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He knew what that meant: this ad wasn't being shown to every person who read that page. It was being targeted to him in particular. Tax-exempt groups like Crossroads GPS have become among the biggest players in this year's election.  They're often called "dark money" groups, because they can raise accept unlimited amounts of money and never have to disclose their donors.

KeyLines is a JavaScript toolkit for visualising networks. It works in all major browsers, and on all platforms, including the iPad. It uses HTML5 but also works on old versions of Internet Explorer. KeyLines is ideal for organisations who want to migrate from legacy Java, Flex or Silverlight apps to the new world of HTML5.

If one draws links radiating outward from NATO to all of these different countries and organizations, the result is a security network that has multiple hubs and clusters - much like a map of the Internet or of planets and galaxies. This world is no longer unipolar, bipolar, or even multipolar, because the actors that matter are not single states but groups of states that are more or less densely connected. It is a multi-hub security network, in which the hubs are regional organizations of different sizes and strengths.

Jaron Lanier is a computer science pioneer who has grown gradually disenchanted with the online world since his early days popularizing the idea of virtual reality. "Lanier is often described as 'visionary,' " Jennifer Kahn wrote in a 2011 New Yorker profile, "a word that manages to convey both a capacity for mercurial insight and a lack of practical job skills." Raised mostly in Texas and New Mexico by bohemian parents who'd escaped anti-Semitic violence in Europe, he's been a young disciple of Richard Feynman, an employee at Atari, a scholar at Columbia, a visiting artist at New York University, and a columnist for Discover magazine. He's also a longtime composer and musician, and a collector of antique and archaic instruments, many of them Asian. His book continues his war on digital utopianism and his assertion of humanist and individualistic values in a hive-mind world. But Lanier still sees potential in digital technology: He just wants it reoriented away from its main role so far, which involves "spying" on citizens, creating a winner-take-all society, eroding professions and, in exchange, throwing bonbons to the crowd.