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garzat5774

How birds fly | Sciencelearn Hub - 0 views

sciencelearn.org.nz/...How-birds-fly

birds

shared by garzat5774 on 03 Dec 14 - No Cached
  • Birds have many physical features, besides wings, that work together to enable them to fly. They need lightweight, streamlined, rigid structures for flight. The four forces of flight – weight, lift, drag and thrust – affect the flight of birds.
  • Flying birds have: lightweight, smooth feathers – this reduces the forces of weight and drag a beak, instead of heavy, bony jaws and teeth – this reduces the force of weight an enlarged breastbone called a sternum for flight muscle attachment – this helps with the force of thrust light bones – a bird’s bones are basically hollow with air sacs and thin, tiny cross pieces to make bones stronger – this reduces the force of weight a rigid skeleton to provide firm attachments for powerful flight muscles – this helps with the force of thrust a streamlined body – this helps reduce the force of drag wings – these enable the force of lift.
  • WingsThe shape of a bird’s wing is important for producing lift. The increased speed over a curved, larger wing area creates a longer path of air. This means the air is moving more quickly over the top surface of the wing, reducing air pressure on the top of the wing and creating lift. Also, the angle of the wing (tilted) deflects air downwards, causing a reaction force in the opposite direction and creating lift.Larger wings produce greater lift than smaller wings. So smaller-winged birds (and planes) need to fly faster to maintain the same lift as those with larger wings.Wing loading tells you how fast a bird or plane must fly to be able to maintain lift: wing loading = weight/wing area (kilograms per square metre).A smaller wing loading number means the bird/plane can fly more slowly while still maintaining lift and is more manoeuvrable.
  • ...7 more annotations...
  • GlidingWhen a bird is gliding, it doesn’t have to do any work. The wings are held out to the side of the body and do not flap. As the wings move through the air, they are held at a slight angle, which deflects the air downwards and causes a reaction in the opposite direction, which is lift. But there is also drag (air resistance) on the bird’s body, so every now and then, the bird has to tilt forward and go into a slight dive so that it can maintain forward speed.
  • SoaringSoaring flight is a special kind of glide in which the bird flies in a rising air current (called a thermal). Because the air is rising, the bird can maintain its height relative to the ground. The albatross uses this type of soaring to support its multi-year voyages at sea.
  • FlappingBirds’ wings flap with an up-and-down motion. This propels them forward. The entire wingspan has to be at the right angle of attack, which means the wings have to twist (and do so automatically) with each downward stroke to keep aligned with the direction of travel.
  • Birds obtain thrust by using their strong muscles and flapping their wings. Some birds may use gravity (for example, jumping from a tree) to give them forward thrust for flight. Others may use a running take-off from the ground.
  • Different birds have different adaptive features to meet their flight needs: Some birds are small and can manipulate their wings and tail to manoeuvre easily, such as the fantail (pīwakawaka). The hawk, with its large wingspan, is capable of speed and soaring. Gannets and seabirds are streamlined to dive at high speeds into the ocean for fish. Godwits, although small, are equipped to fly long distances.
    • garzat5774
      garzat5774 on 03 Dec 14
       
      birds have some chacteristics that help them fly, birds are light weighted they have light feathers insted of heavy ones that add more weight to their bodys, they also have a beak insted of jaws that also add weight to their boddys, thay have hollow bones in their body that means that the bone has nothing inside it
    • garzat5774
      garzat5774 on 03 Dec 14
       
      birds get ready to fly by flapping their wings, some birds use "gravity" to take of some run and they jump just like an airplane and others jump from a tree and then start flapping their winds
mijares5812

Dynamics of Flight - 0 views

www.grc.nasa.gov/...dynamicsofflight.html

dynamics flight

shared by mijares5812 on 31 Oct 14 - No Cached
  • Airplane wings are shaped to make air move faster over the top of the wing. When air moves faster, the pressure of the air decreases. So the pressure on the top of the wing is less than the pressure on the bottom of the wing. The difference in pressure creates a force on the wing that lifts the wing up into the air.
    • mijares5812
      mijares5812 on 05 Nov 14
       
      the high pressure air bellow the wing pushes the plane up into the sky while the pressure in the top of the Airfoil is low which allows the high pressure to lift the plane up
mijares5812

