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justin creed

Post-It Notes Were Invented By Accident - 1 views

www.todayifoundout.com/...otes-were-invented-by-accident

invented history google

shared by justin creed on 09 Jan 14 - No Cached
  • There were actually two accidents that lead to the invention of the Post-It note.  The first was by Spencer Silver.  According to the former Vice President of Technical Operations for 3M Geoff Nicholson (now retired), in 1968, Silver was working at 3M trying to create super strong adhesives for use in the aerospace industry in building planes.  Instead of a super strong adhesive, though, he accidentally managed to create an incredibly weak, pressure sensitive adhesive agent called Acrylate Copolymer Microspheres.
  • It did have two interesting features, though.  The first is that, when stuck to a surface, it can be peeled away without leaving any residue. 
  • Specifically, the acrylic spheres only stick well to surfaces where they are tangent to the surface, thus allowing weak enough adhesion to be able to be peeled easily.  The second big feature is that the adhesive is re-usable, thanks to the fact that the spheres are incredibly strong and resist breaking, dissolving, or melting.   Despite these two notable features, no one, not even Silver himself, could think up a good marketable use for it.  Thus, even with Silver promoting it for five years straight to various 3M employees, the adhesive was more or less shelved. Finally, in 1973, when Geoff Nicholson was made products laboratory manager at 3M, Silver approached him immediately with the adhesive and gave him samples to play with. 
  • ...15 more annotations...
  • Silver also suggested what he saw as his best idea for what to use the adhesive for, making a bulletin board with the adhesive sprayed on it.  One could then stick pieces of paper to the bulletin board without tacks, tape, or the like.  The paper could subsequently be easily removed without any residue being left on the sheets.  While this was a decent idea, it wasn’t seen as potentially profitable enough as annual bulletin board sales are fairly low.
  • Now enter the second accident by chemical engineer Art Fry.  Besides working at 3M as a Product Development Engineer and being familiar with Silver’s adhesive thanks to attending one of Silver’s seminars on the low-tack adhesive, he also sung in a church choir in St. Paul, Minnesota.
  • One little problem he continually had to deal with was accidentally losing his song page markers in his hymn book while singing, with them falling out of the hymnal.  From this, he eventually had the stroke of genius to use some of Silver’s adhesive to help keep the slips of paper in the hymnal.
  • Fry then suggested to Nicholson and Silver that they were using the adhesive backwards.  Instead of sticking the adhesive to the bulletin board, they should “put it on a piece of paper and then we can stick it to anything.”
  • This initially proved easier said than done, in terms of practical application.  It was easy enough to get the adhesive on the paper, but the early prototypes had the problem that the adhesive would often detach from the paper and stay on the object the paper was stuck to, or, at least, leave some of the adhesive behind in this way.  There was no such problem with the bulletin boards Silver had made because he had specifically made them so that the adhesive would bond better with the board than the paper. Two other 3M employees now entered the scene, Roger Merrill and Henry Courtney.  The two were tasked with coming up with a coating that could be put on the paper to make the adhesive stay bonded to it and not be left behind on whatever the paper was stuck to when it was removed, a task at which they were ultimately successful at achieving. Interestingly, because management at 3M still didn’t think the product would be commercially successful, they more or less shelved it for three years, even though the Post-It notes were extremely popular internally at 3M labs during that span.    Finally, in 1977, 3M began running test sale runs of the Post-It note, then called “Press ‘n Peel”, in a certain areas in four different cities to see if people would buy and use the product.  It turned out, no one much did, which confirmed in the minds of the executives that it wasn’t a good commercial product.
  • Luckily for offices the world over, Nicholson and Joe Ramey, Nicholson’s boss, didn’t feel like giving up yet.  They felt the marketing department had dropped the ball in that they hadn’t given businesses and people samples of the product to use to let them see for themselves how useful the notes could be.  So a year after the initial flop, 3M tried again to introduce the Post-It note to the world, this time giving huge amounts of free sample Post-It note pads away in Boise, Idaho, with the campaign deemed “The Boise Blitz”. 
  • This time, the re-order rate went from almost nothing, in the previous attempt, to 90% of the people and businesses that had received the free samples.  For reference, this was double the best initial rate 3M had ever seen for any other product they’d introduced.  Two years later, the Post-It note was released throughout the United States.
  • So after 5 years of constant rejection for the adhesive and another seven years in development and initial rejection, Post-It notes were finally a hit and have since become a mainstay in offices the world over, today being one of the top five best selling office supply products in the world.
  • Ever wonder why the standard color for Post-It notes is yellow?  It turns out this was kind of an accident as well.  The official story from some at 3M is that it was because it created a “good emotional connection with users” and that it would “contrast well stuck to white paper”.  However, according to Geoff Nicholson there was no such thought given to the color.  The real reason Post-It notes were yellow was simply because the lab next door to where they were working on the Post-It note “had some scrap yellow paper – that’s why they were yellow; and when we went back and said ‘hey guys, you got any more scrap yellow paper?’ they said ‘you want any more go buy it yourself’, and that’s what we did, and that’s why they were yellow. To me it was another one of those incredible accidents. It was not thought out; nobody said they’d better be yellow rather than white because they would blend in – it was a pure accident.”
  • Another obstacle in the initial launch of Post-It notes was that, because it was a completely new type of product, it required the construction of new machinery to mass produce the Post-It note pads, which was initially prohibitively expensive for a product seen by many within 3M as destined for commercial failure.
  • While most Post-It notes only have a thin strip of adhesive, you can buy Post-It notes that are completely covered in the back with the adhesive.  One example of a place this type of note is used is at the U.S. postal service.  These full adhesive backed notes are used there on forwarded mail.
  • Post-It notes received an upgrade in 2003 when 3M launched a new version of the Post-It note with super sticky glue that has better adhesion to vertical surfaces.
  • Spencer Silver holds a total of 22 patents, including the patent for the “low-tack, reusable, pressure sensitive adhesive” used in Post-It notes (Patent#: 3,691,140).  Silver is still working at 3M today in their special adhesives department.  He also has a doctorate in organic chemistry, which he received two years before inventing the adhesive used in Post-It notes.  On the side, his favorite past time is painting using pastels and oils, which he apparently is extremely accomplished at.
  •  Post-It notes are occasionally used in art-work.  One such famous example was in 2008 when Shay Hovell used 12,000 Post-It notes to create a replica of the Mona Lisa.  The most expensive Post-It note art piece was done by R.B. Kitaj and sold for £640 (about $1000) in 2000.
  • Art Fry received his early education in a one room schoolhouse.  He studied chemistry at the University of Minnesota and was hired while still in school at the “Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Company”, which later was re-named 3M.  He retired from 3M in the early 1990s.
justin creed

