geographic area) and constructed the social risk index
  • ...12 more annotations...
  • included extreme poverty rates, median home values and high school graduation rates.
  • 601 children hospitalized for asthma were evaluated a
  • 39 percent of all patients were rehospitalized or returned to the emergency room within 12 months.
  • high risk
  • category were 80 percent more likely to be rehospitalized or revisit the emergency room
  • medium-risk category were 30 percent more likely to be readmitted or return to the emergency room.
  • . Poor, urban and minority children are at the highest risk for emergency room treatment and hospital admission
  • standardize care for child asthma sufferers do little to account for how socioeconomic disparities affect asthma.
  • help to target and use scarce and overburdened hospital and community resources more efficiently.
  • "Early identification of children at increased risk could allow additional assessments and services to be put in place prior to discharge to improve patient outcomes. It also could
  • other asthma outcomes and other conditions, such as diabetes mellitus
    • Katie Stevenson
       
      Doctor Beck and MD Kahn from Cincinnati Children's Hospital Knowing class, address, geography, and parents education can all help tell if a child will have asthma and be readmitted to the hospital
  •  
    Knowing a child's address my help prevent hospitalization
Nick Noack

No Doomsday in 2012 - 3 views

  •  
    need for important information for project
Katie Stevenson

CHCR: People: Christine C. Johnson, PhD, MPH - 0 views

  • Phone: 313.874.6672 Email: cjohnso1@hfhs.org
    • Katie Stevenson
       
      Questions: Can this be applied to other things such as asthma and the development of it in children? Is there any way to prevent this? Should this make people weary of C-sections? What does this mean for later research?
  •  
    Contact Info for Dr. Christine Johnson
Autumn Martin

The Truth about Genetics and Weight Loss - bistroMD - 0 views

  • Then there's the particular predisposition for distribution, for having our weight in certain places on our bodies, which could be the old apple/pear body-type contrast, or a tendency to carry fat on the arms.
    • Autumn Martin
       
      Suggesting that Genetics effect body shaped opposed to actual bmi.
  • Add to those a predisposition for building muscle easily or not.
Katie Raborn

Babies Learn To Talk By Reading Lips, New Research Suggests - 0 views

  • developmental psychologist David Lewkowicz of Florida Atlantic University
    • Katie Raborn
       
      Source
  • Babies don't learn to talk just from hearing sounds. New research suggests they're lip-readers too.
  • 6 months, babies begin shifting from the intent eye gaze of early infancy to studying mouths when people talk to them.
    • Katie Raborn
       
      Babies study mouths at around 6 months
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  • absorb the movements that match basic sounds
  • first birthdays, babies start shifting back to look you in the eye again
    • Katie Raborn
       
      by their first birthdays infants start looking in your eyes again.
  • University of Iowa psychology professor Bob McMurray, who also studies speech development.
    • Katie Raborn
       
      Source
  • quality face-time with your tot is very important for speech development – more than, say, turning on the latest baby DVD.
  • Other studies have shown that babies who are best at distinguishing between vowel sounds like "ah" and "ee" shortly before their first birthday wind up with better vocabularies and pre-reading skills by kindergarten.
  • babies also look to speakers' faces for important social cues about what they're hearing
  • So he and doctoral student Amy Hansen-Tift tested nearly 180 babies, groups of them at ages 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 months. How? They showed videos of a woman speaking in English or Spanish to babies of English speakers. A gadget mounted on a soft headband tracked where each baby was focusing his or her gaze and for how long.
    • Katie Raborn
       
      Lewkowicz and Hansen tested how babies learn
  • They found a dramatic shift in attention: When the speaker used English, the 4-month-olds gazed mostly into her eyes. The 6-month-olds spent equal amounts of time looking at the eyes and the mouth. The 8- and 10-month-olds studied mostly the mouth.
    • Katie Raborn
       
      Different age groups studied the speaker differently.
  • At 12 months, attention started shifting back toward the speaker's eyes.
  • at 6 months, babies begin observing lip movement, Lewkowicz says, because that's about the time babies' brains gain the ability to control their attention rather than automatically look toward noise.
    • Katie Raborn
       
      At age 6 months babies brains gain the ability to control their attention.
  • Duke University cognitive neuroscientist Greg Appelbaum
    • Katie Raborn
       
      Source
LeeAnna Haynes

Lung cancer set to overtake breast cancer as the main cause of cancer deaths among Euro... - 0 views