How can airplanes defy the laws of gravity? - 1 views

answers.yahoo.com/...index

airplanes laws gravity

shared by mijares5812 on 31 Oct 14 - No Cached
  • Aircraft do not defy the law of gravity, they produce a sufficient force to overcome gravity, just as you do if you decide to jump in the air.
  • There are four main forces acting on an aircraft, thrust from the engines, drag on the airframe, gravity pulling down and lift generated by the wings.
  • Once the size of the lift is greater than the weight of the plane then gravity will be overcome and the plane will rise. Once cruising altitude is achieved the lift force is balanced with the weight and the aircraft stays at a constant height.
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  • they don't. they use push (from jets, props, whatever) to make them go fast. then the aerodynamics of the plane helps it float on air (like a sheet of paper dropping). then the flaps on the wings help control if it goes up or down. it would be like taping a balloon to a paper airplane. the plane is what glides through the air and the balloon makes it go.
  • when the airplane moves fast enough, the air rushing below the wing pushes up, generating lift. keep it going fast enough, and the wind would keep it up
    • mijares5812
      mijares5812 on 04 Nov 14
       
      AIRPLANES DONT DEFY THE RULES OF GRAVITY  IT JUST JUMP WITH HIGH SPEED TO THE AIR  AND GLIDE 
    • mijares5812
      mijares5812 on 04 Nov 14
       
      THERE ARE FOUR FORCES ON THE AIRPLANES THE LIFT FROM THE WING THE GRAVITY THAT PULLS IT DOWN THRUST THAT PUSHES IT AT A HIGH SPEED THE THRUST COMES FROM THE ENGINES AND THE DRAG WICH DRAGS THE AIRPLANE
    • mijares5812
      mijares5812 on 04 Nov 14
       
      "THEY DONT THEY PUSH AND GO FAST TO MAKE THEM GO FAST AND THEY JUMP THE AERODYNAMICS HELP IT FLOAT (LIKE A SHEET OF PAPER)" (FROM YAHOO ANSWERS n0that5mart) 1
    • mijares5812
      mijares5812 on 04 Nov 14
       
      When a airplane goes fast enough the air going below the wing lifts the wing up . if it the plane keeps going at that speed the wind would lift it up as it glides
touche5839

How Birds Fly: An In-Depth Journey North Lesson - 0 views

www.learner.org/...FlightLesson.html

flight birds wings

shared by touche5839 on 03 Dec 14 - Cached
  • A bird's center of gravity is the balance point between its two wings and between its head and tail. I
  • To fly well, birds must have most of their weight in their center of gravity, and very little weight in front of or behind it.
  • un into the wind, and the rush of air beneath their wings lifts them up. Others, like puffins and Peregrine Falcons, jump off cliffs and other high perches. Chimney Swifts simply let go of their chimney or other vertical perch, and fall into the air. Hummingbird wingbeats are so powerful that they can go straight up from a perched position without jumping. Songbirds, cranes, and many other species leap up on strong legs while flapping their wings, and there they go.
  • ...1 more annotation...
  • The reason birds can is because of the special shape of their wings. The bones of bird wing are in front, covered with a smooth layer of feathers that taper toward the back.
Eugenio Ferrara

Can penguins fly? - 0 views

oceanservice.noaa.gov/...penguinsfly.html

penguins

shared by Eugenio Ferrara on 31 Oct 14 - No Cached
  • Penguins are birds, so they do have wings. However, the wing structures of penguins are evolved for swimming, rather than flying in the traditional sense. Penguins do “fly” underwater at speeds of up to 15 to 25 miles per hour.
  • As adept swimmers, penguins spend a lot of time in the water. Some penguins spend up to 75 percent of their lives in the water. Like other birds, penguins do lay eggs and they raise their chicks on land.
    • Eugenio Ferrara
      Eugenio Ferrara on 04 Nov 14
       
       all birds have wings such as penguins have wings but they cant fly, most birds use their wings for flying as the penguins, they use them for penguins.  
Eugenio Ferrara

