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mkharikagiso55

The Other Zulus: The Spread of Zulu Ethnicity in Colonial South Africa - 1 views

www.tandfonline.com/...02582473.2014.982695

Kagiso Mkhari

shared by mkharikagiso55 on 18 Apr 23 - No Cached
  • The nub of his argument is that from the 1880s, as more and more Africans in Natalbegan to experience colonial rule as oppressive rather than protective, many began to alignthemselves politically with figures who were emerging as leaders of resistance tocolonialism. The rebellion of Zulu royalists under Dinuzulu, son of Cetshwayo, againstBritish colonial rule in Zululand in 1888, and his subsequent exile for 10 years to St Helena,was important in casting the Zulu royal house as a symbol of resistance. The granting of‘responsible government’to Natal in 1893 brought to power a succession of settlergovernments whose increasingly harsh rule pushed more and more Africans, especiallyyoung male migrant labourers, into identifying with the cause of the Zulu royal house. Thiswas shown up dramatically in the Natal rebellion of 1906, when many rebels in the regionsouth of the Thukela looked to Dinuzulu for leadership. Though he took no active part inthe rebellion, his conviction and imprisonment for treason on minor charges in 1908 furthercemented the position of the Zulu royal house in the eyes of many people as a focus ofpolitical loyalty. With this came a growing acceptance of an identity as‘Zulu’
  • In 1879, he tells us, large numbers ofAfrican men in the colony of Natal joined up as soldiers to assist the British army in itsinvasion of the neighbouring Zulu kingdom and its overthrow of the Zulu royal houseunder King Cetshwayo
  • olonial officials,missionaries, and African intellectuals were all playing roles, often contradictory ones, inthis process: these need more teasing out than the author gives them.
  • ...4 more annotations...
  • Shula Marks and Nicholas Cope have shown, it was not until the late nineteenth andearly twentieth centuries that the political and social conditions developed for theemergence of a Zulu ethnic consciousness.3The collapse of the Zulu kingdom in theperiod 1879 to 1884, the subordination of Africans generally in Zululand and Natal to acommon oppression at the hands of colonial rulers, and the experiences of increasingnumbers of men from the region as migrant labourers in Natal and on the Witwatersrandopened the way for the growth of a shared feeling of‘Zuluness’. By the 1920s it wasbecoming established in both urban and rural areas.
  • Until quite recently, the assumption wascommon that Zulu ethnic consciousness dates back to the emergence of the Zulu kingdomunder Shaka in the 1810s and 1820s. Among members of the public, this is probably still thegeneral opinion. For their part, most scholars also saw the Zulu kingdom, which includedparts of the region south of the Thukela River that came to be called Natal, as a more orless politically united entity, with a relatively homogeneous culture, and a Zulu identityunproblematically accepted by its subjects. But, over the last 30 years or so, academicresearch has shown that this notion has little historical evidence to support it
  • Similarly, the African inhabitants of the region to the south which in the 1840s becamethe British colony of Natal certainly did not regard themselves as‘Zulus’. Numbers of themwere refugees from the Zulu kingdom who sought to distinguish themselves clearly from thesubjects of the Zulu kings in the eyes of their new colonial overlords
  • For most of its history, the Zulu kingdom was politically deeply divided.
mkharikagiso55

zulu kingdom and anglo war - Yahoo Image Search Results - 6 views

Kagiso Mkhari

shared by mkharikagiso55 on 18 Apr 23 - No Cached
  • mkharikagiso55 on 18 Apr 23
     
    A picture depicting the Anglo-Zulu war
mkharikagiso55

WO 32/7701: Overseas: South Africa (Code 0(AU)): Zulu War: Measures to Meet Threatened ... - 6 views

go.gale.com/...retrieve.do

Kagiso Mkhari Zulu Kingdom Manuscript

shared by mkharikagiso55 on 02 Apr 23 - No Cached
    • mkharikagiso55
      mkharikagiso55 on 18 Apr 23
       
      Page 6 talks about the Zululand
  • mkharikagiso55 on 04 Apr 23
     
    The primary source is a manuscript talking about the events that transpired in the Zulu nation
  • ujhistprof on 06 Apr 23
     
    Please make it clear to the tutor marking your work, where in the document the word Zulu is. Your book mark only takes us to the whole document. You also need to annotate. Thanks so much, good work.
mokhele_l

Images of Exploration in Africa: the Art of James Augustus Grant on the Nile Expedition... - 9 views

Mokhele L

shared by mokhele_l on 18 Apr 23 - No Cached
  • The history of discovery and exploration affords many examples of travellers who have returned from locations previously unknown to their compatriots at home finding that interest and wonder in their exploits is accompanied by doubt or mistrust concerning the stories they have to tell.
    • mokhele_l
      mokhele_l on 18 Apr 23
       
