http://www.sunyresearch.net/hplo/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/LP-Additional-Research-draft-final-2.pdf - 4 views
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The authors posit that learning occurs through the interaction of students and their instructor and is manifest as three integrated elements that contribute to a successful online learning community
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social presence (SP), teaching presence (TP), and cognitive presence (CP)
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he model also includes cognitive presence, a multivariate measure of critical and creative thinking that results from the cyclical process of practical inquiry within such a community of learners.