High prevalence of vitamin D inadequacy and implications for health.\nHolick MF.\nMayo Clin Proc. 2006 Mar;81(3):353-73. Review.\nPMID: 16529140 \ndoi: 10.4065/81.3.353\n
Vitamin D2 is much less effective than vitamin D3 in humans.
Armas LA, Hollis BW, Heaney RP.
J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2004 Nov;89(11):5387-91.
PMID: 15531486
Vitamin D2 potency is less than one third that of vitamin D3. Physicians resorting to use of vitamin D2 should be aware of its markedly lower potency and shorter duration of action relative to vitamin D3.
Barger-Lux MJ, Heaney RP. Effects of above average summer sun exposure on serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and calcium absorption.J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2002 Nov;87(11):4952-6.PMID: 12414856 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Wicherts IS, van Schoor NM, Boeke AJ, Visser M, Deeg DJ, Smit J, Knol DL, Lips P.
Vitamin D status predicts physical performance and its decline in older persons.
J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2007 Jun;92(6):2058-65. Epub 2007 Mar 6.
PMID: 17341569 [PubMed
Matsumoto T, Miki T, Hagino H, Sugimoto T, Okamoto S, Hirota T, Tanigawara Y, Hayashi Y, Fukunaga M, Shiraki M, Nakamura T.
A new active vitamin D, ED-71, increases bone mass in osteoporotic patients under vitamin D supplementation: a randomized, double-
Valimaki VV, Alfthan H, Lehmuskallio E, Loyttyniemi E, Sahi T, Stenman UH, Suominen H, Valimaki MJ.
Vitamin D status as a determinant of peak bone mass in young Finnish men.
J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2004 Jan;89(1):76-80.
PMID: 14715830
Low vitamin D status, high bone turnover, and bone fractures in centenarians.
Passeri G, Pini G, Troiano L, Vescovini R, Sansoni P, Passeri M, Gueresi P, Delsignore R, Pedrazzoni M, Franceschi C.
J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2003 Nov;88(11):5109-15.
PMID: 14602735
We conclude that the extreme decades of life are characterized by a pathophysiological sequence of events linking vitamin D deficiency, low serum calcium, and secondary hyperparathyroidism with an increase in bone resorption and severe osteopenia. These data offer a rationale for the possible prevention of elevated bone turnover, bone loss, and consequently the reduction of osteoporotic fractures and fracture-induced disability in the oldest olds through the supplementation with calcium and vitamin D.
Vitamin D and cardiovascular disease risk.
Michos ED, Melamed ML.
Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2008 Jan;11(1):7-12. Review.
PMID: 18090651
doi: 10.1097/MCO.0b013e3282f2f4dd
Summary: Vitamin D deficiency is easy to screen for and easy to treat with supplementation. Further larger observational studies and randomized clinical trials are, however, needed to determine whether vitamin D supplementation could have any potential benefit in reducing future cardiovascular disease events and mortality risk.
The effect of vitamin D2 and vitamin D3 on intestinal calcium absorption in Nigerian children with rickets.
Thacher TD, Obadofin MO, O'Brien KO, Abrams SA.
J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2009 Sep;94(9):3314-21. Epub 2009 Jun 30.
PMID: 19567516
Conclusions: Despite similar increases in 25-hydroxyvitamin D and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D with vitamin D2 or vitamin D3, fractional calcium absorption did not increase, indicating that rickets in Nigerian children is not primarily due to vitamin D-deficient calcium malabsorption
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