      This article draws to exploration in Africa through the images of previous scholars/ African explorers. Through these images, it is evident that in some cases, European exploration of South and East Africa is invalid- In cases of misinterpretation and false representation, African exploration shifted from a pursuit of knowledge to issues of subjective publications.
  • The period of the Enlightenment, in fact, saw expectations of truthfulness become more demanding:
    • mokhele_l
      mokhele_l on 18 Apr 23
       
      the age that emphasized truth and science over superstition. African exploration in this period was meant to reveal accurate information.
  • There was an obvious danger of distortion through misunderstanding or a deliberate desire to increase the appeal and interest of a scene
    • mokhele_l
      mokhele_l on 18 Apr 23
       
      Historically, African exploration resulted in distortion as an attempt to achieve euphoria or a lack of understanding.
  • ...5 more annotations...
  • There was an obvious danger of distortion through misunderstanding or a deliberate desire to increase the appeal and interest of a scen
  • Perhaps he interpreted Livingstone's description as best he could but perhaps, too, he inserted elements which he knew would appeal to the public
    • mokhele_l
      mokhele_l on 18 Apr 23
       
      Central to African exploration was interpretation and representation.
  • problems of misrepresentation by no means disappear. Scenes are staged, people are dressed specially or put in what are taken to be appropriate surroundings.
    • mokhele_l
      mokhele_l on 18 Apr 23
       
      with reference to the last 2 points, manipulated representation acted a tool of a distorted euphoria.
  • what nineteenth-century European explorers had to say about non-European areas and peoples they had encountered tended to be taken at face value because it had come to be believed that explorers no longer told tall stories but were detached and scientific.
    • mokhele_l
      mokhele_l on 18 Apr 23
       
      European exploration of Africa was primarily on surface level. The intention wasn't knowledge b through experience but simply providing an interesting read.
  • and images from travellers' accounts was to be relied upon
mzangwathuto

Manufacturing Crisis: Anti-slavery 'Humanitarianism' and Imperialism in East Africa, 18... - 4 views

Thuto222103823

shared by mzangwathuto on 17 Apr 23 - No Cached
  • mzangwathuto on 17 Apr 23
     
    European nation leaders embark on a blockade to curb 'Arab slave trade"
victorys1234

SC5105602201.pdf - 2 views

Victory Samushonga 220153216

shared by victorys1234 on 17 Apr 23 - No Cached
  • victorys1234 on 17 Apr 23
     
    By 1840 , there are missionaries from different European countries operating in South Africa in areas like the Cape and the Natal , offering services such as teaching and medical assistance.
ujhistprof

September 6, 1864 - Document - Gale Primary Sources - 9 views

go.gale.com/...retrieve.do

Natasha Erlank

shared by ujhistprof on 17 Apr 23 - No Cached
  • the aid of a naval officer, who could assist me in observations, I might look forward to returning with important results, not only geographical but ethnological and commercial. It is indeed regrettable that the Great Zaire should, in this our nineteenth century, be permitted to flow through regions blank and unknown to us as on their creation-day. My health being thoroughly restored in this delightful region, and having no time to spare, I resolved to return after exhausting every argument with the Chiefs of Banza Nkulu. The chief King sent abundance of provisions, and begged me to come back with a larger outfit as soon as possible. On September 17 we set out for Banza Nokki, and after three days embarked in a canoe and reached Bo
THAKGATSO MOTHOA

The East African Ivory Trade in the Nineteenth Century.pdf - 8 views

ThakgatsoMothoa222236653 History 2A

shared by THAKGATSO MOTHOA on 17 Apr 23 - No Cached
  • THE East African ivory trade
    • THAKGATSO MOTHOA
      THAKGATSO MOTHOA on 17 Apr 23
       
      East African ivory trade existed for a long time.
  • nd travellers, and they give it more prominence than the s
    • THAKGATSO MOTHOA
      THAKGATSO MOTHOA on 17 Apr 23
       
      Ivory trade is more famous and given attention than slave trade
  • may have been the search for ivory which brought the first ships aroun
    • THAKGATSO MOTHOA
      THAKGATSO MOTHOA on 17 Apr 23
       
      The search of ivory might have bought the first ships in Cape Guardafui.
  • ...3 more annotations...
  • Marco Polo refers to the East African coast and states: 'they have elephants in plenty and drive a brisk trade in t
    • THAKGATSO MOTHOA
      THAKGATSO MOTHOA on 17 Apr 23
       
      Marco Polo mentions that the East coast is rich in Elephants and they trade using tusks.
  • from the sixteenth to the eighteenth century, ivory continued to be an important export; it receives more mention in Portuguese records than does the slave tr
    • THAKGATSO MOTHOA
      THAKGATSO MOTHOA on 17 Apr 23
       
      ivory continued to be most valued export and received more mentions than slave trade.
  • East African ivory is soft ivory and is ideal fo
    • THAKGATSO MOTHOA
      THAKGATSO MOTHOA on 17 Apr 23
       
      ivory was soft and perfect for creating objects such as sculptures.
katlegomodiba

