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Casey Finnerty

Panel Recommends HPV Vaccine for Boys and Young Men - NYTimes.com - 0 views

www.nytimes.com/...26vaccine.html

microbiology HPV vaccination virology

shared by Casey Finnerty on 29 Aug 12 - No Cached
  • HPV infection is the most common sexually transmitted disease — between 75 percent and 80 percent of females and males in the United States will be infected at some point in their lives. Most will overcome the infection with no ill effects. But in some people, infections lead to cellular changes that cause warts or cancer, including cervical, vaginal and vulvar cancers in women and anal cancers in men and women. A growing body of evidence suggests that HPV also causes throat cancers in men and women as a result of oral sex. HPV infections cause about 15,000 cancers in women and 7,000 cancers in men each year. And while cervical cancer rates have plunged over the past four decades because of widespread screening, anal cancer rates in men and women have been increasing. Head and neck cancers have also been increasing, with the share associated with HPV infection increasing rapidly — perhaps because oral sex has increased in popularity.
Haram LEE

BMC Cancer | Full text | Oncolytic Targeting of Androgen-sensitive Prostate Tumor by th... - 4 views

www.biomedcentral.com/...43

vriology Oncolytic virotherapy RSV

shared by Haram LEE on 27 Sep 12 - No Cached
Trevor F liked it
  • Haram LEE on 27 Sep 12
     
    Oncolytic virotherapy for cancer treatment utilizes viruses for selective infection and death of cancer cells without any adverse effect on normal cells. We previously reported that the human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a novel oncolytic virus against androgen-independent PC-3 human prostate cancer cells.
  • ...2 more comments...
  • Haram LEE on 27 Sep 12
     
    Is there any other virus can using for Oncolytic virotherapy? - Oncolytic viruses identified to date are: adenovirus, reovirus, herpes simplex virus (HSV), Newcastle disease virus (NDV), vaccinia virus, myxoma virus, influenza virus, measles virus, coxsackievirus and vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) (Anticancer oncolytic activity of respiratory syncytial virus., http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Anti-cancer%20oncolytic%20activity%20of%20respiratory%20syncytial%20virus)
  • Haram LEE on 27 Sep 12
     
    Why also using xenograft, not only for cell-culture method? - A human prostate tumor xenograft model (30) was used to examine the oncolytic function of RSV in vivo (Figure 2). -We also investigated the efficacy of intraperitoneally (I.P) delivered RSV for causing tumor regression and determined that intraperitoneally injected RSV also rendered significant reduction in the tumor growth compared to the growth of control, medium-treated tumors (Figure 2c). The significant tumor regression by intraperitoneally delivered RSV is shown in Figure 2d. Similar results were obtained with tumors grown in the dorsal flank (Supplementary Figure S2). Therefore, the RSV-responsive restriction of tumor growth at two sites (ear and flank) demonstrates the versatility of RSV in conferring oncolysis in vivo at different anatomical regions. (Anticancer oncolytic activity of respiratory syncytial virus., http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Anti-cancer%20oncolytic%20activity%20of%20respiratory%20syncytial%20virus)
  • Haram LEE on 27 Sep 12
     
    How Oncolytic virus control the inflammation? - Oncolytic virus treatment induced at least a twofold increase or decrease in the expression of 50 genes relative to expression in the PBS-treated tumors (Supplementary Table 1, available online). Of these 50 genes, 48 displayed an increase in expression in the oncolytic virus - treated tumors compared with the controltreated tumors, suggesting that oncolytic virus treatment induced an inflammatory response - To confirm the role of the immune response in oncolytic virus - induced vascular hyperpermeability, we evaluated changes in oncolytic virus - induced vascular leakage in tumor-bearing rats that had been treated with cyclophosphamide before oncolytic virus injection. In addition to its immunosuppressive effects, cyclophosphamide blocks infl ammation and reduces viral clearance, both of which increase the propagation of oncolytic viruses, thereby enhancing therapeutic effi cacy of oncolytic viruses. (Effect of Tumor Microenvironment Modulation on the Efficacy of Oncolytic Virus Therapy, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Effect%20of%20Tumor%20Microenvironment%20Modulation%20on%20the%20Efficacy%20of%20Oncolytic%20Virus%20Therapy)
  • Haram LEE on 27 Sep 12
Sarah Muncy

A Breakthrough Against Leukemia Using Altered T-Cells - NYTimes.com - 1 views

www.nytimes.com/...mia-using-altered-t-cells.html

virology cancer immunology microbiology

shared by Sarah Muncy on 10 Dec 12 - No Cached
  • To perform the treatment, doctors remove millions of the patient’s T-cells — a type of white blood cell — and insert new genes that enable the T-cells to kill cancer cells. The technique employs a disabled form of H.I.V. because it is very good at carrying genetic material into T-cells. The new genes program the T-cells to attack B-cells, a normal part of the immune system that turn malignant in leukemia.
  • The T-cells home in on a protein called CD-19 that is found on the surface of most B-cells
  • cytokine-release syndrome, or cytokine storm
  • ...5 more annotations...
  • Dr. June knew that a drug could lower IL-6
  • tocilizumab
  • the altered T-cells persist in the bloodstream
  • The researchers are not entirely sure why the treatment works, or why it sometimes fails.
  • It is not clear whether a patient’s body needs the altered T-cells forever. The cells do have a drawback: they destroy healthy B-cells as well as cancerous ones, leaving patients vulnerable to certain types of infections, so Emma and the other patients need regular treatments with immune globulins to prevent illness.
    • Sarah Muncy
      Sarah Muncy on 12 Dec 12
       
