September 23. Bin Laden was believed by Pakistani officials to be on the Afghan-Pakistani border. He is said to have been keeping a low profile, with as little as ten men guarding him.
June. Taliban leader Mullah Bakht Mohammed claimed "The latest proof that he is alive is that he sent me a letter of condolences after the martyrdom of my brother. He advised me to follow my brother's path."
This might be very reliable, but to an extent, because: Firstly, this is a primary source, but we are not aware whether what this Taliban leader states is true or not. Secondly, the Taliban leader's brother had sacrificed while fighting for their cause. His brother might have been in the Al Qaeda movement and Osama encourages this Taliban leader, Mullah Bakht Mohammed to follow his brother's footsteps by becoming a member of the Al Qaeda.
July 12, Pakistan's Interior Minister states bin Laden is not in Pakistan. The TimesOnline reports that he is still hiding in Afghanistan; Kunar Province being not far from Tora Bora
2008:
This goes back to the rumors stating that Osama has died somewhere near Tora Bora. This source, Pakistan's Interior Minister states that Osama is not in Pakistan, his hiding place is in Afghanistan somewhere around an area known as Tora Bora.
2009 and 2010 state recent reports of Osama's whereabouts, but might not be very reliable since every source, be it news, reports, primary sources, etc state different locations of Osama's hiding, while some other state he must have died of natural causes, murder or kidney problems.
Blue- Background
Yellow- Yes
Green- No
Pink- Need to read further to get more detail
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January 10, 2008
America's foreign aid programs are controversial
Polls indicate most Americans want the United States to be a generous donor of foreign aid.
Others are concerned that our foreign aid falls far short of the global commitments made in the Millennium Development Goals.
And yet others say Western foreign assistance is focused more on "giving a man a fish" than on "teaching a man to fish."
The full report (215 pages, PDF) is available here.
The State Department budget plus all the foreign aid totals less than $40 billion (which is less than 1.5% of the federal budget). But Defense Department spending for this year, plus maintenance of America's nuclear arsenal, plus the cost of the Iraq and Afghanistan wars
Mr. Obama argued for a slower course, saying, “We are going to want to make sure that we can continue to move towards less emphasis on nuclear weapons,” and, he added, to “make sure that our conventional weapons capability is an effective deterrent in all but the most extreme circumstances.”
“I’m not going to parse that right now,” he said, sitting in his office as children played on the South Lawn of the White House at a daylong Easter egg roll. But he cited the example of North Korea, whose nuclear capabilities were unclear until it conducted a test in 2006, which it followed with a second shortly after Mr. Obama took office.
“I think it’s safe to say that there was a time when North Korea was said to be simply a nuclear-capable state until it kicked out the I.A.E.A. and become a self-professed nuclear state,” he said, referring to the International Atomic Energy Agency. “And so rather than splitting hairs on this, I think that the international community has a strong sense of what it means to pursue civilian nuclear energy for peaceful purposes versus a weaponizing capability.”
g similar noises since the Eisenhower administration, and halting the spread of nukes (if not elimin
The argument that nuclear weapons can be agents of peace as well as destruction rests on two deceptively simple observations.
First, nuclear weapons have not been used since 1945. Second, there's never been a nuclear, or even a nonnuclear, war between two states that possess them.
"We now have 64 years of experience since Hiroshima. It's striking and against all historical precedent that for that substantial period, there has not been any war among nuclear states.
Take war: a country will start a fight only when it's almost certain it can get what it wants at an acceptable price
This source, which is pretty reliable states that scientists are making a STAND that humans are a huge, and most of the contribution for global warming, and are responsible.
climate change research by 13 government agencies.
The document reports that global warming in the first half of the 20th century, estimated at 0.2°C above pre-industrial temperatures, "was likely due to natural climate variation", including increased solar activity.
can only be explained when factors related to human activity
"There's nothing else we can blame it on, really,"
"If we don't put the changes in carbon dioxide into our models, we don't get global warming out."
"Well over 98% of scientists competent in this area would agree with that," he told New Scientist.
"The big question is what effect this will have on climate policy," Janetos told New Scientist.
that would be big news indeed."