Fun Facts About Paper Sticky Notes | Paper Views - 0 views

www.paperviews.org/...-the-paper-post-it%C2%AE-notes

google history paper views notes facts fun

shared by justin creed on 14 Jan 14 - No Cached
  • Sticky notes seem to be a part of everyday life. They are found in homes, classrooms and offices. You may be wondering…how did the sticky note come to be? Well here is the answer…According to Post-it®Brand’s website, Dr. Spencer Silver, a 3M scientist, developed a repositionable adhesive, but he didn’t know what to do with his discovery. It wasn’t until six years later that his colleague, Art Fry, thought of a use for the adhesive.
  • 1980 – Post-it® Notes are introduced in the United States 1987 – Post-it®Flags are introduced 1990 – Post-it® Notes celebrate their 10 year anniversary 1991 – Post-it® Pop Up Notes are introduced 1994 – Post-it® Easel Pads are introduced. 2003 – Post-it®Super Sticky Notes are developed and practically stick to almost               any surface 2009 – Post-it® Labels & Post-it Flag Highlighters are introduced 2010 – Post-it® Laptop Note Dispensers are introduced
  • fun facts about the history of the Post-it® Note
  • ...1 more annotation...
  • A Post-it® Note weathered a flight from Las Vegas to Minneapolis on the nose of the plane. It endured speeds of 500 mph and temperatures as low as -56 degree Fahrenheit. It would take approximately 506,880,000 Post-it® Notes to circle the world once 1989 – A family left a Post-it® Note on their front door during Hurricane Hugo and it was their 3 days later 2000 – Llze Vitolina created a line of avant-garde evening wear made from Post-it® Notes. She made 11 dresses total, including a wedding gown, hats, and a bridal bouquet Today, the Post-it® Brand now has over 4,000 products.
justin creed

Final Word: Post-it Notes have stuck around for a reason - USATODAY.com - 0 views

usatoday30.usatoday.com/...2010-04-21-final21_ST_N.htm

word notes reason

shared by justin creed on 13 Jan 14 - No Cached
  • April marks the 30th anniversary of the Post-it Note.
  • It all began in 1968 when scientist Spencer Silver discovered a unique adhesive that would not only stick to surfaces, but could also be repositioned. Then along came Silver's colleague, Art Fry, who was having trouble keeping his bookmark in his hymnal while singing in the church choir. So Fry applied the adhesive to create a bookmark, soon realizing he had found a new way to mark the spot, so to speak.
  • My love affair with the Post-it stems from the fact I'm a habitual listmaker. There are lists on the kitchen counter. Lists at my desk. Lists everywhere. This doesn't mean that my life is any more organized, but I think it is, and that's all that matters. I even cross things off my lists on occasion. Nothing gives me more pleasure. I sometimes even put something on a list and cross it off immediately, just to feel that satisfaction. I know that's a form of cheating, but I don't care. It works for me. For the past 30 years, my lists have been on Post-its. What I love about them is that they know their place. Post-its don't wander. The stay put, which is the whole point. (I also stick with Canary Yellow Post-its. Always the traditionalist.)
  • ...1 more annotation...
  • I think it's a better system than using your brain. Your brain can fail you. A Post-it never will. The only time a Post-it will fail is late at night. I can only assume that since the trusty pad hails from Minnesota, it's a sensible product with an early-to-bed mentality. There's a Post-it pad next to my bed so I can record every brilliant thought that might come to me at 3 in the morning. Roll over, write it down, fall back to sleep. SURF! was scribbled on the pad the other morning. I don't have a clue what it means, but obviously it's important. A Post-it never lies.
Chad Amico