  • Lung cancer is likely to overtake breast cancer as the main cause of cancer death among European women by the middle of this decade, according to new research published in the cancer journal Annals of Oncology on February 13.
    • LeeAnna Haynes
       
      "The study found that stem cell transplantation significantly extended the lifespan of the mice by 20 days and improved their neuromuscular function by 15 percent."
  • despite the decline in cancer deaths overall, lung cancer death rates continue to rise among women in all countries, while breast cancer rates fall.
  • in 2015 lung cancer is going to become the first cause of cancer mortality in Europe
  • ...3 more annotations...
  • Deaths from breast cancer have been declining steadily, with a 7% fall in rates since 2009 in the EU
  • there has been a decline in rates of deaths from colorectal cancers in the EU.
  • They predict there will be 87,818 deaths (16.7 per 100,000) in men and 75,059 (9.5 per 100,000) in women in 2013; this represents a fall when compared with actual death rates of 17.6 for men and 10.5 for women for the period 2005-200
LeeAnna Haynes

Stem cells may hold promise for Lou Gehrig's disease (ALS) - 0 views

  • For the study, mice with an animal model of ALS were injected with human neural stem cells taken from human induced pluripotent stem cell
    • LeeAnna Haynes
       
      "For the study, mice with an animal model of ALS were injected with human neural stem cells taken from human induced pluripotent stem cells"
  • The study found that stem cell transplantation significantly extended the lifespan of the mice by 20 days and improved their neuromuscular function by 15 percent.
    • LeeAnna Haynes
       
      "The study found that stem cell transplantation significantly extended the lifespan of the mice by 20 days and improved their neuromuscular function by 15 percent."
Katie Raborn

Dissociative Identity Disorder: Overview and Current Research - Student Pulse - 0 views

  • who presented as a male (23 years) and a female (17 years). The client (host) was female and 30 years old, and had been diagnosed with DID for 13 years. During presentation of the young female personality, the client reported hearing the male alter, which was her primary symptom, along with anxiety and identity dissociation. The client experienced remission of anxiety and hallucinatory symptoms after a month of treatment with perospirone. Treatment was continued for 5 months, and medication was gradually reduced over a period of 9 months. At the time of writing, the client had experienced remission of dissociative symptoms for 1 year
    • Katie Raborn
       
      There was a study on a 30 year old women and she had two different personalities.
  • DID can involve some degree of amnesi
  • Autobiographical memories may differ between alter personalities, allowing the host to retain positive memories while alters contain negative traumatic memorie
  • ...1 more annotation...
  • This study clarifies the mechanism and function of memory in various dissociative states and helps explain why trauma might result in the development of alters.
Katie Raborn

A story that doesn't hold up | Harvard Gazette - 0 views

  • scenario belongs strictly to the realm of fiction.
    • Katie Raborn
       
      Someone who has DID can still be convicted of a crime.
  • Harvard’s Richard J. McNally, Rafaele Huntjens of the University of Groningen, and Bruno Verschuere of the University of Amsterdam
    • Katie Raborn
       
      creditable source
  • patients do have knowledge of their other identities.
  • ...6 more annotations...
  • McNally, a professor in the Department of Psychology
    • Katie Raborn
       
      Creditable source
  • In addition to raising the public profile of the disorder, the book also marked the first suggestion that alternate personalities were created as a way to wall off traumatic memories of physical or sexual abuse, and that those memories could be recovered with the help of a therapist.
  • The idea at the time was that the mind locks these memories away, but with the help of a therapist, and through hypnosis or the use of drugs like Sodium Pentothal, these memories could become accessible,
  • Called a “concealed information task,” the test’s goal is ostensibly simple: identify words as they flash on a computer screen. If one of a small set of randomly selected “target” words appears, press yes. For all other words, press no. The catch, McNally said, is that while many of the words hold no meaning for the patients, a small subset of the non-target words are taken from two autobiographical questionnaires patients fill out at the start of the test — one while inhabiting one personality, the second in another.
    • Katie Raborn
       
      They conducted a test and fooled the patients with DID that said that they have no memory of what has happened.
  • When one of those personally relevant words — such as a best friend’s name, favorite food, or favorite sport — appears on screen, McNally said, most patients’ first impulse is to press the yes button. Within moments, however, they realize the word doesn’t appear on the target list, and they eventually give the “correct” answer by pressing no.
  • All participants showed a nearly identical lag for words that were relevant to their alternate personalities, McNally said, suggesting that the information wasn’t locked away in a separate identity.
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