Trenberth agrees, saying Bush's policy thus far has been to "take whatever nature throws at us
"Bush has said that if we do something about emissions, it will hurt the economy,"
Others experts have lobbied the government to regulate carbon dioxide through the Clean Air Act.
"This research will help decision makers and managers in the US and other countries evaluate and respond to climate change."
Earth is currently experiencing rapid warming, which the vast majority of climate scientists says is due to humans pumping huge amounts of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. (Get an overview: "Global Warming Fast Facts".)
"ice caps" near Mars's south pole had been diminishing for three summers in a row.
Astronomical Observatory in Russia, says the Mars data is evidence that the current global warming on Earth is being caused by changes in the sun.
Abdussamatov believes that changes in the sun's heat output can account for almost all the climate changes we see on both planets
ice ages throughout their histories.
"Man-made greenhouse warming has made a small contribution to the warming seen on Earth in recent years, but it cannot compete with the increase in solar irradiance," Abdussamatov said.
Abdussamatov believes he can see a pattern that fits with the ups and downs in climate we see on Earth and Mars.
has not been well received by other climate scientists.
Global Warming "Very Likely" Caused by Humans, World Climate Experts Say
Global warming is here, it's human-caused, and it will continue for
centuries even if greenhouse-gas emissions are stabilized, an
international panel of climate experts said in a report issued today.
The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)
Fossil fuel use, agriculture, and land-use change are fundamentally affecting the systems on our planet," Achim Steiner
reach unanimous agreement on the wording of each sentence in the 20-page summary for policymakers.
"Most of the observed increase in globally averaged temperature since the mid-20th century is very likely due to the observed increase in anthropogenic [human-caused]
The phrase "very likely" translates to a 90 percent probability
In 2001 the panel concluded humans were "likely," or with 66 percent probability
Each time they've used a more explicit statement about the human contribution
dies the threat of global climate change, said the report will cause some people to "be somewhat more concerned"
but doubted it would be
would be
"revolutionary" in spurring action to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
the term
greenhouse warming
to describe the current warming of the earth.
"The
concern is that we human beings are modifying that greenhouse effect by
adding to the atmosphere gases that increase the natural abundance of
these so-called gases. . . .
burning fossil fuel
(coal and oil and natural gas), which releases carbon dioxide
Over time, pressure and heat from the earth compacted the
material into layers of sedimentary rock.
Coal is a fossil fuel
1000
B
.
C
.,
Industrial Revolution its use began to soar.
was found to be both plentiful and cheap,
where it was believed the pollutants would disperse without
harm."
16
All fossil fuels release carbon whenever they are burned, but coal has a
much higher carbon content than either oil or gas.
The other two fossil fuels, oil and natural gas, are also used to produce
electricity, but not as often as coal. Oil and gas are primarily used to
heat homes and factories, as well as fuel all forms of transportation from
buses to ships and motorcycles to airplanes.
Carbon dioxide is a colorless, odorless gas that is naturally present in
the atmosphere, but only in tiny amounts.
oxygen and nitrogen
comprise about 99 percent of atmospheric gases
carbon dioxide is only a
trace gas, it is essential for life.
the late 1800's. A majority of climatologists have concluded that human activities are responsible for most of the warming. Human activities contribute to global warming by enhancing Earth's natural greenhouse effect.
The greenhouse effect warms Earth's surface through a complex process involving sunlight, gases, and particles in the atmosphere. Gases that trap heat in the atmosphere are known as greenhouse gases.
Climatologists (scientists who study climate) have analyzed the global warming that has occurred since
human activities that contribute to global warming
burning of fossil fuels (coal, oil, and natural gas)
clearing of land.
reates carbon dioxide, whose chemical formula is CO2. CO2 is a greenhouse gas that slows the escape of heat into space. Trees and other plants remove CO2 from the air during photosynthesis, the process they use to produce food.
VERY RELIABLE SOURCE
Talks about Global Warming in General, the impact of it, the causes of it, it mentions my argument, how Humans are mainly responsible, and other very important details.
KOREA (North)Abstract:The small yields of Pyongyang's 2006 and 2009 nuclear tests have left analysts wondering how the North designed its devices. One preeminent Chinese expert has a worrisome