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Heather Purpera

Pioneers of Music - 0 views

courses.washington.edu/...music.html

inventor history notes music

shared by Heather Purpera on 16 Jan 14 - No Cached
  • James T. Russell James T. Russell (Left), born in Bremerton Washington, is a very influential inventor in the music industry. Russell, an avid music fan, frustrated by the poor quality of his records, set out to create a means of playing music that would have better longevity. With this goal in mind, Russell created the first “digital-to-optical recording and playback system,” what we know now as the compact disc. He used light to read the product instead of actually touching the material. The invention was finished in the late 1960s, and was originally patented by 1970. By 1985, Russell had over 26 patents on the invention, and sold the licenses to companies like Phillips Electronics, to produce the compact disc.
  • The music industry has been changed and has had great advancements throughout history. One of the main forms of advancement stems from the ways in which the industry has faced recording, and publication. Society has seen the industry veer from the standard eight-track, to the record, to the tape, to CD, to MP3, etc., and with each new advancement, the entire industry changes. It isn’t uncommon for a person to see many changes of medium within a lifetime. With each change comes better quality, more innovation, and more possibility for further progression.
  • The Compact Disc The invention of the CD has had one of the most influential, and timely effects on the music industry. The CD came into the technology scene in the 1980s. Philips Electronics N.V first produced it in 1980. The invention originated in the computer industry in 1980, and took over the floppy disk. It could contain the same amount of information as 1,000 floppy disks, thus it became a very popular alternative. Soon, it also became influential in the music industry in 1982, when technology was invented that allowed the disc to hold audio files with a far better sound quality than was prior possible. The compact disc is read by a laser beam, which leads to a more accurate and qualified playback. In addition, compact discs allowed the user to skip between songs with out using the fast forward/ rewind button, a feature that wasn’t available on the magnetic cassette tape.
justin creed

How Are Adhesive Sticky Note Pads and Cubes Made/Printed? - Quality Logo Products, Inc. - 0 views

www.qualitylogoproducts.com/...howare-sticky-notes-made.htm

adhesive note pads printed quality products

shared by justin creed on 13 Jan 14 - No Cached
  • Sticky notes are much more than simple notepads! If used correctly, they can be ultimate portable marketing tools. Sticky notes were originally marketed to workplaces, but they can now be found everywhere. At home, they come in handy for grocery lists, phone numbers, to-do lists, and reminders. They’re used in magazine advertising to highlight a new product’s advantages; if the reader desires, he or she can peel away the sticky note and take the ad. They also make great bookmarks for students! Sticky notes' functionality leads users to wonder how these little unassuming notes came about and how they are made.
  • Up to that point, 3M had only ever produced rolled products like adhesive tape, so the company’s engineers had to create and build new machinery to accommodate the flat pads and eventually cubes of paper. Then they had to find a way to apply the adhesive without gumming up the machinery. While this was a very expensive venture, it also gave 3M market dominance because few companies had the budget to back such an undertaking.
  • Fry was a member of his church’s choir and often marked pages in his hymnal with bits of paper that almost always fell out. What if he could stick the bits of paper to the pages of the hymnal without damaging the book? Dr. Silver’s glue seemed to be the answer!
  • ...3 more annotations...
  • The idea for sticky notes originated by accident. Dr. Spencer Silver, a Senior Scientist in the 3M Corporation’s Research Lab, discovered a repositionable adhesive in 1968. It hadn’t been his goal to do so, because at the time 3M’s philosophy was "the stickier the better.
  • After several sample tests across the country, Post-It® Notes were launched nationwide in 1980. Nearly 30 years later, the line has expanded from the original square, canary-yellow sticky notes to 61 other colors and 25 different shapes; they now generate more than one billion dollars of revenue every year! The vast success of sticky notes is no fluke.
  • One thing is a definite: you have thousands of exciting options to choose from!
bailey spoonemroe