Post-it note - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia - 0 views

en.wikipedia.org/...Post-it_note

inventor history notes

shared by Chad Amico on 14 Jan 14 - Cached
  • In 1968, Dr. Spencer Silver, a scientist at 3M in the United States, was attempting to develop a super-strong adhesive, but instead he accidentally created a "low-tack", reusable, pressure-sensitive adhesive[1][2] that has been characterized as "a solution without a problem"
  • Fry then developed the idea by taking advantage of 3M's officially sanctioned "permitted bootlegging" policy.[5] 3M launched the product in stores in 1977 in four cities under the name "Press 'n Peel", but its results were disappointing.[6][7] A year later, in 1978, 3M issued free samples to residents of Boise, Idaho, and 94 percent of the people who tried them said that they would buy the product.[6] On April 6, 1980, the product debuted in US stores as "Post-It Notes".[8] In 1981, Post-its were launched in Canada and Europe.[9]
  • In 2003, the company came out with Post-it Brand Super Sticky notes, with a stronger glue that adheres better to vertical and non-smooth surfaces.[10] Standard Post-it Brand notes have only partial adhesive coating on the back, along one edge.
  • ...4 more annotations...
  • The Yellow Stickee Diary of a Mad Secretary", by Rosa Maria Arenas, is the mini graphic journal of an office worker/artist, exhibited July 7 - August 25, 2013, at the Michigan Institute of Contemporary Art (MICA) Gallery in Lansing, Michigan. The 41 drawings displayed are a tiny percentage of the more than 2000 original drawings that constitute the Yellow Stickee Diary Project which Arenas created while working temp jobs from 1994 to 2005. Printed with archival inks on archival paper, the reproductions include "stickee sized" (3" x 5") framed prints and enlargements of the original drawings (which were all done on post-it notes).
  • Rebecca Murtaugh, a California artist who uses Post-it notes in her artwork, in 2001 created an installation by covering her whole bedroom with $1000 worth of the notes, using the ordinary yellow for objects she saw as having less value and neon colors for more important objects, such as the bed.[10]
  • One such work, by the artist R. B. Kitaj, sold for £640 in an auction, making it the most valuable Post-it note on record.[14]
  • Analogues of Post-it notes have also been used in technology in the form of desktop notes which are computer applications developed to allow users to put virtual notes on their computer desktop. These computerized versions of Post-it notes include 3M's own "Post-it Brand Software Notes", "Stickies" in Mac OS, "Sticky Notes" in Windows,[15] or other non-free applications like ShixxNOTE.[16] Additionally, some web applications have developed Post-it sort notes for online use.
justin creed

Behind the Wings: Fun Facts About Post-it Notes - 0 views

dragonproductionstheatre.blogspot.com/...facts-about-post-it-notes.html

behind fun facts wings history google picture

shared by justin creed on 16 Jan 14 - No Cached
  • There's a bit in Wonderful World that has to do with Post-it Notes so we did some research into this seemingly ubiquitous office product and learned some fun stuff. Here goes, courtesy of the inventor, 3-M.  - The Post-it Note was invented as a solution without a problem: In 1968 Dr. Spencer Silver developed a unique, repositionable adhesive, but the 3M scientist didn't know what to do with his discovery. Early ideas included a sticky bulletin board for temporary messages, or as a low-powered spray adhesive. Silver kept plugging away at the possibilities of this new glue, presenting it individually and during seminars.
  • Then, six years later, a colleague of Dr. Silver, Art Fry, remembered the light adhesive when he was daydreaming about a bookmark that would stay put in his church hymnal. The rest is history. - Post-it Notes were introduced to the American market in 1980 by the 3M Company. 
  • - A Post-it Note weathered a flight from Las Vegas to Minneapolis on the nose of the plane. It endured speeds of 500 mph and temperatures as low as -56 degree Fahrenheit. - In 1989 a family left a Post-it® Note on their front door during Hurricane Hugo and it was there 3 days later. Their trees weren’t. 
justin creed

Made in Kentuckiana: 'Post-it' notes | WHAS11.com Louisville - 0 views

www.whas11.com/...Post-it-notes---191269911.html

notes history picture louisville

shared by justin creed on 13 Jan 14 - No Cached
  • They are more of a staple in offices than staples and they are made right here in Kentuckiana.
  • They are more of a staple in offices than staples and they are made right here in Kentuckiana.
  • But in reality, Post-it notes are made at a 450,000 square foot 3M manufacturing plant in Cynthiana, Kentucky just north of Lexington.
  • ...7 more annotations...
  • Five years later, the company found a place to put that sticky…and it stuck.  Worldwide distribution began in 1980 and since then no one has quite been able to re-create it. 
  • There’s only one other Post-it plant in the world and it’s in France, which supplies Europe.  Every other Post-it note in the world comes from Cynthiana, Kentucky.  It started as a fluke in 1968 when a research scientist working for 3M – a copy machine company then – came up with the famed sticky.
  • “If you look on the back of the package, you’ll see Made in the USA,” Ann Getting, Plant Manager for 3M in Cynthiana said.  “You’ll know it was a 3M Cynthiana product.”
  • “Most people will be within three yards of a 3M product nearly all of the time, day and night,” Getting said.  “And not even know it.”
  • Now 3M makes more than 1,000 Post-it products for more than 150 countries. The original color remains the best-seller and it was a fluke too–the scrap paper that scientist used to test the sticky for the first time just happened to be yellow.
  • “We’ve been successful because of the people in Kentucky,”
  • “That’s the secret of this plant…to change and adapt to meet customer needs. We keep improving so we have a future right here in Cynthiana.” Getty said.
Nathanael Nix

