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Katie Raborn

Schizophrenia - 0 views

  • no known single cause responsible for schizophrenia
    • Katie Raborn
       
      There isn't a cause for schizophrenia.
  • chemical imbalance in the brain is an inherited factor which is necessary for schizophrenia to develop.
  • -genetic, behavioral, and environmental--play a role in the development of this mental health condition.
    • Katie Raborn
       
      The disorder can be caused by behavioral, genetic, and environmental roles.
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  • considered to be multifactorially inherited
  • Multifactorial inheritance means that "many factors"
  • where a combination of genes from both parents, in addition to unknown environmental factors, produce the trait or condition
  • factors are usually both genetic and environmental
  • Often, one gender (either males or females) is affected more frequently than the other in multifactorial traits
    • Katie Raborn
       
      one gender in the family is effect more than the other gender. Which means one gender is more likely to show the problem of having schizophrenia.
  • means that one gender is more likely to show the problem
  • Slightly more males develop schizophrenia in childhood, however, by adolescence schizophrenia affects males and females equally.
    • Katie Raborn
       
      More males are effected in early childhood rather than females but it still effects males and females equally.
  • Although schizophrenia affects men and women equally, symptoms in men generally begin earlier than in women
  • schizophrenia first appears in men during their late teens or early 20s
  • women, schizophrenia often first appears during their 20s or early 30s.
  • schizophrenia affects 2.7 million Americans
  • child born into a family with one or more schizophrenic family member has a greater chance of developing schizophrenia than a child born into a family with no history of schizophrenia.
  • chance for a sibling to also be diagnosed with schizophrenia is 7 to 8 percen
  • If a parent has schizophrenia, the chance for a child to have the disorder is 10 to 15 percen
  • Risks increase with multiple affected family members.
  • Distorted perception of reality (i.e., difficulty telling dreams from reality) Confused thinking (i.e., confusing television with reality) Detailed and bizarre thoughts and ideas Suspiciousness and/or paranoia (fearfulness that someone, or something, is going to harm them) Hallucinations (seeing, hearing, or feeling things that are not real such as hearing voices telling them to do something) Delusions (ideas that seem real but are not based in reality) Extreme moodiness Severe anxiety and/or fearfulness Flat affect (lack of emotional expression when speaking) or inability to manage emotions Difficulty in performing functions at work and/or school Exaggerated self-worth and/or unrealistic sense of superiority of one's self Social withdrawal (severe problems in making and keeping friends ) Disorganized or catatonic behavior (suddenly becoming agitated and confused, or sitting and staring, as if immobilized) Odd behaviors
    • Katie Raborn
       
      Some symptoms of Schizophrenia but people can experience different symptoms of the disorder
  • The symptoms of schizophrenia are often classified as positive (symptoms including delusions, hallucinations, and bizarre behavior), negative (symptoms including flat affect, withdrawal, and emotional unresponsiveness), disorganized speech (including speech that is incomprehensible), and disorganized or catatonic behavior (including marked mood swings, sudden aggressive, or confusion, followed by sudden motionlessness and staring).
    • Katie Raborn
       
      There are different classifications of schizophrenia such as positive, negative, and catatonic behavior.
  • diagnosed by a psychiatrist
  • Specific treatment for schizophrenia will be determined by your physician based on: Your age, overall health, and medical history Extent of the disease Your tolerance for specific medications, procedures, or therapies Expectations for the course of the disease Your opinion or preference
    • Katie Raborn
       
      Treatment is based on many different things like age, health and medical history
  • Types of treatment that may be helpful to an individual with schizophrenia may include: Medications (also called psychopharmacological management; to reduce the symptoms of schizophrenia), including the following: Neuroleptics--a specialized class of medications used to treat schizophrenia. Neuroleptics are used primarily to treat the pervasive, intrusive, and disturbing thoughts of a person with schizophrenia. They are designed to help minimize the severity of delusions and hallucinations the individual is experiencing. Antipsychotic medications--medications that act against the symptoms of psychotic illness, but do not cure the illness. However, these medications can reduce symptoms or reduce the severity of symptoms; a specialized class of medications used to treat schizophrenia. Individual and family psychotherapy (including cognitive and behavioral therapy) Specialized educational and/or structured activity programs (i.e., social skills training, vocational training, speech and language therapy) Self-help and support groups
  • Preventive measures to reduce the incidence of schizophrenia are not known at this time
Katie Raborn

