50 per cent of the elephant ivory trade was levied by the ruling makolo caste obtained in the country by native and European hunters. the English elephant hunters objected from paying the ivory in which they aquired by their own skill and life .Arab white men came from different parts of the interior to trade in ivory and their porters from Zanzibar who had small capital in their enterprise. jumbe whom was a chief ,his source of wealth largely depended on ivory which was bought in by the hunters. The arabs lost their land when it came to ivory trading in the Nyasaland.