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dzagana

SLAVERY - 3 views

shared by dzagana on 26 Apr 23 - No Cached
dzagana

AOYUQY888747656.pdf - 6 views

shared by dzagana on 26 Apr 23 - No Cached
khosinxele

Science Magazine.pdf - 0 views

shared by khosinxele on 26 Apr 23 - No Cached
  • anzania and Zambia are petitioning the Conv
  • on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES) to “downlist” the conservation status of their elephants to allow sale of stockpiled ivory. But just 2 years after CITES placed a 9-year moratorium on future ivory sales ( 1), elephant poaching is on the rise
    • khosinxele
       
      This means that these 2 countries requested that their elephants' protected classification be lowered so that stockpiled can be sold to be jeopardize.
  • With illegal wildlife trade in all species worth
    • khosinxele
       
      They contributed into unlawful trading in other to make more money using innocent species.
  • ...17 more annotations...
  • tens of billions of dollars annually (
  • (ii) adequate controls on exploitation that can
    • khosinxele
       
      Species were used for their own selfish gain to they will go overboard to utilize the freedom of these animals just to get what they want.
  • impacts the integrity of ecosystems and their
    • khosinxele
       
      This even affected the community, the environment well-being due to dropping of keystone species.
  • Recent work strongly suggests that poaching is reducing Africa’
    • khosinxele
       
      Elephant poaching was actively taking place in various sites across Africa's continent in year 2007. sales made to countries like Namibia and Botswana and all the way to China.
  • CITES in 1997 to assess poaching rates on a continental scale, is unable to deliver data relevant to the causality mandate ( 12– 14). With no reliable
  • moratorium
    • khosinxele
       
      Moratorium: Is a temporary prohibition of an activity.
  • and transit countries for, Africa’s illegal ivory ( 3, 4). China and Japan, the only two approved importing countries, are also among the three largest
  • 2, 12). Recent PIKE values are unavailable
  • for western Tanzania, where illegal killing of elephants when reported was as high as or
  • record levels of 88% in 2008 (
  • 12). Monitor
  • in 2002, 2006, and 2009 (
  • sample sizes limiting interpretation.
  • 2). Zambia and Tanzania were among the most heavily involved in this trade during each peak; they also petitioned CITES to downlist their elephants in those same years. The largest single ivory seizure since the ivory trade ban (6.5 tons in Singapore) in 2002 was shown by DNA analyses
    • khosinxele
       
      These led to more countries contributing to the illegal of killing Elephants. Ivory in the past years 2002 to 2009 sales kept rising more and more in an unlawful manner.
  • cale of illegal ivory trade demonstrates that most of Africa lacks adequate controls for protection of elephants. The petitioning countries are not succeeding in re
  • In recent years, Tanzania and Zambia have become less transparent about population
  • CITES decision, information on Tanzanian elephant population
guguntombela

Pictures of Khoisan - 1 views

  •  
    These pictures show the Khoisan coming back from hunting and also shows the material that they used to hunt
lorraine03

Papers of Augustus Sparhawk, Chief Agent of the Expedition D'Etudes Du Haut Congo - Doc... - 1 views

  •  
    This manuscript is about the two explorers in the nineteenth century named Henry Stanley and Livingstone. They both explored some parts of Africa. Due to their extensive exploration in Africa, they were regarded as the greatest explorers. However, they explored different aspects. It is stated in this primary source that Livingstone discovered: Zambesi, Lake Nyassa, and Lake Bangweolo of Africa. In addition Stanely explored: Congo, he gave the world the definite information of the Victoria Nyanza and solved the Nile problem. These expeditions had a significance impact and played a crucial role during the nineteenth century in parts and people of Africa. Most of this information appears on page 3.
lorraine03

Gale Primary Source.pdf - 8 views

shared by lorraine03 on 26 Apr 23 - No Cached
  • Papers of Augustus Sparhawk, Chief Agent of the Expedition D'Etudes Du Haut Congo.
    • lorraine03
       
      This is the title of the above primary source/ manuscript.
  • link.gale.com/apps/doc/ APCFSF221272829/NCCO?u=rau_itw&sid=bookmark-NCCO&pg=4.
    • lorraine03
       
      This is the link to gale sources, it shows that I accessed this manuscript via UJ library. I downloaded few pages relating to my topic from the source because it is 69 pages long. I uploaded this PDF also because I cannot annotate this source from the original page.
    • lorraine03
       
      However, there is a comparison between these two explorers. Livingstone explored: Zambesi, Lake Nyassa, and Lake Bangweolo of Africa. Stanely explored: Congo, he gave the world the definite information of the Victoria Nyanza and solved the Nile problem.
  • ...5 more annotations...
    • lorraine03
       
