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lpmalapile

Untangling the Legacies of Slavery: Deconstructing Mission Christianity for our Contemp... - 4 views

Lebogang Malapile History 2A

shared by lpmalapile on 25 Apr 23 - No Cached
  • The impact of Christianity on Black suffering
    • lpmalapile
      lpmalapile on 25 Apr 23
       
      IMPORTANT BECAUSE IT EMPHASIZES THE IMPACT OF CHRISTIANITY ON SLAVERY AND BLACK SUFFERING.
  • When you combine problematic tropes around Blackness, with White exceptionalist forms of hermeneutics, linked to White European notions of manifest destiny, you have the ingredients for a toxic residue of epistemology that sees Black people as “the problem”. 17 This ethic of White mastery over those who are deemed “the Other” becomes the basis on which the roots of a colonially inspired capitalism is at play, in which Blackness becomes the demonised other that has to be conquered, subdued and economically exploited.
  • For many Diasporan Africans, the search for a positive self-esteem has been found from within the frameworks of the Christian faith. Faith in Christ has provided the conduit by which issues of identity and self-esteem have been explored. This search has been helpful at one level, as the frameworks provided by conversion and an alignment with God in Christ has confirmed a new spiritual identity on Black people, but the extent to which this new formulation of the self has affirmed the materiality of one’s Blackness is, however, open to doubt. 35
  • ...3 more annotations...
  • This means that if you are a Christian slave owner, you have can faith in Christ and still own slaves, as God is only interested in your soul, which is preserved through faith in Jesus. Your actions on earth are another matter, however. For the enslaved Africans, faith in this same Jesus guaranteed salvation in heaven but not material freedom here on earth for the same reason as that given for the justification of the actions of slave masters.
    • lpmalapile
      lpmalapile on 25 Apr 23
       
      ALSO IMPORTANT BECAUSE IT SHOWS HOW CHRISTIANITY WAS USED TO KEEP BLACK AFRICAN PEOPLE UNDERDEVELOPED. THE BIBLE WAS TEACHING THEM TO ALLOW ANY EXPLOITATION HAPPENING TO THEM BECAUSE THEY SHOULD SEEK SALVATION IN HEAVEN AND NOT ON EARTH THROUGH MATERIAL THINGS.
  • 6 The effects of such biased, self-serving instruction are still being felt - the continuing tendency of Black people to internalise their feelings of inferiority, coupled with an accompanying lack of self-esteem
  • When Caribbean migrants came to Britain in the post-Windrush era they brought with them this legacy of spiritual wisdom from Africa, via the Caribbean. Upon arrival in the UK and encountering the hardships of economic deprivation and systemic racism, 46 what enabled many of them to cope with their experiences of rejection was a direct sense of God being with them; this “God with them” was seen in the form of the spirit that offers alternative ways of interpreting one’s experience and dealing with the reality of marginalization and oppression. 47
mokhele_l

Sydney Morning Herald (NSW : 1842 - 1954), Thursday 8 July 1880, page 7 - 2 views

trove.nla.gov.au/...nla.news-article13463573.3.pdf

Mokhele L

shared by mokhele_l on 25 Apr 23 - No Cached
    • mokhele_l
      mokhele_l on 25 Apr 23
       
      This newspaper article makes reference to the Belgium expedition in central Africa driven by curiosity.
na-gogana

Christian Missionaries and 'Heathen Natives': The Cultural Ethics of Early Pentecostal ... - 2 views

www.tandfonline.com/...jep.2002.22.1.002

NA GOGANA History 2A

shared by na-gogana on 25 Apr 23 - No Cached
  • Pentecostal movemen
    • na-gogana
      na-gogana on 25 Apr 23
       
      Pentecostal movement of Christianity that emphasizes the work of the holy spirit.
  • "Please pray for us and the people here, who are living and dying in Satan's kingdom. His reign here is no uncertain one, but a terrible, fearful, crushing rule, driving the people to wickedness and sin such as is not dreamt of in England. It is a force which can be felt everywhere, an awfUl living presence!" They went out, like many other Christian missionaries before them, with a fundamental conviction that the North Atlantic was a 'Christian' realm, that they were sent as 'light' to 'darkness' and that the ancient cultures and religions of the nations to which they were left: 972.643px; top: 380.379px; font-size: 17.7083px; font-family: serif; t
    • na-gogana
      na-gogana on 25 Apr 23
       
      missionaries duties was to offer prayers, restock faith to the people were need help and people who are lost direction in their path and teach people that the word of God is light.
  • Evangelism meant to go out and reach the 'lost' for Christ in the power of the Holy Spirit
  • ...5 more annotations...
  • 'called' people called 'missionaries'
    • na-gogana
      na-gogana on 25 Apr 23
       
      The Pentecostal missionaries and Christian missionaries teach and peach the word of God to the 'lost' children of God.
  • 'mission' was understood as 'foreign mission' (mostly cross-cultural, from 'white' to 'other' peoples), and these missionaries were mostly untrained and inexperienced
    • na-gogana
      na-gogana on 25 Apr 23
       