Two African Explorers: II.--Joseph Thomson on JSTOR - 9 views

www.jstor.org/...717822

Katlego Modiba History 2A

shared by katlegomodiba on 17 Apr 23 - No Cached
  • ujhistprof on 17 Apr 23
     
    you have just given us access to a search page - check your bookmark and you will see that articles says 'you need to access through your library'.
trevor248

The King, the Cardinal and the Pope: Leopold II's genocide in the Congo and the Vatican... - 6 views

Trevor Mokgohloa History 2A

shared by trevor248 on 17 Apr 23 - No Cached
  • By dint of their superior military might the nations of Europe could obtain them by imposing their will on non-whites who were powerless to resist
    • trevor248
      trevor248 on 17 Apr 23
       
      The only solution of Europeans to obtain what they wanted to assist in the commenced industial revolution in Africa was through their powerful military state.
  • “L’e ́tat, c’est moi
    • trevor248
      trevor248 on 17 Apr 23
       
      Meaning- i am the state
  • To harvest ivory and, more importantly, rubber, required conscription of the “natives.” In the process all manner of hideous acts were committed. Rubber quotas were assigned, and if the output was too low, villages would be burned and Africans shot. Others were flogged or mutilated—the chopping off of hands was by no means uncommon. Women were kidnapped and held as hostages. In a true reign of terror, vast stretches of land were de-populated by murder and by the flight of terrified natives. Massacres were not rare. As was the case with the Nazi-sponsored Holocaust, slave labor led to many deaths, as did deliberate starvation and disease. In addition, the Congolese birth rate dropped precipitously. Precise mortality statistics are difficult to come by, but historians estimate the death toll to have been six to eight million, perhaps even ten million.
    • trevor248
      trevor248 on 17 Apr 23
       
      The atrocities that the natives of Congo suffered at the hands of Leopold's rule can be a clear indication that the idea of 'colonialism concept' to 'civilize' was just a mere forefronting to simplify whatever sufferings the natives might have to bear in the process of Europeans enriching themselves. How can one call abuse and suffering development? How can one develop if one's life is purposefully taken away? what is there left to civilize"
  • ...9 more annotations...
  • Without doubt, the pre-eminent hero in the war of words waged against Leopold was E. D. Morel. Half French, half English, Morel was a clerk in the Liverpool offices of a shipping firm. After learning the horrifying truth, Morel brought into being the Congo Reform Association, which labored tirelessly to topple the King’s criminal enterprise. Morel coordinated the anti-Leopold movement in England where parliamentary debates, public meetings, newspaper editorials and letters to the editor kept the Congo crisis in the public eye (Hochschild, 1999, pp 1, 2, 207).
    • trevor248
      trevor248 on 17 Apr 23
       
      We realize that not every European or white man was racist and monetary centred at the sufferings of Black-Africans.
  • vociferously
    • trevor248
      trevor248 on 17 Apr 23
       
      In a loud and forceful manner.
  • tutelage
    • trevor248
      trevor248 on 17 Apr 23
       
      rule.
  • When a visiting British reformer, the Reverend Dr H. Grattan Guinness, told a Baltimore audience that the cardinal “was the strong hand in this country who prevented the government from noticing the atrocities,” he caused an uproar, but he was exaggerating only slightly (New York Herald, December 16, 1906).
  • At this juncture Morel hoped that the White House would act. He understood fully that the Baltimore prelate was a formidable adversary as he worked to convince President Roosevelt to intervene
    • trevor248
      trevor248 on 17 Apr 23
       
      The anti-Leopold's campaign went as far as reaching the White house under the presidency of Franklin Delano Roosevelt.
  • refuting
    • trevor248
      trevor248 on 17 Apr 23
       
      refusing, dissaproving, dicrediting, e.t.c.
  • cognizant
    • trevor248
      trevor248 on 17 Apr 23
       
      cognizant
  • sacerdotal
    • trevor248
      trevor248 on 17 Apr 23
       
      relating to priests or the priesthood; priestly
  • ameliorate
    • trevor248
      trevor248 on 17 Apr 23
       
      Make (something bad or unsatisfactory) better.
  • ujhistprof on 17 Apr 23
     
    good - from T and F - but is it the correct time period. Just confirm.
leankid

Instagram - 1 views

www.instagram.com

Vusi Mukanse

shared by leankid on 16 Apr 23 - No Cached
gumedehp

10.2307_community.18807601-1 - 1 views

shared by gumedehp on 16 Apr 23 - No Cached
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