An analysis of clam shells and volcanic rocks from an Italian cave shows that Neanderthals collected shells and pumice from beaches. And due to specific indicators on some of the shells, the researchers also believe Neanderthals waded and dove into the ocean to retrieve shells, meaning they may have been able to swim.

It's fortunate that the shells, as well as the volcanic rock called pumice, were retrieved from the cave and stored at the Italian Institute of Human Paleontology because the cave itself is no longer accessible. Blasting for coastal highway construction buried the cave in the early 1970s.

Shell tools for Neanderthals are rare, and only a few examples of them have been discovered. The majority of tools associated with Neanderthals involve stone spear tips and stone hammers. But there was even less evidence prior to this study that Neanderthals living in Western Europe dove underwater. The study published Wednesday in the journal PLOS.

Elizabeth Warren sought to "raise a concern" with Bernie Sanders during a tense onstage discussion immediately following Tuesday night's debate, according to Sanders campaign manager Faiz Shakir.

And on Monday, Warren said Sanders told her during a private 2018 meeting that a woman could not win the presidency. Sanders has repeatedly denied having made any such comment while Warren has held firm in saying that he did -- and that she "disagreed."Read MoreThe only witness within earshot of the post-debate conversation was fellow candidate Tom Steyer, who told reporters afterward that he did not hear what the two were discussing and -- sensing what he described as an "awkward moment" -- sought to get out of the way.

"Anybody who knows me, knows that it's incomprehensible that I would think that a woman could not be president to the United States," he said. "Go to YouTube today. They have some video of me 30 years ago talking about how a woman could become president of the United States."

Was editor-in-chief of the Georgetown Law Journal.Powell is the first chairman in 40 years not to hold a Ph.D. in economics.Avid cyclist who has been known to ride his bike to work at the Fed.

Democratic Rep. Annie Kuster of New Hampshire has endorsed Pete Buttigieg for president, giving the former mayor a significant endorsement weeks before her state's first-in-the-nation primary.

"With our country so consumed by division, @PeteButtigieg is the leader who can finally turn the page on the Trump presidency and bring our nation together," Kuster tweeted Wednesday. "He has the courage to break from the past to lead us to a better future -- I'm excited to endorse him to be our next president."

"From working to tackle the opioid epidemic and increasing access to health care to honoring our pledge to our veterans and their families when they return home, Rep. Kuster has spent her career delivering results for New Hampshire families," Buttigieg said. "At a time of so much dysfunction in Washington, Rep. Kuster has brought Americans together to improve the lives of her constituents. She represents the best of our politics and I'm honored to have her serve as our co-chair."

The House of Representatives sent the articles of impeachment over to the Senate Wednesday evening. There was a signing ceremony -- known as the "engrossment ceremony" -- a march across the Capitol building and a bit of legislative theater. It was interesting to watch. Read more on the historic day.What's next

The impeachment trial of Donald John Trump has felt like a foregone conclusion since the inquiry wrapped up in November. Amid all the procedural drama, the facts of what Trump's allies did on his behalf in Ukraine, which the Democrats chose not to pursue in full before impeaching him in the interest of speeding to a conclusion, were almost forgotten.

That's not at all clear. This is not Trump texting about Yovanovitch's whereabouts. But it is certainly a US ambassador, supposed to be under Trump's protection, being watched by people working on the President's behalf. It is, to say the least, disturbing and indicative of the murky and paranoid world where he's comfortable, where congressional candidates act like third-rate spies and answer up to the businessman who is working with the President's personal attorney.

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But the level of not-knowing-what-the-hell-is-going-to-happen is much higher in this race than any we've seen in modern memory. Just four in 10 Iowa Democrats said they were locked in on their candidate choice in a CNN/Des Moines Register poll earlier this month. That's significantly lower than the 59% who said they had made up their minds about a candidate at the same time in 2016.

5. Amy Klobuchar: The Minnesota senator wanted (needed?) a star turn at the debate earlier this week in Iowa to close the gap between herself and the four top candidates in Iowa.

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Massachusetts Sen. Elizabeth Warren is done talking about her back-and-forth -- in which each candidate said the other called them a liar -- with Vermont Sen. Bernie Sanders after the seventh presidential debate Tuesday night in Iowa.

As the first primaries and caucuses of 2020 approach, the race for the Democratic nomination is shaping up to be a three-way primary between Joe Biden, Bernie Sanders and Elizabeth Warren. This means the progressive wing of the Democratic Party is going toe-to-toe with the centrist wing of the party, whose policies are less intrusive to entrenched corporate power. The most certain way to ensure the corporate wing wins is for the progressive wing to fracture.