Wrigley Company | Wrigley Chewing Gum - Candy Favorites - 0 views

www.candyfavorites.com/...the-wrigley-company

company candy gum favorites

shared by bailey spoonemroe on 15 Jan 14 - No Cached
  • William Wrigley Jr., yep, the founder of the Wrigley Company, believed that even with small things, quality matters. More than 100 years later, candy lovers still enjoy the quality of numerous Wrigley Company products including Wrigley chewing gum, Life Savers, Altoids, and more.We have the complete Wrigley chewing gum selection below so you can choose among Hubba Bubba, Orbit, Extra, Eclipse, Big Red, Freedent, 5 Rain, and others. Whether you are looking for minty, sweet, or sugar-free, you’ll find it all here.
  • Besides Wrigley chewing gum, we carry Chunky Candy Bar, Life Savers candy in several varieties including Sour Gummies, and Squeeze Pops. It’s a Wrigley fan’s paradise.
  • bailey spoonemroe on 15 Jan 14
     
    highlighted part!
Tuffer Jordan

Wecome to NWS&T Magazine Online - 0 views

depts.washington.edu/...index.php

CD inventor

shared by Tuffer Jordan on 10 Jan 14 - No Cached
  • The Puget Sound Engineering Council selected Russell as the 2005 Industry Engineer of the Year. And despite all of his accomplishments, it wasn't until Joe Decuir of Seattle's chapter of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc., (IEEE) saw a story about Russell in the local newspaper that he suggested Russell's name to the committee last fall.
  • In the mid 1950s, he was frustrated with the sound quality of LPs, which started wearing out after only a dozen plays. He even tried using a cactus needle to play records because the jewel needle wore out the vinyl faster and didn't sound as clear. Russell wanted a way to capture the complexity and nuances of classical music without damaging the recording. And the idea that sparked a multi-billion dollar industry was about to take shape in Russell's mind.
  • In fifth grade, he started building radios out of parts he scrounged from the neighbors. In high school, he took a job setting up a commercial radio station, even though he didn't know how to hook up most of the equipment. "But I learned– rapidly,” he laughs.
  • ...12 more annotations...
  • After graduating from Reed College with a degree in physics in 1953, Russell took a job with General Electric in the Hanford Nuclear Plant doing experimental work.
  • Battelle took over the Hanford Laboratories in 1965 and gave Russell a lab and time to work on some of his imaginings, including the crazy idea that sound could be converted to strings of numbers and reproduced using light.
  • He had come up with a way of using a laser to read digital bits of information, which later became the most widely-used way to read just about everything. By using a light to read the data, the record would never wear out. The data are encoded as microscopic pit marks on the surface of the disk, which, when spun, can be read to reproduce high-quality sound.
  • The original goal was to record television shows, not music, because adding visuals would be more difficult. If television couldn't be recorded digitally, Russell and his backers decided they would at least know where they stood. In 1973, they were successful, but they were ahead of their time. Amazingly, no one wanted to buy a license for the precursor to the DVD.
  • By 1991, about 25 years after he came up with the idea, CDs were outselling their predecessors, audio tapes, in record stores nationwide.
  • But all he can do is shrug ruefully, "I didn't invent the CD, I invented the technology.”
  • Today, Russell has more than 50 patents to his name. He continues his work from the basement of his Bellevue home where he and Barbara have lived for more than a decade.
  • The first devices were called Optical Digital Data Storage –the term CD is actually a trademark of Philips. The original storage units were made of glass plates, about the size of large index cards, which could be read as a laser scanned over them.
    • Tuffer Jordan
      Tuffer Jordan on 16 Jan 14
       
      Russell didn't get fame nor riches for his invention.
  • Now, sales of the mirror-like plastic discs are in the billions every year, but the man behind it all has gotten neither fame nor riches. The company that held the patents sold the rights for a song. Now, Russell has a few artifacts from the early days, a scrapbook full of pictures, and a handful of plaques and trophies to show for all his
    • Tuffer Jordan
      Tuffer Jordan on 16 Jan 14
       