      Livingstone also explored Africa.
    • lorraine03
       
      This is the image of Henry Stanley who was one of the explorers who explored Africa.
    • lorraine03
       
      These were the expedition made by Stanley.
    • lorraine03
       
      Stanley was was of the greatest explorers who explored Africa.
    • lorraine03
       
      This is the PDF version of my primary source. I uploaded this because I was unable to annotate from the original page of gale hence, in this PDF there are sticky notes. However, I also bookmarked directly from gale and put a description on what my source is about.
lorraine03

Henry Morton Stanley and His Critics: Geography, Exploration and Empire.pdf - 4 views

shared by lorraine03 on 26 Apr 23 - No Cached
  • The name Henry Morton S
    • lorraine03
       
      This was one of the African explorers.
  • globe. Stanley, who "discovered" Livingstone at Ujiji on Lake Tangany
    • lorraine03
       
      One of the discoveries he made.
  • Stanley was as much a man of words as a man of action; indeed, he represented the process of exploration in ways which have had a lasting impact on the modern
    • lorraine03
       
      Stanley's exploration had a significant influence on the present world.
  • ...10 more annotations...
  • rld. It has been suggested that the attitudes and assumptions of explorers constituted a kind of "unofficial symbolic imperialism", helping to define the cultural terms on which unequal political relations between colonizer and colonized could subsequently be establ
    • lorraine03
       
      The role the exploration process played during this period.
  • ".7 Joseph Conrad once described the most famous African explorers as "conquerors of truth",8 not be
  • exposed the inner secrets of distant regions (as they often claimed), but rather because they established particular ways of reading unknown landscapes.
  • This paper examines contemporary reactions to the African expeditions of Henry Morton Stanley, perhaps the most controversial of all nineteenth-century explorers
  • Stanley finds his place in conventional accounts of the history of exploration as the man who finally settled the long-running dispute over the sources of the
  • em. His career as an explorer bridges what is sometimes regarded as the golden age of African exploration (1851-78) and the era of the "scr
  • Stanley's approach to geographical exploration in many ways embodied the cultural style of the new imp
  • The exploration of Africa would be followed by the navigation of rivers, the establishment of trading stations and the building of railways.
  • n. Such exhibitions typically represented African explorers in heroic terms, as pioneers of c
    • lorraine03
       
      Prof Erlank said I can use this source, you can confirm with her.
keciatshebwa

CHURCH_OF_SCOTLAND_MISSION'S_CHURCH_AT_BLANTYRE_(MALAWI).pdf - 3 views

shared by keciatshebwa on 26 Apr 23 - No Cached
  •  
    A picture of the Scottish missionary church at the Blantyre mission in the mid decades of the 1800s. A place where many missionaries would to the latter abuse their power and relationship with the natives which will then be repaired by Rev. Macdonald at a later stage.
lorraine03

The Historical Role of British Explorers in East Africa.pdf - 3 views

shared by lorraine03 on 26 Apr 23 - No Cached
  • The major exploration of East Africa was accomplished over a roughly twenty-year period after 1856inaseries ofjourneys
  • urton, Speke, Livingstone, Baker, Cameron, Stanley,
    • lorraine03
       
      This are names of the African explorers during the nineteenth century
  • East Africa.
  • ...8 more annotations...
  • found little difficulty in connecting up the work of the explorers with the advent of colonialism in what was assumed to be a continuous historical process.
  • the explorer Joseph Thomson was directly responsible for the extension of British rule over Kenya, an assertion which modern historians of imperialism might find difficult to accept. 1
    • lorraine03
       
      This is the Eastern part of Africa
  • sees the exploration as significant in itself as well as important for what was to follow: when Speke and Grant discovered Uganda in 1862, he says, it was "one of those milestones in History that mark a new epoch."2
    • lorraine03
       
      The significance of exploration by these two explorers during that tine.
  • much more recent work, still in use as a textbook in some East African schools, insists that the arrival of the explorers was a "portent" for the "simple societies" of East Africa
    • lorraine03
       
      Another benefit and importance of exploration in East Africa.
  • This implies a significant responsive activity by those who were visited by the explorers.
  • scholarly work on East African history, Coupland included a chapter on exploration which implied a more passive role for Africans
  • The importance of the explorers lay in the fact that they brought the evil to European attention so that action could follow; presumably, therefore, their principal impact was on humanitarian groups who pressed governments into action.
    • lorraine03
       
      Importance and role of the explorers.
  • In essence, they were saying that since the arrival of European colonial rulers marked also the establishment of order, education, Christianity, and economic opportunity-in a word, progress-it must be the case that the explorers, because they were also Europeans, initiated the progress.
    • lorraine03
       