How a Pop-Bottle Invention Resulted in the Cell Phone | Martin Cooper | Big Think - 0 views

bigthink.com/...ion-resulted-in-the-cell-phone

cell phone history inventor cell phone martin cooper MartinCooper cellphone-facts

shared by Nathanael Nix on 15 Jan 14 - No Cached
  • For 100 years, people who wanted to talk to other people were wired to their homes, they were latched – or chained to their desks and really didn’t have much in the way of freedom. That we were, in fact, giving people communications in their vehicles: even then, it’s not much better than being tied to your desk. You’re still trapped in your car. So we found out from people, like the Superintendent of Police in Chicago, who told us that he had a real problem. His officers had to be in communication, the only way they could talk was to be in their cars, and yet the people they were protecting were walking on the streets. He asked us, “How can I have my officers connected and still mingling with the people?” And we discovered this was true of people managing airports, people managing businesses, real estate people. So, we became aware of the fact that real communications is portable communications. Put the device on the person. 
  • I was four years old, lived in Winnipeg, Canada, where it’s very cold in the winter and very hot in the summer. And I look at these boys with a magnifying glass. And they were burning a piece of paper by focusing the rays of the sun onto this paper through a magnifying glass. And I just had to know how that worked. And so I did the obvious thing, I took a soda pop bottle and broke it and tried to make a magnifying glass out of it. And that’s when I realize now, that I had discovered that I was going to be an engineer because I want to know how everything works and I always have. 
  • When I was nine years old, I invented—at least I think I invented—a train that could travel through a tunnel from one end of the country to the other. And what was unique about this train was two things. I had learned about friction, and so we had to get rid of friction. And so I thought, why don’t we support this train on a magnetic field? Because I knew two magnets, when they are close together, force themselves apart. And the second thing is if we’re going to get rid of all friction, we have to get rid of the air. So, this train traveled in a tunnel that was totally evacuated. It was in a vacuum. And amazingly enough, they are just starting to build trains like that, maybe without the vacuum, but with magnetic levitation. So, maybe it wasn’t such a dumb idea after all. 
  • ...2 more annotations...
  • Science has been a part of my life from the time I was four years old... just knowing how things work, having a curiosity. And my curiosity has been limitless and that’s quite a handicap because there are times in your life when you have to specialize. But I literally want to know everything and only in recent years have I finally realized that I’m never going to know everything. In fact, the older I get, and the more stupid I find out that I am. But science, the understanding of how things work, what things are, has been crucially important to me. So, I started out with fantasy; I’ve always loved science fiction. I’ve always known that I was going to be an engineer, so I went to a technical high school so that I could take every kind of shop and learn how to work with my hands, learned about materials, and I always knew that I was going to go to an engineering school and get an engineering degree. 
  • Science can be interesting. Science can be fun. If, in fact, teachers learn how to present science in that way and learn how to make people curious and make it enjoyable, I think more people will get involved. But it’s not important that everybody become a scientist. Everybody doesn’t have to be a mathematician. Make it interesting enough so the people that have that interest, that have that talent do latch onto the wonderful world that will open up if they dig into science and mathematics. The teaching of science, mathematics, of anything—there really is no difference from a game. If you make a game dull, if you make it uninteresting, if you don’t have something that grabs people... then they won’t get interested and they’ll go do something else. So, I don’t see why teaching should be any different than creating games. Creating a curriculum ought to be the same as creating a game. Make it interesting, make it fun, make it a challenge; all of those things. All of the attributes of playing a game are the things that draw people into learning and I think that’s what we ought to do. We ought to somehow coalesce the concept of teaching with the concept of game playing, and we’re going to find that a lot more of our youngsters are going to get interested in learning and specifically about science, mathematics, technology.
  • Nathanael Nix on 15 Jan 14
     
    This is a good website about Martin Cooper and the Cell Phone invention, it even has a pretty nifty video about him.
Chad Amico

Everyday Chemistry - The history and science of Post-it notes - 0 views

humantouchofchemistry.com/nd-science-of-postit-notes.htm

post it notes history

shared by Chad Amico on 14 Jan 14 - No Cached
  • In 1974, a scientist at 3M research laboratories called Stephen Silver was trying to find a new strong adhesive; instead he discovered an adhesive that was not too strong. This new adhesive would stick on all surfaces but could be removed easily without leaving any residue or damage to the surface. Silver had no idea what use he could make of this adhesive.
  • Four years later Art Fry, a colleague of Stephen Silverÿfds came up with the idea to use his ÿfdlow tackÿfd adhesive to stick his bookmark in his hymnal. He then further developed his idea and in 1977, 3M launched Post-it notes nationwide. For some reason the product did not do well as consumers had never tried the product.
  • Everybody uses a Post-it note today to write down something you might forget. You can use Post-its to remind somebody about something or even to remind yourself, as peopleÿfdÿfd generally tend to forget important tasks. In order to remember these tasks, they write what needs to be done on a Post-it and stick it onto a wall or something which they use or see very often. You can stick one in your notebooks for reference later.
  • ...1 more annotation...
  • u get Post-it notes in eight standard sizes, 25 shapes and 62 colours to be precise, which make even artists use them to create colourful fancy designs. There is a Post-it software available for your computer as well, in which you can write your reminders on a Post-it note which will remain on your desktop. Although people may complain that Post-its are too expensive and cause wastage of paper, they will always be popular because of their high utility.
Chad Amico