      In the fifth grade, Russell started building radios out of parts he scrounged form the neighbors.
    • Tuffer Jordan
      Tuffer Jordan on 16 Jan 14
       
      Russell came up with a way of using a laser to read digital bits of information, which later became the most widely-used way to read just about everything.
  • Tuffer Jordan on 10 Jan 14
     
    James T. Russell invented the CD! 
Heather Purpera

CD History - 0 views

www.mh-audio.nl/tips%5Ccdhistory.htm

inventor history notes google picture

shared by Heather Purpera on 16 Jan 14 - No Cached
  • It was Philips Industries, a Dutch-based electronics giant (known in the music world as owner of the PolyGram labels), that made the first announcement, on May 17, 1978. Working with Japan's Sony Corporation, Philips announced that they would have a marketable compact disc and appropriate hardware ready "in the early 1980s." That promise was kept on October 1, 1982, when the compact disc was introduced in Japan by CBS/Sony, with 112 different CD titles and a CD player (Sony's CDP-101). The last few months of 1982 were hectic, with Sony selling over 20,000 CD players and Hitachi also posting sales in the 6,000 per month range for their player. Prices for these initial players ran from about $700 to about $1000. The discs themselves, priced at about $15-20, could not be pressed fast enough to meet demand. Sony's research on who was buying the discs in Japan indicated it was young (20s, early 30s) men with a particular interest in sound quality. Perhaps it was this research that led others to believe, as the rest of the world looked on in curiosity to what was happening in Japan, that CDs would fill a niche for high quality sound enthusiasts and little else. By the end of 1982, CBS/Sony and Epic/Sony had issued 122 CD titles.
  • The stories about compact discs published in Billboard during early 1983 are fascinating. The lead story on January 29 has PolyGram mulling over how to package the CD in the US when it's released later in 1983, leaning toward the (in retrospect, ill-fated) "long box," the 6"x12" cardboard box which they convinced the industry to adopt at the RIAA (Record Industry Association of America) meeting the next week. (Many at the meeting were considering a 12"x12" box!)
  • In February, Sony announced a "firm" suggested retail price of $1000 for their CD player and $16.98 for discs when they would be introduced later that year in the US. February 23, 1983 marked the debut of the compact disc in Europe, with PolyGram's Hans Gout noting that, "The sooner the Compact Disc replaces the conventional black vinyl LP, the better." By early March, Sony and CBS Records in the US were supplying free compact disc players and discs to selected radio stations here, mostly with Classical and Album-Oriented Rock formats. The March 12 issue of Billboard also notes that Capitol Record Shop, a Hartford, Connecticut, record store, had begun importing CDs from Japan and Europe, with 24 titles at a price tag of $24.95 each. At the time the owner was interviewed, he had only sold a total of one disc.
  • ...3 more annotations...
  • Several months of delays and anticipation dragged by, until in late June, 1983, CBS finally shipped the first CD "prepacks" to a select 35 accounts. Each prepack had a total of 12 titles, with no more than a total of 1000 prepacks altogether in the first shipment. Among the individual titles were Pink Floyd's Wish You Were Here, Billy Joel's The Stranger, Michael Jackson's Thriller, and Toto's Toto IV. Other titles were jazz and classical. The CD era had begun in the United States.
  • Within about a month, CBS had issued several other pop/rock titles, including Boston's Don't Look Back, Earth Wind & Fire's Raise!, ELO's Discovery, Journey's Escape, Boz Scaggs' Silk Degrees, Barbra Streisand's Guilty, and Bruce Springsteen's Born To Run. These had the CBS logo (and mastering numbers in the DIDP 50000 series). Later, these were reissued with Columbia logos, but these remain as examples of the earliest American CD releases
  • After the introduction of the CD here, most of the stories in the trade press center around the acute shortage of pressing plants. At that time, there were two major plants, PolyGram's Hanover, West Germany plant, and Sony's plant in Japan. (Almost all the CDs sold under US labels for the first few years were either made in Japan or West Germany.) Sales figures for the US in 1983 totalled about 30,000 players and 800,000 discs. Still, no one really knew if the CD would succeed.
bailey spoonemroe