      The advantages brought by the exploration process in East Africa.
keciatshebwa

Diigo - Scott, David Clement - Dictionary of African Christian Biography The plan on re... - 2 views

shared by keciatshebwa on 26 Apr 23 - No Cached
  • The Foreign Mission Committee of the Church of Scotland sent him in 1881 to revive the agging Blantyre mission, which had been wracked by violent scandal and depleted by staff resignations and the dismissal of its leader, Rev. Duff Macdonald.[3] Upon arriving at Blantyre, Scott set to work repairing relationships with local chiefs that had been damaged in preceding years by the deleterious conduct of the mission staff. Under his supervision, the mission strongly promoted the Presbyterian ideal of mission as education, and schools for boys and girls would in time raise many of the future indigenous leaders of colonial and postcolonial Malawi.[4] Evangelism was also a priority, and churches were planted in proximity to Blantyre and further aeld: Mulanje, Domasi and Zomba, and Ngoniland.[5] The Blantyre mission also developed as an industrial mission under Scott’s tutelage, where converts could learn the sort of practical skills that Scott and his colleagues believed would incorporate them into the wider economic and social world of the British empire.
    • keciatshebwa
       
      This document tells us about the Scottish church plan to revive the Missionary church in Blantyre, sending Rev. Macdonald. Whom, re-established good relationships with the natives, specifically the elders. He then went on to rebuild reason for mission which was mainly to educate, promote literacy and spread the love of Christ. Also equipping the natives with skills for socioeconomic development.
  • Scott produced a dictionary of the Chinyanja language that evidenced not only considerable linguistic abilities, but also a deep and sympathetic grasp of African culture.[6] In contrast to many other British missionaries of the day, Scott’s views on African race and culture were progressive. He opposed certain elements of traditional culture as incompatible with Christianity (e.g. initiation rituals, polygamy) but he did not condemn African customs wholesale. On the contrary, he considered some aspects fully consonant with Christianity, permitted traditional dances for schoolboys and girls on the mission compound, and promoted the mlandu— the traditional meeting of elders for discussion and judgment—as relevant for both church and society. “One could wish for no weightier justice than that of native mlandu-power Christianized into a church court,” he enthused.[7]
    • keciatshebwa
       
      The linguistic strategy to be inclusive of natives in Christianity by translating the bible to the native language. The Scottish missionaries on the brighter side did not shun or criticize traditions of the natives like other missionaries in other parts rather they allowed autonomous flow of customs that the people identified with while trying to enlighten them on the good news of Jesus. Three traditions of the Blantyre natives - Mlandu, traditional dances and traditional meetings where they discussed matters including those of the church and society and how much influence the church has on the society.
lorraine03

The "Exploration" of Central Africa in the Late 19th Century as a Transimperial Project... - 3 views

  • Henry Morton Stanley
    • lorraine03
       
      He was one of the explorers who explored Africa.
  • Both had combined the “discovery” of the Congo basin
  • In a sense, the two rivals embodied the transnationality of the “exploration” of Africa – an “effort of all nations under all flags” as Brazza had put it.
  • ...11 more annotations...
  • Pogge had successfully reached the destination of the journey and thus proven that the Congo basin could also be reached from the west.
    • lorraine03
       
      The success of Pogge exploration led to a specific outcome.
  • Pogge set off on a nine-month hunting trip to the South African Cape and Natal. This first African experience proved important a few years later when Pogge tried to join an expedition to the Lunda Kingdom in the southern Congo region
  • European travelling to central Africa in the late 19th century: the German Paul Pogge
    • lorraine03
       
      European who explored Africa.
  • In April 1876, Pogge set off on his return journey to the coast, finally reaching the port of Hamburg in January 1877.
    • lorraine03
       
      Another expedition by Pogge.
  • From there, the expedition intended to journey on to Nyangwe on the upper reaches of the Congo.
  • From there, Wissmann travelled on to Zanzibar, making him the first European to cross the continent from west to east near the equator
  • Pogge helped to create “the political and moral framework within which conquest would take place
  • Like many other contemporary “explorers” and missionaries in Africa Pogge painted a picture of ignorant, inferior, and immoral Africans.
    • lorraine03
       
      The impact as a result of his exploration.
  • Pogge – like the other “explorers” – produced knowledge that could be used establishing colonial rule in Africa.
  • This knowledge on caravan travelling was crucial for the colonial project, because, as Michael Pesek has shown for East Africa, the early colonial state was heavily reliant on the experience and infrastructure of expeditions
  • Explorers (as missionaries who shared these traits to a great extent) should thus remind us that colonialism was far more transimperially connected than historians have long accounted for.
lorraine03

