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Kenuvis Romero

Psilocybin (magic mushrooms) - 0 views

flipper.diff.org/...4384

shared by Kenuvis Romero on 23 Jun 13 - No Cached
  • The biosinthetic path that allow Psilocybin to be produced by mushrooms is as follow:
  • The several analogyes with triptophan aminoacid, with whom psilocybin has common origines are probably at the base of psilocybin ability to induced psychedelich alteration on humans.
  • Amino acids, including tryptophan, act as building blocks in protein biosynthesis. In addition, tryptophan functions as a biochemical precursor for many compounds like serotonin Serotonin (a neurotransmitter), synthesized via tryptophan hydroxylase. Serotonin, in turn, can be converted to melatonin (a neurohormone), via N-acetyltransferase and 5-hydroxyindole-O-methyltransferase activities
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  • it's been noticed that psilocyn can indirectly raise dopamine concentration withing the basal ganglia.
  • Almost 50% of oral psilocybin is absorbed by stomach and gut; from here is lead to liver, where it's converted in psilocin, pharmacologically active form, that can furtherly be glucoronated and escreted with urine or converted in other psilocinics metabolites.
  • In rats, the median lethal dose (LD50) when administered orally is 280 milligrams per kilogram (mg/kg), approximately one and a half times that of caffeine. When administered intravenously in rabbits, psilocybin's LD50 is approximately 12.5 mg/kg
  • traces of the compund can be detected in unine even after 7 days.
  • Clinical studies show that psilocin concentrations in the plasma of adults average about 8 µg/liter within 2 hours after ingestion of a single 15 mg oral psilocybin dose; psychological effects occur with a blood plasma concentration of 4–6 µg/liter. Psilocybin is about 100 times less potent than LSD on a weight per weight basis, and the physiological effects last about half as long.
  • Within 24 hours from administration 65% of the alucinogen is escreted by urine, while another 15-20% is excreted by bile and feces.
  • Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOI) have been known to prolong and enhance the effects of psilocybin. Alcohol consumption may enhance the effects of psilocybin, because acetaldehyde, one of the primary breakdown metabolites of consumed alcohol, reacts with biogenic amines present in the body to produce MAOIs related to tetrahydroisoquinoline and β-carboline. Tobacco smokers can also experience more powerful effects with psilocybin, because tobacco smoke exposure decreases levels of MAO in the brain and peripheral organs.
  • This could lead to a lower usage o f glucose, but the same study admitted an increase glucose usage by the whole brain cell, meaning a differente use of this sugar while the drug is having effects.
  • use of MRI (functional magnetic resounance) showed that the decresed blood flow associate with decreasing in neural activity. A simple explanation for this unexpected situation could be the serotoning agonist action of psilocybin, action that seems to be focused more on 5-HT receptors than on 5-HT2A.
  • psilocibyn is able to act as a 5-HT agonist binding directly its receptors.
  • augmented glucose consumption in several brain regions; this lead to the conclusion that psilocybin is some way able to modify the physiological glucosal metabolic rate of our body
  • The strong inibition of the PCC is now thought to be most significant action of psilocybin on neural disaccoppiation
    • Kenuvis Romero
      Kenuvis Romero on 23 Jun 13
       
      Lower brain glucose metabolism is linked with increased capacity for working memory.
  • Psilocybin comprises approximately 1% of the weight of Psilocybe cubensis mushrooms, and so nearly 1.7 kilograms (3.7 lb) of dried mushrooms, or 17 kilograms (37 lb) of fresh mushrooms, would be required for a 60-kilogram (130 lb) person to reach the 280 mg/kg LD50 value.
  • psilocybin can cause anxiety and increased heart rate and BP which is very counter- productive for someone on metoprolol and micardis.
  • propose the possibility to use psilocybin as a palliative therapy for terminal illness like cancer but also as a real antidepressive active principle available for the family of the patient. The rational is foundable in the fact that we usually administer SSRI as antidepressive agents, so psilocibyn sholud be useful in this purpose for its selective agonist action on 5-HT2A receptors
Martin Burrett

Study finds bullying among adolescents hurts both the victims and the perpetrators - 5 views

ukedchat.com/...bullying-hurts

bullying

shared by Martin Burrett on 03 Jun 19 - No Cached
  • Martin Burrett on 03 Jun 19
     