Art Fry - 0 views

vanessarestrepovelez.blogspot.com

art fry post it notes

shared by Chad Amico on 15 Jan 14 - No Cached
  • Everyone knows what the post- it notes are and  almost everyone use them in their normal life,but these amazing invention was not a planned product. Unlike other inventions no one got the idea and then stayed up many  night trying to make it happen, this was a total mistake.
  • In 1970 a scientist named Spencer Silver was working in the 3M research laboratories.He was working really hard trying to find a super stong adhesive, but instead  he developed an even weaker adhesive than what 3M already had, but he did not threw  it away.4 years passed until Arthur Fry came to the rescue!!!Arthur was singing in the church's choir and he used a paper to remind him his place in the anthom, but the reminder kept falling out of the book. He remembered Silver's adhesive,and he applied it to the paper   and it was a total success because the reminder stayed in place and he could take it out without damaging the pages or the reminder.In 1980 3M began selling  the post it notes.Even though now  you can buy the post it notes of  many colors,sizes and shapes the original ones were a small square in canary yellow color.
  • Arthur Fry was born on august of 1931 in  Minnesota, but  grew up  in a small town in Iowa and later in Kansas City. When Arthur finished school in 1950 he moved back to Minnesota to  the University of Minnesota to study majoring in Chemical Enginneering. In 1953, he began working for 3M in new project development while he was still undergraduate and worked  there until 1990. Now he has 3 children and 5 grandchildren and is very famous for a inventetion of  what is probably the most  important office supply product ever since the paperclip.
  • Chad Amico on 15 Jan 14
     
    BIO AND MORE POST IT NOTES
justin creed

Accidental Invention of The Post-It® Note - 0 views

www.vat19.com/...l-inventions-post-it-notes.cfm

inventor

shared by justin creed on 10 Jan 14 - No Cached
  • In 1968 a 3M scientist developed a reusable adhesive that didn't really stick. The glue he created could hold paper together, but wasn't strong enough to maintain the bond when pulled on. Unfortunately, the scientist was trying to make a super glue. It would take 12 years and a flash of 'eureka' to turn the glue that wouldn't stick into the Post-It Note.
  • While trying to improve the adhesive that 3M used for tape, Silver discovered a less sticky glue. Ordinary adhesives are flat, with a solid contact area for adhesion. It is this unbroken contact that makes glue so sticky. What Silver found was a glue that while quite sticky, could only be formed into individual spheres the thickness of a piece of paper. The spheres would only adhere to things tangentially, thus, the adhesive's total contact area was very small. The result was a tacky, reusable glue that held paper together well. Silver knew he was on to something, but wasn't sure how to market it.
  • In attendance at one of these seminars was a 3M scientist named Arthur Fry. Fry sang in his church choir, and to keep track of the hymns, he tore scraps of paper into strips to make bookmarks. Every Sunday a few would fall out of the hymnal, frustrating Fry. In a moment of 'divine' inspiration, Fry realized that Silver's glue might make the perfect temporary adhesive to hold bookmarks! At work, Fry gathered
  • ...5 more annotations...
  • scraps of paper and Silver's glue, and combined them to make sticky, but removable bookmarks. The bookmarks were popular and handy, but people didn't need more than a few of them.
  • In 1978 a team of 3M marketers flooded Boise, Idaho, showing everyone they could find the wondrous new notes. Post-It Notes were officially released to the public in 1980, and in 1981 they were named 3M's Outstanding New Product. Today there are over 600 products based on the Post-It concept. Arthur Fry is semi-retired from 3M, maintaining a part-time presence as a mentor. Spencer Silver retired in 1996.
  • When it became clear that Post-It Notes were viable in a commercial atmosphere, 3M's marketing went to work.
  • Fry quickly realized that his bookmark had applications as an adhesive note. Fry believed so strongly in his invention that when engineers told him that a machine didn't exist to manufacture the notes, he went home and built just such a machine in his basement. When he couldn't fit it through his basement door, he knocked the wall down. Now he had his manufacturing equipment, and a great product. The only thing he didn't have was the support of senior management at 3M. To overcome this, Fry sent samples of his notes to all the company's executives, who quickly ordered more samples. Management was quickly hooked, and their demand soon outstripped development's production capacity.
    • Chad Amico
      Chad Amico on 13 Jan 14
       
      AMAZING. . . __ 
Chad Amico

Arthur L. Fry Information - 0 views

inventors.findthedata.org/...Arthur-L-Fry

arthur fry information

shared by Chad Amico on 15 Jan 14 - No Cached
  • Most Famous Invention Sticky Post-it note sheets
  • Arthur L. Fry
  • United States
  • ...5 more annotations...
  • Year Inducted into the
  • Inventors Hall of Fame 2010
  • Art Fry was a researcher at 3M he learned the adhesive microspheres that was developed by Spencer Silver. This microspheres were pressure-sensitive, but had a low degree of adhesion. He coated paper with the adhesive and made repositionable notes and thus he created Sticky Post-it note sheets
  • Post-it notes were released to the national market in 1980. In 1981, 3M named Post-it notes its Outstanding New Product. In 1980 and 1981, the Post-it note team received 3M's Golden Step Award, given to teams who create major new products that are significantly profitable. In 2003 the Post-it Note was a central role in a new play titled Inside a Bigger Box that premiered in New York at the 78th Street Theatre Lab
  • Arthur Fry is a retired United States inventor and scientist. He is credited as the co-creator of the Post-it note, an item of office stationery manufactured by 3M. As of 2006, Post-it note products are sold in more than 100 countries. Fry was born in Minnesota, and subsequently lived in Iowa and Kansas City. He received his early education in a one-room rural schoolhouse. During his childhood, he reputedly made his first foray into engineering by building toboggans from scrap lumber. In 1980 and 1981, the Post-it note team received 3M's Golden Step Award
  • Chad Amico on 15 Jan 14
     