144926-050-738487C2.jpg (1077×1600) - 7 views

    • lorraine03
       
      This is an image of David Livingstone, an explorer from Africa.
    • lorraine03
       
      Africa's interior was nearly completely unknown to the outside world before Livingstone's explorations.
    • lorraine03
       
      He made great expeditions in Africa, such as exploring the Zambezi River, Lake Nyassa, and Lake Tanganyika.
  • ...2 more annotations...
    • lorraine03
       
      The expedition process offered him the opportunity to continue using exploration to try to develop Christianity and civilization in the nineteenth century.
    • lorraine03
       
      His expeditions gained fame worldwide which played a huge role in African people. As a result, he revealed the crimes of the East African slave trade and made the world aware of Africa's huge potential for human growth, trade, and Christian missions.
makheda

Image of Explorers in African - 2 views

  •  
    These were the explorers in Southern Africa. They were exploring the natural history and beauty of Africa. The American couple took the picture to show people African people back in America.
  •  
    This is the image of explorers in East Africa.
makheda

Newspaper Article. Explores in Africa - 3 views

    • makheda
       
      They started their exploration in Bagamoyo known today as Tanzania.
    • makheda
       
      Burton and Speke were British explorers who explored the Eastern part of Africa to find the source and map the course of Africa`s White Nile.
    • makheda
       
      Burton and Speke did not explored East Africa alone but other local and other people helped them to explore Zanzibar.
  • ...4 more annotations...
    • makheda
       
      Burton and Speke, like many other explorers of the time, became national heroes, remembered for fostering the development of commerce and Christianity, filling in the gaps on the map, and exemplifying national greatness.
    • makheda
       
      Expedition/s refers to a journey undertaken by a group of people with a particular purpose, especially that of exploration, research, or war.
    • makheda
       
      Expedition/s refers to a journey undertaken by a group of people with a particular purpose, especially that of exploration, research, or war.
    • makheda
       
      Important events: They spent 21 months exploring and discovering Africa`s great lakes: Lake Tanganyika and Lake Victoria.
makheda

Exploration manuscript 2 - 3 views

  •  
    The manuscript conveys how the Portuguese explored Central and Southern Africa. The Portuguese started to explore Angola and Mozambique. Stanely explored Congo. Livingstone Explored Zambezi. Portuguese colonists in Angola and Mozambique were fewer in number and weaker in authority than those in the interior of South Africa. They were unable to control coastal trade and merchants in the hinterland, and their economies were poor and corrupt. Whites had superior status and prestige, and Portugal regained its colonizing energy only after the Napoleonic Wars. Portuguese attempted to expand their colonial nucleus in Angola and Mozambique, leading to wars with African peoples, superior status, and prestige. Portugal regained its colonizing energy at the end of the 19th century. Until the 1890s, the Portuguese held limited power outside of their coastal strongholds. The lone bright point in their fortunes in southeastern Africa was Delagoa Bay's burgeoning affluence as commerce with the Transvaal developed. Internationally, Portuguese claims over Delagoa Bay were recognized in 1875. With the discovery of gold in the South African Republic, the bay gained additional significance as its nearest exit, and Lourenço Marques became Mozambique's capital in 1888.
pregannkosi

East Africa :Ivory trade : travelers and explorers - 2 views

  • first accounts of geographers and travellers, and they give it more promi
  • slave
  • trade
  • ...14 more annotations...
  • nence than the slave-trade. It may have been the search for ivory which
  • brought the first ships around Cape Guardafui, and then southwards
    • pregannkosi
       
      The reason travellers and geographers came to Africa was in search for Ivory.
  • East African ivory is soft ivory and is ideal for carving. It was in keen
  • demand in the Orient because of its superior quality and because it was
    • pregannkosi
       
      African Ivory was in great demand because of its costs, it was more affordable to traders, therefore high in demand. Africa is a more resourceful continent in the world in terms of minerals and materails.
  • demand
  • East
    • pregannkosi
       
      The quest for the search of Ivory invited explorers and travelers into east Africa, if it had not been of the demand of Ivory African would not have been exploited in terms of its resources.
  • East African ivory trade took place. An increased demand for ivory in
  • Europe
  • America and Europe coincided with the opening up of East Africa by
    • pregannkosi
       
      Due to the increase demand of Ivory in America and Europe more and more explorers came to Africa so that the can attain Ivory for trading purposes.
  • traders
  • Arab traders and European explorers, and this led to the intensive ex
  • Zanzibar as the ivory market for East Africa, supplying 75 % of the
  • increased
  • the
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