'Mystery' of why penguins can't fly is solved: Their wings are better at swimming - 'an... - 0 views

www.dailymail.co.uk/...swimming--bird-excel-both.html

penguins

shared by Eugenio Ferrara on 03 Nov 14 - No Cached
  • 'Mystery' of why penguins can't fly is solved: Their wings are better at swimming - 'and no bird can excel at both'
  • Eugenio Ferrara on 03 Nov 14
     
    Mystery' of why penguins can't fly is solved: Their wings are better at swimming - 'and no bird can excel at both'
Eugenio Ferrara

Journey North Bald Eagles - 0 views

www.learner.org/...EagleFlightLesson.html

shared by Eugenio Ferrara on 11 Nov 14 - No Cached
    • Eugenio Ferrara
      Eugenio Ferrara on 11 Nov 14
       
      Eagles have very big wings they can carry their big body and some fish.
  • It takes a lot of energy to flap such large wings, just like it's a lot of work running with a large kite until it takes off!
    • Eugenio Ferrara
      Eugenio Ferrara on 11 Nov 14
       
      all eagles have trouble flapping that bi giant wings they need a lot of sterngth and energie 
Eugenio Ferrara

Why can't penguins fly? - Science Questions | HighlightsKids.com - 0 views

www.highlightskids.com/...why-cant-penguins-fly

pinguins

shared by Eugenio Ferrara on 31 Oct 14 - No Cached
  • A penguin’s body isn’t designed to fly. Its wings are too short and stubby. But as you say, they work just fine for swimming. A number of other birds, including the ostrich, can’t fly either
    • Eugenio Ferrara
      Eugenio Ferrara on 04 Nov 14
       
      the penguins wings are designed to swim their are too fat and short for them to fly
    • Eugenio Ferrara
      Eugenio Ferrara on 04 Nov 14
       
      for the penguins swiming and catching fish is more inportant
touche5839

How Do Birds Fly? | ASU - Ask A Biologist - 0 views

askabiologist.asu.edu/how-do-birds-fly

birds fly wings bones sky

shared by touche5839 on 03 Dec 14 - No Cached
  • Birds use their strong breast muscles to flap their wings and give them the thrust to move throught the air and fly. In a way, birds use a swimming motion to get the lift needed to fly.
mijares5812

How planes work | the science of flight - Explain that Stuff - 0 views

www.explainthatstuff.com/howplaneswork.html

flight science planes stuff

shared by mijares5812 on 31 Oct 14 - No Cached
  • If you've ever watched a jet plane taking off or coming in to land, the first thing you'll have noticed is the noise of the engines. Jet engines, which are long metal tubes burning a continuous rush of fuel and air, are far noisier (and far more powerful) than traditional propeller engines. You might think engines are the key to making a plane fly, but you'd be wrong. Things can fly quite happily without engines, as gliders (planes with no engines), paper planes, and indeed gliding birds readily show us.
    • mijares5812
      mijares5812 on 04 Nov 14
       
      when your on a plane and you hear the engine you big and powerful the only way that  we fly well... no a bunch of other types of planes fly without engines Gliders that have no engine and birds they are no machine they just glide
    • mijares5812
      mijares5812 on 04 Nov 14
       
      the real ways airplanes fly are thanks to the 4 forces the lift from the wings the thrust from the engines the gravity and the drag which  drag the plane to a certain direction
Isabel Herrera