Wrigley.com :: How Gum is Made - 2 views

www.wrigley.com/...how-gum-is-made.aspx

gum inventor history notes

shared by bailey spoonemroe on 17 Jan 14 - No Cached
  • The Wm. Wrigley Jr. Company manufactures chewing and bubble gums with long-lasting flavor and dependable, uniform quality. This includes manufacturing our gum in spotless, air-conditioned rooms and sampling all ingredients before accepting them into any of our 19 factories. After raw ingredients are approved for quality, the first production stage begins.
  • Melting
  • Mixing
  • ...6 more annotations...
  • Rolling
  • Scoring
  • Conditioning
  • Wrapping
  • Breaking and Coating
  • Packaging
  • bailey spoonemroe on 17 Jan 14
     
    how gum is made 
bailey spoonemroe

How chewing gum is made - manufacture, making, history, used, procedure, industry, mach... - 0 views

www.madehow.com/...Chewing-Gum.html

shared by bailey spoonemroe on 13 Jan 14 - No Cached
  • Kneading and rolling the gum
  • Preparing the chicle
  • Raw Mate
  • ...2 more annotations...
  • Chewing gum is a sweetened, flavored confection composed primarily of latex, both natural and artificial. Organic latex, a milky white fluid produced by a variety of seed plants, is best known as the principle component of rubber. Used as a snack, gum has no nutritive value, and, when people have finished chewing, they generally throw it away rather than swallow it.
  • The most successful chewing gum company ever is that established by William Wrigley, Jr., in 1892. Although the company, run by the founder's son and grandson after his death in 1932, developed a wide array of flavored gums, it dropped many of these to concentrate on its biggest sellers: "Juicy Fruit," "Doublemint," and "Wrigley's Spearmint." Recently, the company introduced gum for denture wearers, sugar-free gum, cinnamon-flavored gum, and non-stick bubble gum. Like earlier Wrigley products, all have proven popular. The secrets behind the success of Wrigley gums—the company has never made anything else—are strong flavor and prominent advertising. As William Wrigley, Jr., said early in the century, "Tell 'em quick and tell 'em often."
  • bailey spoonemroe on 13 Jan 14
     
    about how gum is made
De Anna Jo Powell

By chance, chemist discoveredadhesive known as Super Glue: Kids Search - powered by EBS... - 0 views

web.ebscohost.com/...detail

super glue inventor Harry Coover

shared by De Anna Jo Powell on 17 Jan 14 - No Cached
  • Harry Coover, 94, who as a young chemist in the 1940s and '50s discovered a powerful adhesive compound known today as Super Glue and Instant Krazy Glue, died March 26 at his home in Kingsport, Tenn. He had congestive heart failure.
  • 1942, as a chemist with Eastman Kodak
  • developing a plastic rifle sight for use in World War II
  • ...21 more annotations...
  • "The damn problem was everything was sticking to everything else," he told the Pittsburgh Post-Gazette in 2005. "We had a hard time using it in molds."
  • 1951, Dr. Coover was testing a heat-resistant polymer for use in aircraft windshields when he remembered his encounter with cyanoacrylate.
  • droplet of the liquid
  • bonded the lenses of an expensive optical instrument
  • compound solidifies after coming into contact with trace amounts of moisture
  • extremely strong polymer layer between two surfaces.
  • 1958 on an episode of the game show "I've Got a Secret,"
  • Eastman 910
  • aptly named because its fast-acting adhesive is effective by the count of 10
  • hoist Moore in the air as the host dangled from a set of glued pipes.
  • Eastman 910's remarkable strength and sticky quality led to a wide variety of applications.
  • used Super Glue to reduce scarring
  • 1950s, it was used in the manufacturing of atomic weapons.
  • Dr. Coover was most proud of its application in the Vietnam War
  • Harry Wesley Coover Jr. was born March 6, 1917, in Newark, Del.
  • As a teenager, he was driving over a railroad crossing when his car was hit by a train, his family said. The accident sent Dr. Coover into a coma for several months. When he awoke, he had no memory of the crash or his life before he was 16
  • recovered and graduated in 1941 from Hobart College in Geneva, N.Y. He then attended Cornell University, where he received a master's degree in 1942 and a doctorate in 1944, both in chemistry.
  • Dr. Coover retired from Eastman Kodak as vice president in 1984
  • 2010, President Obama awarded Dr. Coover the National Medal of Technology and Innovation.
  • Dr. Coover held more than 460 patents
  • 1983 movie "The Man Who Loved Women," Burt Reynolds and a tube of Instant Krazy Glue become stuck to a white shag carpet and a miniature dog named Simba.
  • De Anna Jo Powell on 17 Jan 14
     