Schizophrenia - What Is Schizophrenia? | ehealthMD - 0 views

  • person finds it difficult to tell the difference between real and imagined experiences, to think logically, to express feelings, or to behave appropriately.
    • Katie Raborn
       
      A person with schizophrenia find it difficult to tell the difference between the real world and whats in their head, they cant think logically, express feelings, or know how to behave properly
  • People with schizophrenia may hear internal voices not heard by others or may see things that are not really ther
  • threatening and can make them fearful and withdrawn
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  • They also may have trouble organizing their thoughts and expressing themselves
  • speech and behavior can be so disorganized that they may seem frightening to others
  • most misunderstood mental illnesses
  • Jekyll-and-Hyde" type of split personality
  • Schizophrenia literally means "a split mind," and this may be where the misconception of split personality took root.
    • Katie Raborn
       
      Schizophrenia means split mind
  • difficulty functioning in society, at work, and in school
  • But the symptoms of schizophrenia vary widely from one person to another. In some people, the dissociated feelings caused by the illness are a constant part of life. In others, the symptoms will come and go. People with schizophrenia do not always act abnormally. They may appear perfectly responsible and in control, even when experiencing hallucinations or delusions.
  • Schizophrenia cannot be cured
    • Katie Raborn
       
      The disorder cannot be cured but the symptoms can be reduced
Katie Raborn

Dissociative Identity Disorder: Overview and Current Research - Student Pulse - 0 views

  • In one study involving 425 doctoral-level clinicians, nearly one-third believed that a diagnosis of Borderline Personality Disorder was more appropriate than DID.
    • Katie Raborn
       
      They did a study on DID to see how its diagnosis.
  • DID requires the presence of at least two personalities, with a personality being identified as a entity having a unique pattern of perception
  • These personalities must also display a pattern of exerting control on the individual’s behavior
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  • Extensive and unusual loss of memory pertaining to personal information another feature of DID
    • Katie Raborn
       
      When you have DID you can loose your memory
  • Differential diagnosis generally involves ruling out the effects of chemical substances and medical (as opposed to psychological) conditions. When evaluating children, it is also important to ensure that symptoms are distinguishable from imaginary play (American Psychiatric Association, 2000).
  • In clinical populations, the estimated prevalence of DID ranges from 0.5 to 1.0% (Maldonado, Butler, & Spiegel, 2002). In the general population, estimates of prevalence are somewhat higher, ranging from 1-5% (Rubin & Zorumski, 2005). Females are more likely to receive a diagnosis of DID, at a ratio of 9:1 (Lewis-Hall, 2002
  • High percentages of individuals with DID have comorbid diagnoses of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder or Borderline Personality Disorde
  • DID commonly have a previous diagnosis of Schizophrenia. However, this most likely represents a misdiagnosis rather than comorbidity, du
  • Other possible comorbid disorders involve substance abuse, eating disorders, somatoform disorders, problems of anxiety and mood, personality disorders, psychotic disorders, and organic mental disorders (ISSD, 2005), OCD, or some combination of conversion and somatoform disorder
  • Other factors influencing a poor prognosis include remaining in abusive situations, involvement with criminal activity, substance abuse, eating disorders, or antisocial personality features
  • the average age of diagnosis is thirt
    • Katie Raborn
       
      The average person who gets diagnosed with the disorder is at thirty. What happens to when people are younger and not diagnosed
  • One study found that the risk of developing a dissociative disorder (DD) increased seven times with a child’s exposure to trauma.
  • Dissociative Identity Disorder is linked to childhood abuse in 95-98% of the cases
  • Studies on genetic factors contributing to DID present mixed findings. However, one study involving dyzogotic and monozygotic twins found that considerable variance in experiences of pathological dissociation could be attributed to both shared and non-shared environmental experiences, but heritability appeared to have no effect (Waller & Ross, 1997).
  • Treatment most commonly follows a framework of “1) safety, stabilization and symptom reduction, 2) working directly and in depth with traumatic memories, and 3) identity integration and rehabilitation” (p. 89).
  • A study involving 280 outpatient participants (98% DID diagnosis) from five different races (Caucasian, African American, Hispanic, Asian, and Other) demonstrated the effectiveness of a similar five-phase model in reducing symptoms of dissociation.
    • Katie Raborn
       
      They did a study on how effect the treatments are.
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