      I was wondering when they'd get to the consequences of killing off the B cells- that's huge.
  • Sarah Muncy on 12 Dec 12
     
    That's so funny- I just saw the update email and Dr. Finnerty also saw this topic (a different article) and posted it, too!)
Matthew Marshall

Viral carcinogenesis: revelation of molecular mechanisms and etiology of human disease - 0 views

carcin.oxfordjournals.org/...405.full

Joseph DeRisi Viral Oncogenesis Oncovirus

shared by Matthew Marshall on 27 Nov 12 - Cached
  • Matthew Marshall on 27 Nov 12
     
    Research subsequent to Dr. Joseph DeRisi's lecture The Virus Hunter's Toolkit, pertaining to investigation of his comment "about 15% of cancers are caused by viruses."
Haram LEE

Oncolytic Virus-Mediated Manipulation of DNA Damage Responses: Synergy With Chemotherap... - 0 views

jnci.oxfordjournals.org/...42.short

virology Oncolytic Virus DNA Damage Responses

shared by Haram LEE on 11 Sep 12 - No Cached
  • Haram LEE on 11 Sep 12
     
    There is a new scientific discovery about the "oncolytic virus" which means attack a tumor. That discovery said that RSV-respiratory syncytial virus- is an oncolytic virus which can attack cancer tumor selectively. But, that paper has not published yet, so i find a paper about the oncolytic virus.
  • Haram LEE on 11 Sep 12
     
    http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0002917 is also Oncolytic Virus. Title : Systemic Therapy for Cervical Cancer with Potentially Regulatable Oncolytic Adenoviruses
  • Sarah Muncy on 17 Sep 12
     
    It's really cool to think that we're spending all this time and money on nanotechnology in the medical field, when we already have biological nanotechnology at our fingertips-- if we can learn to use them (viruses) anyway. Perhaps in 100 years a virion will refer to a virus that can heal a cell vs. infect it.
Casey Finnerty

Research - A Neuro-Oncology Laboratory at Northwestern University in Chicago - 1 views

www.lesniaklab.com/research.html

virotherapy

shared by Casey Finnerty on 12 Oct 16 - No Cached
  • Most adenoviruses that have been historically used for gene therapy have been based on serotype 5 (AdWT). Unfortunately, expression of the primary receptor for Ad5 (the coxsackie-adenovirus receptor, CAR) is highly variable on cancer cells. In fact, several studies have demonstrated a resistance of malignant glioma to adenoviral vectors, a finding that was subsequently attributed to the quantitative deficiency of CAR on brain tumor cells.
  • First, we tested a variety of tumor specific promoters and identified survivin (S) as an excellent tumor specific promoter for transcriptional control of E1a, a gene essential for CRAd replication (J Neurosurg 104:583, 2006; Cancer Biol Ther 6:679, 2007).
  • Based on the above date data, we then created a novel oncolytic adenoviral vector which utilizes the survivin promoter and binds to heparan sulfate proteoglycans expressed on malignant brain tumors and named this new vector CRAd-S-pk7 (Hum Gene Ther 18:589, 2007).
    • Casey Finnerty
      Casey Finnerty on 12 Oct 16
       
      How specific is the binding/tropism? HS is fairly widespread throughout the body.
  • ...6 more annotations...
  • Second, we have identified several receptors that are over-expressed on brain tumor cells and created a series of pseudotyped Ad5 vectors that recognize these receptors
  • Our studies with CRAd-S-pk7 indicate that the virus provides the highest level of viral replication and tumor oncolysis in glioma cell lines. At the same time, we observed minimal viral replication and toxicity in normal human brain. Injection of CRAd-S-pk7 inhibited xenograft brain tumor growth by more than 300%.
  • We were the first group in the country to show that human mesenchymal stem cells can be effectively loaded with a replication competent virus and effectively deliver it to an experimental glioma model
  • When oncolytic vectors are loaded onto stem cells, the virus effectively "hides" from the immune system for an extended period of time. The ability of stem cells to suppress the anti-viral immune response in a permissive and tumor-bearing animal model is the subject of one of our latest manuscript
  • Finally, to further enhance the therapeutic efficacy of stem cells, we have optimized them to specifically traffic to intracranial tumors via genetic modification with single-chain antibodies against antigens expressed on gliomas
  • Our latest work in this area supports the development of neural stem cell based cell carriers for oncolytic virotherapy
Sarah Muncy

The HIV Virus: A Possible Cure for Leukemia? | Yahoo! Health - 0 views

health.yahoo.net/...v-virus-possible-cure-leukemia

shared by Sarah Muncy on 12 Dec 12 - No Cached
  • It's important to note that the T-cells are removed from the patient before being bioengineered with the HIV virus
    • Sarah Muncy
      Sarah Muncy on 12 Dec 12
       
      Why is it important to note that the disabled virus isn't injected into the patient? It's function isn't like chemotherapy at all- why even make the comparison?
    • Sarah Muncy
      Sarah Muncy on 12 Dec 12
       
      Is there some reason they use T cells only? Are they trying to target T cells, but not dendritic cells or macrophages?
  • therapies that involve the reprogramming of a patient’s immune system, may also eventually be used to fight cancerous breast and prostate tumors.
    • Sarah Muncy
      Sarah Muncy on 12 Dec 12
       
      What about lupus, or even allergies for that matter?
  • ...1 more annotation...
  • Within hours
    • Sarah Muncy
      Sarah Muncy on 12 Dec 12
       
      Within hours?!
  • Sarah Muncy on 12 Dec 12
     
    Whoa. If someone is doing HIV- this may be helpful. The virus is being used as a delivery device for genetics to reprogram lymphocytes. They're like biological nanorobots.
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