    Some good information on Harry Coover of when he was younger
Tuffer Jordan

Inventor of the Week: Archive - 0 views

web.mit.edu/...russell.html

shared by Tuffer Jordan on 09 Jan 14 - Cached
    • Heather Purpera
      Heather Purpera on 09 Jan 14
       
      James T. Russel invented the compact disc in the late 1960s
  • The digital compact disc, now commonplace in stereos and computers, was invented in the late 1960s by James T. Russell.
  • Russell was born in Bremerton, Washington in 1931.
  • ...10 more annotations...
  • At age six, he invented a remote-control battleship, with a storage chamber for his lunch
  • He was among the first to use a color TV screen and keyboard as the sole interface between computer and operator; and he designed and built the first electron beam welder.
  • Russell was an avid music listener.
  • Like many audiophiles of the time, he was continually frustrated by the wear and tear suffered by his vinyl phonograph records. He was also unsatisfied with their sound quality: his experimental improvements included using a cactus needle as a stylus. Alone at home on a Saturday afternoon, Russell began to sketch out a better music recording system --- and was inspired with a truly revolutionary idea.
  • Russell envisioned a system that would record and replay sounds without physical contact between its parts; and he saw that the best way to achieve such a system was to use light.
  • Russell was familiar with digital data recording, in punch card or magnetic tape form. He saw that if he could represent the the binary 0 and 1 with dark and light, a device could read sounds or indeed any information at all without ever wearing out.
  • If he could make the binary code compact enough, Russell saw that he could store not only symphonies, but entire encyclopedias on a small piece of film.
    • Heather Purpera
      Heather Purpera on 09 Jan 14
       
      His inventing began very young!!!
    • Tuffer Jordan
      Tuffer Jordan on 16 Jan 14
       
      Russell earned his BA in Physics from Reed College in Portland in 1953.
    • Tuffer Jordan
      Tuffer Jordan on 16 Jan 14
       
      At the age of 6, Russell invented a remote-control battleship, with a storage chamber for his lunch.
bailey spoonemroe

Wrigley.com :: Heritage Timeline - 0 views

www.wrigley.com/...heritage-timeline.aspx

heritage timeline history

shared by bailey spoonemroe on 10 Jan 14 - No Cached
  • Heritage Timeline Wrigley has been delighting consumers with fun, innovative, high-quality products for over 100 years. From baking powder and soap in Chicago in 1891, to gum, mints, hard and chewy candies, and lollipops around the world today, Wrigley has evolved and expanded with an eye to the future and a steady focus on the consumer. Choose from the dates below or the images to the left to explore Wrigley's rich heritage.
  • Ben Lews on 10 Jan 14
     