    ARTHUR FRY BIOGRAPHY!?
Chad Amico

History - Post-it® - 3M Gulf - 0 views

solutions.3mae.ae/...History

history post it notes Arthur Fry

shared by Chad Amico on 10 Jan 14 - No Cached
  • , Art Fry, another 3M scientist, tires of losing his place in the hymnal. He dreams of a bookmark that's lightly adhesive. Then he remembers Silver's adhesive, and his dream begins to become real.
  • an astonishing 90 percent of consumers who try the product say they'll buy it! 3M managers decide to press on with the product ...  
  • Post-it® Notes are launched across the US - with enormous success
  • ...2 more annotations...
  • It would take approximately 506,880,000 Post-it® Notes to circle the world.
  • Today there are more than 600 Post-it® Products, sold in more than 100 countries. Post-it® Notes are now available in eight standard sizes, 25 shapes and 62 colours.
De Anna Jo Powell

Harry Coover: Student Research Center - powered by EBSCOhost - 0 views

web.ebscohost.com/...detail

inventor superglue Harry Coover

shared by De Anna Jo Powell on 17 Jan 14 - No Cached
  • Harry Coover was the accidental inventor of the household staple Super Glue.
  • discovered the adhesive twice,
  • born in 1917, in Newark, Delaware.
  • ...13 more annotations...
  • studied chemistry at Hobart College and later completed a master's and a PhD in the same subject at Cornell University.
  • working as a young chemist for Eastman Kodak in Rochester, New York, during the Second World War when he first came across Super Glue.
  • very difficult to test as it stuck to everything it touched. After a few abortive attempts to put the compound into moulds, Coover eventually gave up on it.
  • 1951 he was working at Eastman Kodak's laboratory in Tennessee, as part of a team testing compounds to find a heat-resistant polymer for use in aircraft cockpits.
  • destroyed an expensive piece of optical equipment by accidentally bonding its lenses with a drop of cyanoacrylate,
  • He glued together two metal parts and held on to the lower while it was lifted into the air. When he was lowered down, the presenter Barry Moore suggested they both try together.
  • marketing the adhesive as Eastman 910 in 1958
  • "It suddenly struck me that what we had was not a casting material but a super glue,"
  • Eastman 910 was soon being used in a variety of ways, but it quickly became known for its medical applications.
  • glue only really became a commercial success after the patents had expired and several other companies began developing their own versions.
  • especially its medical applications in the Vietnam War, when many medics carried a spray version of the glue to close wounds quickly. "There are lots of soldiers who would have bled to death," he said.
  • Coover worked for Eastman Kodak until he retired as vice president of the chemicals division for development in 1984. He held more than 460 patents.
  • Harry Coover Jr, inventor of Super Glue, was born on March 6, 1917. He died on March 26, 2011, aged 94
  • De Anna Jo Powell on 17 Jan 14
     
    Good information about Harry Coover
Heather Purpera

Scrupuli: Who Invented the CD and the CD-ROM? - 0 views

metaed.blogspot.com/...ho-invented-cd-and-cd-rom.html

inventor history notes

shared by Heather Purpera on 13 Jan 14 - No Cached
    • Heather Purpera
      Heather Purpera on 13 Jan 14
       
      Jul 28, 2000 8:37 PM-James Russell thought of it in 1965 while working for Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, operated by Battelle Memorial Institute for the U. S. Department of Energy. His idea, known as Optical Digital Recording (ODR), was to store information digitally on photosensitive film using a laser to record and to play back. In 1974, for his work on ODR, Russell was honored with an R&D 100 Award. By 1980 he had made the first disk player.
  • For a long time Battelle was unable to interest anyone else in ODR. Eventually Sony and Philips licensed it, established a proprietary ODR format for audio called “Compact Disc” (CD), and delivered a commercial product in 1982, followed in 1985 with a related ODR format for data called CD-ROM. Sony and Philips call these their “inventions”, misleading many into seeing Sony and Philips as visionary. They are often given sole credit for this revolutionary technology. In actuality, their contribution was to bring Russell’s system to market, and only after taking two decades to recognize its value.
  • As you might expect, Sony and Philips have made millions, and Russell himself got nothing.
  • ...6 more annotations...
    • Heather Purpera
      Heather Purpera on 13 Jan 14
       
      Russell got nothing as expected yet Sony and Philips have gotten all the fame and made "millions"!!!
  • Russell invented it Fred Moody: CD-ROM Inventor Strikes Again
  • Sony and Philips co-invented it
  • ment.
  • It is now 14 years since Sony and Philips launched the Compact Disc digital audio format and gave the world its first taste of digital entertain
  • Jul 28, 2000 8:37 PM–James Russell thought of it in 1965 while working for Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, operated by Battelle Memorial Institute for the U. S. Department of Energy. His idea, known as Optical Digital Recording (ODR), was to store information digitally on photosensitive film using a laser to record and to play back. In 1974, for his work on ODR, Russell was honored with an R&D 100 Award. By 1980 he had made the first disk player.
Shelby Tenney