    "Name-calling, hair pulling or cyberbullying: About a tenth of adolescents across the globe have been the victim of psychological or physical violence from classmates at least once in their lives. A new study carried out by researchers at Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg (MLU) has shown that victims and their perpetrators both suffer as a result of these attacks: They are more inclined to consume alcohol and tobacco, are more likely to complain of psychosomatic problems and their chances of having problems with their social environment increase, too. In the scientific journal "Children and Youth Services Review", the researchers plead for prevention programmes to place more emphasis on cohesion within the classroom."
Martin Burrett

Teens are growing up more slowly today than they did in past decades - 15 views

ukedchat.com/...teens-growing-slowly

research

shared by Martin Burrett on 22 Nov 17 - No Cached
  • Martin Burrett on 22 Nov 17
     
    "Many people believe that teenagers today grow up faster than they used to, while others argue that today's youth are growing up more slowly, perhaps due to overprotection by their parents. A new study explored this issue by examining how often teens in recent years (compared to teens in previous decades) engaged in adult activities such as drinking alcohol, working, driving, or having sex. The study found that today's adolescents are less likely than their predecessors to take part in activities typically undertaken by adults."
Bill Kuykendall

Your Brain on Computers - Attached to Technology and Paying a Price - NYTimes.com - 55 views

www.nytimes.com/...07brain.html

shared by Bill Kuykendall on 08 Jun 10 - Cached
  • Scientists say juggling e-mail, phone calls and other incoming information can change how people think and behave. They say our ability to focus is being undermined by bursts of information. These play to a primitive impulse to respond to immediate opportunities and threats. The stimulation provokes excitement — a dopamine squirt — that researchers say can be addictive. In its absence, people feel bored.
  • “The technology is rewiring our brains,” said Nora Volkow, director of the National Institute of Drug Abuse and one of the world’s leading brain scientists. She and other researchers compare the lure of digital stimulation less to that of drugs and alcohol than to food and sex, which are essential but counterproductive in excess.
  • While many people say multitasking makes them more productive, research shows otherwise. Heavy multitaskers actually have more trouble focusing and shutting out irrelevant information, scientists say, and they experience more stress.
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  • The nonstop interactivity is one of the most significant shifts ever in the human environment,
psaunders

www.AllAboutGermany.NET | Moving to Germany | Visiting Germany | Living and W... - 19 views

www.allaboutgermany.net/...gentrification-berlin

shared by psaunders on 03 Apr 11 - No Cached
    • psaunders
      psaunders on 03 Apr 11
       
      Wouldn't it be better to start with this anecdote. It's got real impact. As it is, it's buried too far down and there's too much tame scene setting to start with. 
  • There’s a sort of proletarian parochialism to be found in Berlin
  • the parochial attitude of many western Berliners towards eastern Berlin
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  • I’ve been to parties and social gatherings there many times where one set of people stay at one end of the room and another -- the newcomers -- at the other end.
  • Gentrification in Berlin has now started to make itself felt in staunchly working class and immigrant Neukoelln
  • A video has recently appeared on YouTube about the phenomena of gentrification in Neukoelln
  • t that time I also had the pleasure of viewing a tiny, squalid, almost windowless one roomed apartment that had just become free for letting in Neukoelln. It had until very recently been previously occupied by a mentally disturbed alcoholic whom the police had found dead drunk on the street a few blocks further down. When the police entered his apartment they found a large collection of knives, hammers, baseball bats, knuckle-dusters, axes and other weapons scattered around the flat. When I visited the now empty apartment, these items were all still laid out on the kitchen table awaiting their removal by the police. Apparently the apartment had also by necessity just been fumigated. Needless to say, I declined to take up a rental contract with the agent for that particular property.
  • can understand some of the points he makes about the superficiality of the hipsters with their “Starbucks standards and expectations” and how they just want to party for a few years before moving on again somewhere else. But I don’t entirely agree with his point of view. Berlin needs newcomers, it needs new creativity and new enterprise. It can’t afford to stagnate and just remain a working class city in a city with little for the working class to do anymore. I find this hostility towards “Aerzte, Architekten und Anwaelte” rather parochial and narrow-minded. Why be against these people? Because they are doing well for themselves? What are they supposed to do? Sweep the streets or draw Stuetze (unemployment benefit)?
  • funny rant, critical of the newcomers and their standardized Latte Macchiato attitudes.  The video was also featured on Dutch TV recently.
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