      The missionaries was seen the 'foreign mission' as the natives were cross-cultural people.
  • The power of God could save them from it all, if only they knew it."
    • na-gogana
      na-gogana on 25 Apr 23
       
      A bible verse that God is the light and protector of us all and people just need to trust in him.
  • baptism in the Spirit and a divine call, their motivation was to evangelise the world before the imminent coming of Christ,
    • na-gogana
      na-gogana on 25 Apr 23
       
      Baptism was a way used to help 'lost people' to be born again.
  • Another cultural insensitivity emanating fiom the early Pentecostal doctrine of Spirit baptism resulted in a failure to engage in serious language stu
    • na-gogana
      na-gogana on 25 Apr 23
       
      The missionaries aim was to teach people how to pray in tongues. praying in tongues was spirit language of missionaries.
nicolendeleni

A Note on Firearms in the Zulu Kingdom with Special Reference to the Anglo-Zulu War, 18... - 1 views

Nicole Ndeleni HISTORY 2A

shared by nicolendeleni on 25 Apr 23 - No Cached
  • The diaries of the English traders who arrived in the kingdom in the latter part of the i820S point to a widespread fear of firearms on the part of Shaka's subjects-a fear not necessarily related to the missiles the guns discharged, but to the noise and smoke they emitted when fired
    • nicolendeleni
      nicolendeleni on 25 Apr 23
       
      J.J GUY has written about the ZULU people's reaction towards the sound of gunfire and the smoke it emitted. Shaka's subject were frightened by these
  • Both Shaka and Dingane showed a keen interest in firearms, and visitors recorded a number of conversations they had with the Zulu kings on the relative merits of Zulu and European arms, and the tactics the Zulu should adopt against a force armed with guns
    • nicolendeleni
      nicolendeleni on 25 Apr 23
       
      The Zulu kings had an interest in firearms
  • and the tactics the Zulu should adopt against a force armed with guns. Conventional Zulu tactics aimed at direct physical contact with the enemy, where the soldiers could use their basic weapon, the short stabbing spear, in conjunction with the hide shield. In battle every effort was made to enclose the enemy: as the Zulu approached their opponents, flanking movements-the 'horns'-were thrown out so that the enemy would be surrounded when the main body of troops -the 'chest'-charged. Th
    • nicolendeleni
      nicolendeleni on 25 Apr 23
       
      Zulu tactics required physical contact which was very flexible during fighting
  • ...14 more annotations...
  • nd, the Voortrekkers indulged in sham fights, charges, and massed firing at the gallop in an attempt to impress the Zulu with their strengt
    • nicolendeleni
      nicolendeleni on 25 Apr 23
       
      who were the voortrekkers and why were they called voortrkkers
  • In the four major expeditions mounted against the Zulu during I839, there is no evidence in the published sources that the Zulu either departed from their conventional tactics as a response to their enemies' use of firearms, or made use of firearms themselves
    • nicolendeleni
      nicolendeleni on 25 Apr 23
       
      which four expeditions are they referring to ?
  • Zulu numerical superiorit
  • was not sufficient in itself to overcome heavy fire from a strongly defended position. It is
    • nicolendeleni
      nicolendeleni on 25 Apr 23
       
      Although the Zulu kingdom had a large number of soldiers, they were weak against fire arms
  • It was in the late I 86os that really significant numbers of firearms began to come into Zululand.
    • nicolendeleni
      nicolendeleni on 25 Apr 23
       
      Zululand started acquiring firearms
  • Ulundi,
    • nicolendeleni
      nicolendeleni on 25 Apr 23
       
      Ulundi still exists to this day in ZULULAND
  • f Zululand in I879 noted that the Zulu 'method of marching,
    • nicolendeleni
      nicolendeleni on 25 Apr 23
       
      these firearms were in reference with the war the Zulu kingdom was finding new ways to win the war
  • 'Prussian' rifles and Tower musket
    • nicolendeleni
      nicolendeleni on 25 Apr 23
       
      these are types of guns
  • he battle of Ulundi was fought on 4 July when Chelmsford, his supply line dangerously extended, marched a huge square of 5,ooo men to open ground near Ulundi. The Zulu attacked but did not reach the square, and cavalry put the survivors to flight. After burning the royal homestead, Chelmsford hurriedly withdrew.
    • nicolendeleni
      nicolendeleni on 25 Apr 23
       
      A WAR TOOK PLACE ON THE 4TH OF JULY
  • Throughout the war the Zulu made use of firearms, although their role was always subordinate to that of the stabbing spear. As the impi worked its way into a position to charge, long-range, generally inaccurate fire was aimed at the enemy. One of the few whites who witnessed the attack at Isandlwana and survived wrote:
    • nicolendeleni
      nicolendeleni on 25 Apr 23
       