According to FiveThirtyEight's most recent assessment of which candidate is most likely to win the nomination, Biden comes out in front, with the data model giving him a 40%chance of winning outright and predicting he'll receive, on average, over 1,500 pledged delegates. Sen. Sanders has a 23% chance of winning outright, with the model. F forecasting an average of over 1,000 pledged delegates, and Sen. Warren has a 13% chance, with around 700.

Nominating Biden could very well lead to four more years of President Trump, given his lack of a robust volunteer base. As the Philadelphia Inquirer noted in October, debate watch parties organized by Biden's campaign were sparsely attended. The Biden campaign's impotent efforts in Iowa were well-documented by The New York Times in November, with one county Democratic Party chair calling the unscripted portions of his speeches "unfocused and less energetic."

Here's how it happened: Steyer, a wealthy businessman who is self-funding his bid for the Democratic nomination, had just finished up debating with five of his rivals. What better way to cap the night than say your goodbyes to your new friends, right? Mind as well stroll over to Elizabeth Warren and Bernie Sanders having a little chat- OH WAIT OH MY GOD NO.

As Sanders and Warren each accused the other of calling them a liar, there's good ole Tom Steyer just kind of standing there. Awkwardly. Actually, "awkwardly" doesn't capture it. What does capture it? Maybe this: You go out to dinner with a married couple you're friends with. As you walk up to the table, they are just finishing up a VERY heated argument. Cue loud chair scraping as you sit down and say: "I don't want to get in the middle. I just want to say hi, Bernie."

Oh wait. That's actually exactly what Steyer said in an attempt to extricate himself from the world's most uncomfortable situation. Which honestly isn't all that bad given that he was coming up with it on the fly and had to be flustered by the whole you're-a-liar-no-you're-the-liar thing he was witnessing play out between Sanders and Warren. Sanders, because he is Sanders and also because he was likely somewhat flustered by the Warren confrontation, offered Steyer this: "Yeah, good, OK." Oomph.

Since none of the assembled 99 senators* felt like spending the weekend in jail, they did as they were told and kept mum at their desks.

The archaic machinery of the US Senate has swung into action for President Donald Trump's impeachment trial. The chamber thinks it is the world's greatest deliberative body, so there'll be none of the tomfoolery seen during the House impeachment process. "The weight of history, the eyes of history, you feel it, are upon you," said Senate Minority Leader Chuck Schumer, a New York Democrat.

When the trial begins in earnest next week, this ordinarily backslapping, garrulous bunch will be constrained by strict rules: Six days a week, for up to eight hours a day, they must sit at their desks and watch the trial unfold. Phones, other electronic devices, magazines and newspapers are forbidden. So is speaking to seatmates. This is especially inconvenient for Senators Bernie Sanders of Vermont, Amy Klobuchar of Minnesota and Elizabeth Warren of Massachusetts, three top-tier presidential candidates who'd rather be rallying support in Iowa, where voting begins in less than three weeks.

The fireworks between Elizabeth Warren and Bernie Sanders after the CNN debate on Tuesday night took me back to another heated confrontation between presidential candidates I witnessed, not in public but on an airport tarmac in Washington, DC.

Later, we learned that Clinton had proffered the expected apology and disclaimer. But when Obama raised other actions by her campaign he felt were out of bounds, Clinton became incensed and disgorged her own litany of complaints about our campaign tactics.

Obama and Clinton were friends before the campaign of 2008. They would be allies after. Indeed, President Obama would appoint Clinton as his secretary of state.

White House press secretary Stephanie Grisham accused Democrats of waiting to send articles of impeachment to the Senate in order to help certain Democratic candidates for president, according to an interview she did with Fox Business.

Buttigieg embarked on one of his most frenetic days yet in the Hawkeye State, speeding across the state's snow-covered northern border with Minnesota to pitch his candidacy to both diehard Democrats who are leaning toward caucusing for him and what the mayor calls "future former Republicans," those voters who backed President Donald Trump in 2016 but want to vote against him four year later.

"If he does not place in the top two in either Iowa or New Hampshire, or I would argue if he places behind Biden in both of those contests, that will be it," said one source familiar with the Buttigieg campaign's thinking in Iowa, who requested anonymity to speak candidly about the campaign. That view reflects the idea that without strong finishes in Iowa and New Hampshire, Buttigieg will lack the momentum his campaign is counting on to carry him into future contests.

All of this comes as Warren, Sanders and Klobuchar -- all of whom have also spent considerable time focused on Iowa -- will be required to be in Washington to fulfill their role as jurors in Trump's impeachment trial, taking them off the campaign trail with only weeks to go until the Iowa caucuses.

President Donald Trump had been weighing the biggest risk of his presidency for days.Inside ornate Mar-a-Lago suites commandeered as makeshift situation rooms, Trump hosted top advisers and certain friendly members of Congress on Tuesday to discuss a strike taking out the commander of Iran's security and intelligence services.