    A timeline of his life 
  • bailey spoonemroe on 17 Jan 14
     
    this is all good info!!
Heather Purpera

History of Computers and Computing, Birth of the modern computer, The bases of digital ... - 0 views

history-computer.com/...compact_disc.html

history james compact disk modern

shared by Heather Purpera on 10 Jan 14 - No Cached
  • Compact Disk of James Russel The first workable digital compact disc device, the precursor on now ubiquitous CD/DVDs, was invented in the late 1960s by the American physicist James Russell
  • James T. Russell was born in Bremerton, Washington in 1931. He was always a smart boy and at the age of six he devised a remote-control battleship with a storage compartment for his lunch (obviously the young James enjoyed the food :-)
  • In 1953, Russell earned his Bachelor degree in physics and graduated from Reed College in Portland. Afterwards he went to work as a Physicist in General Electric's nearby labs in Richland, where his wife Barbara worked as a chemist. At GE, working for the Hanford Nuclear Plant, and appointed as a "designated problem-solver" for GE experimental unit, Russell initiated many experimental instrumentation projects. He was among the first to use a color TV screen and keyboard as the main interface between computer and operator. He also designed and built the first electron beam welder. In 1950s and early 1960s, Russell, who was an avid music listener (he was found of classical music—Beethoven, Chopin, Mussorgsky, Offenbach. etc.), quite frustrated with the wear and tear of his vinyl records and their poor sound quality, tried to improve the record player. Initially he tried using a cactus needle, instead of steel one, for a stylus, but with no success. "After each record you had to resharpen the needle," he recalled.
  • ...6 more annotations...
  • In 1965, the Ohio-based Battelle Memorial Institute opened its Pacific Northwest Laboratory in Richland, to took over management of Hanford's lab, and James Russell joined the effort as Senior Scientist. Thus he gained an audience for his more far-fetched ideas and immediately began to pepper Battelle with proposals for new commercial concepts. The optical digital technology was initially met with skepticism, as it was not believed that one could digitize sound. "Here I was at Battelle, enmeshed in the scientific community, and one of the first things I had to demonstrate was that you could digitize music and reproduce it" he said. "Music into numbers? Come on now, Russell."
  • ple to convert into an audible or visible transmission.
  • Through the 1970s, Russell continued to refine the CD-ROM, adapting it to any form of data. However, like many ideas far ahead of their time, the CD-ROM found few interested investors at first. In 1971, Eli S. Jacobs, a New York venture capitalist, pioneered the commercialization by forming Digital Recording Corporation to further enhance the product for the consumer video market, and hired Russell and a team of technicians to come up with a video disk. Their efforts led to a 20-minute video disc in 1973.
  • "The vision I had in mind was of television programs on little plastic records. The networks, instead of putting programs on television, would print records. And if you wanted to watch your favorite programs you'd get them in the mail and put in the disk whenever you want," Russell said. "Jacobs thought, if we can do it, hey great, we've got the whole world by the tail. And if we can't, well at least you know where you are." In 1974 Digital Recording Corporation announced an optical digital television recording and playback machine, the first device to digitize a color image, at a Chicago trade show. The response from large potential investors was rather cool. Philips Electronics representatives visited Russell's Battelle lab in the summer of 1975, and they discounted the entire premise of his work. "They said: It's all very well for data storage, but you can't do that for video or audio." recalled Russell. Philips had just released its laser disc, an analog optical video player, and they were convinced that analog was the only way. "Philips put $60 million into development of the laser disc. We were advised that nobody would tell them they had made a mistake."
  • Sony launched its CDP-101—the first commercialized CD player in 1982. Sony and Philips paid royalties from CD player sales to Battelle and to Optical Recording Corporation. Time-Warner and other disc manufacturers settled with the Optical Recording Corporation in 1992, paying $30 million for patent infringement. The court determined that Optical Recording had the sole rights over the technology mentioned in the patents. But because the patents properly belonged to Russell's employer, he never got a cent out of either deal. By 1985, Russell had earned 26 patents for CD-ROM technology. He then founded his own consulting firm, where he has continued to create and patent improvements in optical storage systems, along with bar code scanners, liquid crystal shutters, and other industrial optical instruments. His most revolutionary recent invention is a high-speed optical data recorder and player that has no moving parts. Russell earned another 11 patents for this "Optical Random Access Memory" device.
  • James Russell has more good ideas before breakfast than most people do all their life
  • Heather Purpera on 10 Jan 14
     
    Information and facts on the inventor 
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