Super Glue was Invented by Accident, Twice - 0 views

www.todayifoundout.com/...was-invented-by-accident-twice

super glue invented by accident

shared by Shelby Tenney on 09 Jan 14 - No Cached
  • Super Glue, also known as cyanoacrylate, was
  • originally discovered in 1942 by Dr. Harry Coover, who by the way died last month on March 26th, 2011
  • Nine years later, in 1951
  • ...8 more annotations...
  • Coover was attempting to make clear plastic gun sights to be put on guns used by Allied soldiers in WWII.  One particular formulation he came up with didn’t work well for gun sights, but worked fantastically as an extremely quick bonding adhesive.  Surprisingly, despite the commercial potential of such a product, Coover abandoned that formulation completely as it obviously wasn’t suitable for his current project, being too sticky.
  • canopies
  • for jet canopies
  • Dr. Coover was the supervisor of a project looking at developing a heat resistant acrylate polymer for jet canopies.
  • Fred Joyner was working on that project and at one point used the rediscovered Super Glue and tested it by spreading ethyl cyanoacrylate between a pair of refractometer prisms.  To his surprise, the prisms became stuck very solidly together.  This time, Coover did not abandoned the cyanoacrylate (Super Glue), rather,  he realized the great potential of a product that would quickly bond to a variety of materials and only needed a little water to activate, which generally is provided in the materials to be bonded themselves.
  • Super Glue was finally put on the market in 1958 by Eastman Kodak and was called the slightly less catchy name of “Eastman #910″, though they later re-named it “Super Glue”.
  • Note: It should be noted here that while Super Glue was originally invented by accident thanks to WWII, it was not, as a popular urban legend tells, accidentally discovered by soldiers in WWII who then subsequently began using it to seal up battle wounds.  Rather, it was discovered as described above and didn’t hit the public market until well after WWII had ended
  • Interestingly though, according to its creator, Dr. Harry Coover, Super Glue actually was used  in the Vietnam War to help close up wounds on soldiers while they were being transported to hospitals to then receive stitches.  Today, a form of cyanoacrylate is often used in place of or in conjunction with traditional sutures.
Nathanael Nix

The FCC Kids Zone - History of Cell Phones - 0 views

transition.fcc.gov/...history_cellphone.html

cell inventor history MartinCooper cooper cell phone cellphone-facts

shared by Nathanael Nix on 14 Jan 14 - No Cached
  • Dr Martin Cooper, is considered the inventor of the first portable handset. Dr. Cooper, former general manager for the systems division at Motorola, and the first person to make a call on a portable cellular phone.
  • Dr. Cooper set up a base station in New York with the first working prototype of a cellular telephone, the Motorola Dyna-Tac. Mr. Cooper and Motorola took the phone technology to New York to show the public.
  • The cellular business was a $3 million market 25 years ago and has grown increasingly to close to a $30 billion per year industry.
  • Nathanael Nix on 14 Jan 14
     
    This is a pretty good website (even though it looks like its for little kids) It tells you about some interesting facts about the cell phone and how it cam to be.
justin creed

4 Interesting Facts About The Post-it Note | - 0 views

blog.neosusa.com/...g-facts-about-the-post-it-note

facts note history notes google picture

shared by justin creed on 15 Jan 14 - No Cached
  • Post-it adhesive was invented in 1968 by Dr Spencer Silver, a research scientist for 3M Company.  He had hoped to use as a spray or to produce a new bulletin board with a sticky surface, but got little interest from management. In 1974 3M Product Development Engineer Arthur Fry was singing in his church choir and his bookmark kept falling out of his hymnal causing him to lose his place.  He had attended a product demonstration by Dr Silver, and got the idea to put the new adhesive on his bookmark and the concept was born. Post-it notes are yellow because the lab next door had some yellow scrap paper that they used in the initial development, and continued using yellow paper. 3M management was not confident the product would be a commercial success.  They initially tested it under the name Press and Peel in 1977, and it did not do well.  A year later they introduced Post-it notes by giving free samples in Boise, Idaho.  The “Boise Blitz” produced a 90% reorder rate which was double the best intial rate 3M had ever seen.  Post-its were officially released throughout the US two years later.
Heather Purpera

Molecular Expressions: History of the Compact Disc - 0 views

micro.magnet.fsu.edu/...cd.html

inventor history notes molecular expressions google compact disc picture

shared by Heather Purpera on 16 Jan 14 - No Cached
  • History of the Compact Disc Starting in the mid 1980's, compact discs (CD) began to take over both the audio and computer program market. Much of this can be attributed to a general acceptance of certain specifications regarding compact discs, known as the "Color Books." Originally designed and developed by both Sony and Phillips, the concept of the Color Books was patented and standards were developed. These are a collection of five books that describe the specifications and standards CD technology follows. This led eventually to the current audio CD technology (Figure 1).
  • The first book, written in 1980, was named the "Red Book" and outlined the specifications regarding CD Digital Audio. This was the common CD used in stereo systems, and was capable of holding up to 99 tracks, for a total of roughly 74 minutes of audio information.
  • The second book was written in 1983 and is known as the "Yellow Book", comprising the basis of the Compact Disc - Read Only Memory (CD-ROM). This became the standard for computer-based compact discs, and meant that any computer system that had a CD-ROM drive, could read this format. It is capable of holding around 650 million bytes of data. CD-R's were developed under the same standards, but the actual CDs were comprised of different material. While the generic CD-ROM discs uses aluminum in their construction, the CD-R discs uses gold, which makes color a distinguishing feature.
  • ...6 more annotations...
  • The third book, known as the "Green Book," covered CD-Interactive technology, is used to synchronize both audio and data tracks on a CD-ROM in order to provide things such as full motion video combined with interactivity. Published in 1986, Phillips Interactive primarily marketed this technology.
  • The fourth, the "Orange Book", is merely an outline for the coming generation of writable CD technology, primarily CD-E. (Compact Disc - Erasable) This is meant to replace, or be used in the same matter as floppy discs, only providing a much larger medium to store data. The technology is available today, but know otherwise as CD-RW. (Compact Disc - ReWritable) Much like a floppy disc or hard drive, data can be written and rewritten to these discs, allowing for a very large yet portable medium of data storage.
  • The last book known as the "White Book," is a plan for the future of compact disc technology. It outlines what is known as video compact discs, and contains the standard of data compression that is used to display large amounts of audio and video on a home computer. This concept more or less morphed into what is now known as DVD (Digital Video Drives,) a technology produced primarily by Sony, Phillips and Toshiba. While not compatible with the standard CD-ROM drives used in computers, it did achieve what the White Book had outlined for the future.
  • While an overview of how compact disc technology developed and became so popular is presented, it fails to explain how the technology works. There are, however, relatively simple processes accounting for how a compact disc is read and how the CD-ROM drive translates that into data your computer can understand. First is the construction of the compact disc. It is built from a layer of polycarbonate plastic, covered in a color-dyed layer of aluminum, and followed by a protective layer of lacquer. Figure 2 shows a cross section of a compact disc, illustrating the different layers and providing a general idea behind its construction.
  • When a compact disc is written to, tiny rivets are made in the surface of the disc called stripes or pits. The areas between these pits are called lands, which together make up a pattern where data is written. From there, a CD-ROM drive uses a read head to interpret these patterns, which is done by focusing a laser beam on the surface of the disc. While the CD is spinning, this laser comes in contact with the lands and pits. If the laser comes in contact with a pit, the light is reflected off in all directions. However, if the light comes in contact with a land, it reflects back into the read head, triggering an electric impulse. Figure 3 illustrates the difference between a land and a pit, and how the light is reflected in each situation.
  • A pattern is developed from these electric impulses, and the CD-ROM drive returns this pattern to the computer as a string of 1s and 0s. This binary or digital data is in turn interpreted by the software controlling the CD-ROM drive, and then translated into something the computer can use, be it an executable program, an image, or a sound file.
Chad Amico