FYI: Why Does Some Food Taste Bad To Some People And Good To Others? | Popular Science - 1 views

www.popsci.com/...ad-some-people-and-good-others

popular science taste

shared by Isabel Herrera on 04 Nov 14 - No Cached
  • ARE YOU A SUPERTASTER? To find out, put blue food coloring on your tongue. Blue dye doesn't stick to taste papillae, so if your tongue doesn't get very blue, you're probably a supertaster. The bluer it gets, the greater the chance you are a subtaster. More hot sauce!
    • Isabel Herrera
      Isabel Herrera on 04 Nov 14
       
      If you want to find out if you're a super taster, then simply put food coloring on you tongue. Let's say you put blue food coloring on you're tongue. Blue coloring does not stick to your papillae so if your tongue doesn't get very blue, then you're a super taster but if your tongue gets very blue the you're a sub taster.
  • People who have a lot of papillae—the bumps on our tongue, most of which house our taste buds—often find flavors overwhelming. They're "supertasters," and as such they add cream to their coffee and order food mild instead of spicy. Subtasters, on the other hand, have low papillae density and prefer their chicken wings "atomic."
    • Isabel Herrera
      Isabel Herrera on 04 Nov 14
       
      People who have a lot of papillae normally finds flavors to be a little bit to much, that shows that you're a super taster. But when you're a sub taster you have a very low amount of papillae.  
  • Most toxic plants taste bitter, and nomadic groups that came into contact with a variety of plants would have, over time, developed a variety of receptors. People from malaria-infested parts of the world tend to carry a gene that makes them less sensitive to some bitter compounds, specifically those that contain cyanide.
    • Isabel Herrera
      Isabel Herrera on 05 Nov 14
       
      People in the past, usually get to the point to eat poisonous food. But how will they know if it's poisonous??? Well once they taste it, they will find the taste very bitter. That would usually tell them that it's toxic.
Eugenio Ferrara

Why Did Penguins Stop Flying? The Answer Is Evolutionary - 0 views

news.nationalgeographic.com/...e-flight-diving-swimming-wings

penguins flying

shared by Eugenio Ferrara on 07 Nov 14 - No Cached
    • Eugenio Ferrara
      Eugenio Ferrara on 07 Nov 14
       
       the penguins lost their fly oportunity they could do more things as a swimer
jaime5789

"Missing Links" Found between Birds and Dinosaurs - Scientific American - 0 views

www.scientificamerican.com/...nd-between-birds-and-dinosaurs

shared by jaime5789 on 07 Nov 14 - No Cached
  • "Dinosaurs became ever more 'birdy' over time," Brusatte said, but there was no single missing link, he added. Birds and dinosaurs are like two colors in a rainbow, he said — you can recognize each, but they bleed into each other at their borders.
    • jaime5789
      jaime5789 on 07 Nov 14
       
      Scientists think that dinosaurs and birds were connected, not only because they look alike, but because their blood is identical... 
  • The new pedigree of carnivorous dinosaur evolution is the most comprehensive one ever assembled, the researchers say. The findings show that birdlike features such as wings and feathers developed slowly over tens of millions of years.
    • jaime5789
      jaime5789 on 07 Nov 14
       
      Dinosaurs evolved to birds, and it happened slowly, it took millions of years for dinosaurs to evolve into birds... Even though they were always changing, they grew feathers, then developed flying skills!
  • The label of "bird" is somewhat arbitrary, but scientists consider the feathered fossil Archaeopteryx to be the first of the group, Brusatte said. "What probably distinguishes birds is the ability to have powered flight," he said, though it's possible that other dinosaurs could fly too.
    • jaime5789
      jaime5789 on 07 Nov 14
       
      We predict that  Archaeopteryx a very early bird, that looks like a dinosaur, and lives with the dinosaurs is what made the birds of today fly! 
  • ...1 more annotation...
  • the earliest birds would have been indistinguishable from their closest relatives.
    • jaime5789
      jaime5789 on 07 Nov 14
       
      The earliest birds such as Archaeopteryx were really hard identify because they were so different compared to the birds we have today!
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