The contest between individual privacy and government authority has been part of the American experience since its earliest days as a nation. Debate over the quartering of British troops in American homes and general writs of investigation by the Crown spawned two of the first ten Amendments to the Constitution. Over the last 235 years, innovations like telephones, automobiles, email and airplanes have shifted the landscape - but not importance - of the privacy debate.
The contest between individual privacy and government authority has been part of the American experience since its earliest days as a nation. Debate over the quartering of British troops in American homes and general writs of investigation by the Crown spawned two of the first ten Amendments to the Constitution. Over the last 235 years, innovations like telephones, automobiles, email and airplanes have shifted the landscape - but not importance - of the privacy debate.
The master plan for this landmark near Boston deals with preservation treatments in an intricate landscape. The evolution through time and changing tastes had to be balanced with the need to preserve its dramatic physical features and its primary purpose as a burial ground and retreat.
Management of stone artifacts requires understanding the driving forces for change, whether natural or anthropogenic, in order to implement effective conservation strategies. Physical, chemical and biological processes of stone decay must be understood in order to remediate the damage they cause. It is not merely the stone itself which is to be conserved, however, but also the cultural, social, religious or artistic ideas that it represents; these values are changeable and must be defined in the context of contemporary heritage processes. Cemetery stone in Kentucky, USA, provides an example of the importance of a holistic approach to stone conservation, which integrates scientific knowledge of decay processes with conservation theory and the needs of stakeholders.
Mount Auburn Cemetery in Baltimore, Maryland is more than a place of rest and reflection. It is a place of environmental and cultural sustainability and an expression of an attitude toward nature and environment unique to African-American culture. Through the more than hundred-year cultivation of an African-American cultural overlay, the Cemetery has been transformed from graveyard to a unique burial ground. Founded in 1872, Mount Auburn Cemetery is the last remaining African-American burial space in Baltimore, and it celebrates this transformative layering. Holding the remains of some 43,000 Baltimoreans, the cemetery represents the paradoxes of a culture defined by a century of interaction with the sacred as defined by rural experience, and that has favored the urban landscape as a necessary post-slavery gesture. In addition to its cultural and historic burial functions, Mount Auburn creates an ecological balance by providing designed green spaces, a cultural connection to nature and landscapes of memory, and a respite from the urban setting in which it is consciously located. This paper proposes that the African-American expression of form visible in Mount Auburn is marked by improvisation and an often superficial, chaotic appearance. This expression of form contributes to the sustainability and preservation of a uniquely diverse urban landscape, creating an attitude and perspective about place. This complex environmental attitude is defined by both positive and negative feelings toward the natural surroundings of humankind, including air, water, land, wildlife, and the systems existing between the natural environment and human society (Parker, 1999).
This article chronicles a movement to restore Shippensburg, Pennsylvania's Locust Grove Cemetery, a historic African-American burial ground. The cemetery faced persistent troubles exacerbated by changing demographics in the surrounding neighborhood, its caretakers' limited resources, and the community's history of racial discrimination. Beginning in 2003, Shippensburg University applied history students assisted with research, grant writing, and interpretative materials. By 2005, a community coalition formed that built on the students' efforts, ultimately mobilizing the resources needed to finish the restoration. This case study illustrates the complex dynamics of a community preservation campaign and ways Public History programs can support such efforts.
Even staunch privacy advocates are concluding that it's impossible to protect personal data completely. The best hope for online privacy, they say, lies in legal safeguards that prevent abuse.
Even staunch privacy advocates are concluding that it's impossible to protect personal data completely. The best hope for online privacy, they say, lies in legal safeguards that prevent abuse.
article that analyzes how deeply intertwined our body image is with that of what we see in the media as well as our peers- and how that affects our concept of beauty and ideal weight
As reactions to the O. J. Simpson verdict, the Rodney King beating, and the Amadou Diallo killing make clear, whites and African Americans in the United States inhabit two different perceptual worlds, with the former seeing the justice system as largely fair and color blind and the latter believing it to be replete with bias and discrimination. Drawing on data from a nation-wide survey of both races, the authors tackle two important questions in this book: what explains the widely differing perceptions, and why do such differences matter? They attribute much of the racial chasm to the relatively common personal confrontations that many blacks have with law enforcement - confrontations seldom experienced by whites. And more importantly, the authors demonstrate that this racial chasm is consequential: it leads African Americans to react much more cynically to incidents of police brutality and racial profiling, and also to be far more skeptical of punitive anti-crime policies ranging from the death penalty to three-strikes laws.
As reactions to the O. J. Simpson verdict, the Rodney King beating, and the Amadou Diallo killing make clear, whites and African Americans in the United States inhabit two different perceptual worlds, with the former seeing the justice system as largely fair and color blind and the latter believing it to be replete with bias and discrimination. Drawing on data from a nation-wide survey of both races, the authors tackle two important questions in this book: what explains the widely differing perceptions, and why do such differences matter? They attribute much of the racial chasm to the relatively common personal confrontations that many blacks have with law enforcement - confrontations seldom experienced by whites. And more importantly, the authors demonstrate that this racial chasm is consequential: it leads African Americans to react much more cynically to incidents of police brutality and racial profiling, and also to be far more skeptical of punitive anti-crime policies ranging from the death penalty to three-strikes laws.