Life-Cycle Studies: Post-it Notes | Worldwatch Institute - 0 views

www.worldwatch.org/6387

post it notes history inventor

shared by Chad Amico on 16 Jan 14 - No Cached
  • They began in 1980, when a St. Paul, Minnesota, choir member's hymnal bookmarks kept falling to the floor. Chorist Arthur Fry, an engineer at chemical company 3M, joined forces with 3M scientist Spencer Silver, inventor of a peculiar adhesive that stuck poorly to surfaces. The glue provided perfect temporary fixes for paper scraps such as hymnal bookmarks
  • One year after 3M officially launched the Post-it Note, the packs of sticky paper raked in more than US$2 million in sales. Post-it Notes - available in 27 sizes, 57 colors, and 20 fragrances
  • In the 1940s, a Belgian chemist mixed carbolic acid and formaldehyde to create the first synthetic adhesive. Post-it Notes use a more recent innovation: Unlike the typical, featureless adhesive surface, the Post-it Note glue coats the notes with bumpy microspheres that limit the sticky area. The adhesive mostly consists of alkyl acrylate, a volatile liquid that dissolves slightly in water and completely in alcohol. More detailed ingredients remain private. The paper used to make Post-it Notes is certified by the Sustainable Forestry Initiative, a system founded by the U.S. paper industry. Although SFI certification ensures that a company has an environmental management system in place, most environmental groups prefer the international non-profit Forest Stewardship Council's more stringent performance-based environmental and social indicators.
Mary Gilliam

The ADVENTISTS - 0 views

www.theadventiststhefilm.com/...johnharveykellogg.html

inventor history notes google

shared by Mary Gilliam on 13 Jan 14 - No Cached
  • The Sanitarium continued to grow in fame until the Great Depression, when economic hardtimes forced Kellogg to sell it. He eventually opened another Sanitarium in Florida, but it never achieved the fame of the Battle Creek Sanitarium.
  •  In 1900 John Harvey Kellogg wrote The Living Temple, his attempt to correlate physiology and health care with St. Paul’s admonission, “Know you not that your body is the temple of the Holy Ghost?” Several Adventist leaders, including Ellen White, disapproved of the book’s theology. There were also disagreements concerning the health mission of the Seventh-day Adventist Church. Kellogg advocated one large, world-famous center while Ellen White urged several smaller centers to spread the health message farther. By 1907, after much arguing and negotiation, Kellogg removed the Battle Creek property from Seventh-day Adventist ownership and was cut off from the church.
  • John Harvey, along with his brother Will, founded Sanitas Food Company in 1897. When Will wanted to add sugar to the Corn Flakes recipe, the brothers argued and fell out. In 1906 Will started his own company, the Battle Creek Toasted Corn Flake Company, which eventually became the Kellogg Company.
  • ...3 more annotations...
  • At its heighth, in 1906, with over 7,000 guests, including 1800 staff members, the Sanitarium became a destination for both wealthy and middle-class American citizens. It drew prominent people like Amelia Earhart, Johnny Weismuller, John D. Rockefeller and Warren Harding. Influential visitors like Mary Todd Lincoln and Sojourner Truth promoted Kellogg’s enthusiasm for health and wellness among the general population. It was nicknamed "The San" by its clients.
  • He promoted the Adventist principles of a low-fat, low-protein diet with an emphasis on whole grains, fiber-rich foods, and, most importantly, nuts. Kellogg also recommended a daily intake of fresh air, exercise, and the importance of hygiene. He offered classes on food preparation for homemakers.
  • In 1876 John Harvey Kellogg (1852 – 1943) became the superintendent of the Western Health Reform Institute. He renamed it the Battle Creek Sanitarium, a word he coined to infer a health-inducing institution. 
  • Mary Gilliam on 13 Jan 14
     
    Good website about John Harvey!
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