The morning after the strike, Trump abandoned plans to play a round of golf and instead spent time surveying his orbit of advisers on the kill order. He was defiant, according to some of the people he spoke with, and defensive. But he also appeared to be freshly aware of the gravity of his role and the power he wields, unsure of how Iran would respond.

For Trump, however, the decision reflected a more immediate victory, one that he touted in his conversations over breakfast and over the telephone from his Florida estate Friday. It was a moment to compare himself favorably with the men who previously occupied his office without necessarily publicly weighing what comes next. And it changed the subject, however briefly, from his impeachment.

Her cause is anti-bullying, which is making the first lady's silence deafening.Melania Trump has yet to speak out in the wake of President Donald Trump's mocking tweet directed at 16-year-old climate activist Greta Thunberg, in which he told the teenager to "work on her anger management" and "chill" out.

"A minor child deserves privacy and should be kept out of politics. Pamela Karlan, you should be ashamed of your very angry and obviously biased public pandering, and using a child to do it," Melania Trump tweeted after Karlan, a law professor, mentioned Barron Trump during impeachment hearings on Capitol Hill. Karlan later apologized for making reference to the youngest Trump child's name.

"BeBest is the First Lady's initiative, and she will continue to use it to do all she can to help children. It is no secret that the President and First Lady often communicate differently -- as most married couples do. Their son is not an activist who travels the globe giving speeches. He is a 13-year-old who wants and deserves privacy," Grisham said.

Billionaire businessman Tom Steyer joked about his inadvertent role in the newly revealed tense exchange between his fellow Democratic presidential candidates Sens. Elizabeth Warren of Massachusetts and Bernie Sanders of Vermont following Tuesday's Democratic debate."Just want to say hi, America," Steyer tweeted Wednesday, referencing his unfortunate timing when he sought to chat with Sanders after the CNN/Des Moines Register debate -- and stumbled upon the senators each accusing the other of calling them a liar.

"I think you called me a liar on national TV," Warren can be heard saying in new CNN audio from after the debate.

"You know, let's not do it right now. If you want to have that discussion, we'll have that discussion," Sanders said, to which Warren replied, "Anytime."

House Democrats unveiled new evidence Tuesday that they plan to send to the Senate as part of their case to remove President Donald Trump from office over his efforts to pressure Ukraine into investigating former Vice President Joe Biden ahead of the 2020 election.

Text messages and handwritten notes from Rudy Giuliani associate Lev Parnas. (Parnas, his business partner Igor Fruman and two others were charged with funneling foreign money into US elections and using a straw donor to obscure the true source of political donations. They have all pleaded not guilty to the charges.)

Parnas sought to set up a meeting between Giuliani and Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky and connect with members of his government. The records also add more details about the push by Giuliani to seek the ouster of the then-US ambassador to Ukraine, Marie Yovanovitch.

President Donald Trump's reputation for bending truth for political ends and conflicting administration rationales for taking out Iran's top general are stirring a new debate over intelligence with troubling echoes in recent history.

Discord over the rationale for the Soleimani attack is awakening history's ghosts of US foreign interventions that went bad after questionable rationales for war -- for instance in Iraq -- as well as contemporary questions about this administration's attitude toward trust and truth.

Few politicians in Washington doubt the Iranian military chief posed a threat to the US and had American blood on his hands. But the growing controversy is still deepening criticism of Trump's decision to eliminate Iran's second-most senior leader and debate about whether the possible consequences of escalation with Iran justify the risk.

President Donald Trump just slammed Apple for refusing to allow the US government access to the iPhones "used by killers, drug dealers and other violent criminal elements."

Trump's tweet came hours after Apple declined requests from US Attorney General William Barr and the FBI to unlock two iPhones believed to have been used by a 21-year-old man who killed three sailors in a shooting last month at a Pensacola, Florida, Air Force base.

Apple's commitment to protecting the privacy of its users is well known. The iPhone maker has hammered on privacy as a marketing pitch in recent years, with CEO Tim Cook repeatedly calling privacy a fundamental human right. Cook told CNN in 2018 that he wants governments around the world to restrict how much data companies can collect from their customers.

The fight over the impeachment of President Donald Trump is now heading to the US Senate for a trial, but that won't be the end of the line for House Democrats.

On Wednesday, House Speaker Nancy Pelosi announced the seven House Democrats who will serve as managers: Intelligence Chairman Adam Schiff of California, Judiciary Chairman Jerry Nadler of New York, Hakeem Jeffries of New York, Zoe Lofgren of California, Val Demings of Florida, Jason Crow of Colorado and Sylvia Garcia of Texas.

The way a Senate trial will ultimately unfold will depend on what senators can agree to and the full parameters for a trial have not yet been set.