      Zululand had acquired the skills of using firearms
  • Obviously, the number and the quality of the weapons they possessed must have played a part in their ineffectual firing of, and lack of confidence in the weapon, but, even with the guns they had, the Zulu could have used them to greater advantage if they had not been subordinated to traditional tactics.
    • nicolendeleni
      nicolendeleni on 25 Apr 23
       
      the Zululand did not have much faith in their weapons
  • annihilation
    • nicolendeleni
      nicolendeleni on 25 Apr 23
       
      what exactly does this mean does it mean the defeat?
  • 5 Morris writes that the Zulu soldiers who withdrew from Rorke's Drift were 'exhausted and starving to boot. On the move continually since leaving Ulundi six days earlier, they had consumed their reduced campaign rations during the first two da
    • nicolendeleni
      nicolendeleni on 25 Apr 23
       
      Shaka's troops were starving
  • Cetshway
    • nicolendeleni
      nicolendeleni on 25 Apr 23
       
      who was Cetshwayo
matimbababsy

The East African Ivory Trade in the Nineteenth Century.pdf - 2 views

Matimba Babani HISTORY 2A

shared by matimbababsy on 25 Apr 23 - No Cached
  • THE EAST AFRICAN IVORY TRADE IN THE NINETEENTH CENTURY
  • It is mentioned in the first accounts of geographers and travellers, and they give it more prominence than the slave-trade.
  • THE East African ivory trade is an ancient one.
  • ...14 more annotations...
  • It may have been the search for ivory which brought the first ships around Cape Guardafui, and then southwards along the East African coast.
  • uring the Portuguese domination of the coast
    • matimbababsy
      matimbababsy on 25 Apr 23
       
      This statement here shows and proves how prominent and fast growing the ivory trade was compared to the slave trade in Eastern Africa.
  • Reference to the export of ivory from the East African coast continues throughout the early and later middle ages
    • matimbababsy
      matimbababsy on 25 Apr 23
       
      This here highlights the start of the ivory trade in east Africa.
  • Masudi, writing in the early 10th century says that elephants were extremely common in the land ofZinj, and that it was from this country that large elephant tusks were obtained:' Most of the ivory is carried to Oman whence it is sent to India and China'. Marco Polo refers to the East African coast and states: 'they have elephants in plenty and drive a brisk trade in tusks'. 2
    • matimbababsy
      matimbababsy on 25 Apr 23
       
      This statement here proves or shows how the ivory was obtained and traded in Eastern Africa.
  • By the second century A.D. the coast, as far as 10° S., was 'subject under some ancient right to the sovereignty of the power which held the primacy in Arabia', and Arab merchants were exporting ivory from it in great quantit
  • from the sixteenth to the eighteenth century, ivory continued to be an important export;
  • it receives more mention in Portuguese records than does the slave trade.
  • In the sixteenth century 30,000 lb. of ivory passed through the port of Sofala yearly.
    • matimbababsy
      matimbababsy on 25 Apr 23
       
      More evidence on how vastly the ivory trade was growing.
  • East African ivory is soft ivory and is ideal for carving. It was in keen demand in the Orient because of its superior quality and because it was less expensive than that from south-east Asia. But in addition to the markets of the East, East African ivory was much sought after in Europe for the large ivory carving centres which had grown up in southern Germany and in the Low Countries during the Middle Ages, and which supplied large numbers of religious reliquaries and artistic novelties for Christian Europe.
  • But it was in the nineteenth century that the great development of the East African ivory trade took place
  • An
  • increased demand for ivory in America and Europe coincided with the opening up of East Africa by Arab traders and European explorers, and this led to the intensive exploitation of the ivory resources of the interior. Throughout the nineteenth century, East Africa ranked as the foremost source of ivory in the world; ivory over-topped all rivals, even slaves, in export value, and it
  • retained this position right up until the end of the century.
  • The ivory trade was lucrative, and the Masai, despite their vaunted aloofness, were eager to share in it, and strove to drive the Waboni tribe from the southern bank of the Sabaki River, so that they could gain access to the port of Malindi with their ivory
  • matimbababsy on 25 Apr 23
     
    This is a journal article derived from Cambridge through JSTOR and annotated as pdf.
ayabonga

ivory trade.pdf - 6 views

Valentine Ayabonga Gomdwe

shared by ayabonga on 20 Apr 23 - No Cached
  • ayabonga on 25 Apr 23
     
    The poaching of elephants for their ivory tusks has been driven by the demand for ivory in international markets, especially in Asia. The ivory trade is illegal, but the high prices paid for ivory have created a lucrative market for poachers and traders.
sinqobile

Primary Source.pdf - 0 views

diigo.com/0sdre3

Sinqobile Mbutsi HISTORY 2A

shared by sinqobile on 25 Apr 23 - No Cached
  • sinqobile on 25 Apr 23
     
    This is a PDF manuscript from gale, the original manuscript is uploaded with the title " Correspondence relating to the proceedings of the Blantyre mission in East Africa"
mawandemvulana

WO 32/7757: Overseas: South Africa (Code 0(AU)): Zulu War: Dispatch from Lord Chelmsfor... - 2 views

go.gale.com/...retrieve.do

'MawandeMvulana'

shared by mawandemvulana on 25 Apr 23 - No Cached
    • mawandemvulana
      mawandemvulana on 25 Apr 23
       
      This is a report sent to Lord Chelmsford by a Lieutenant during the Zulu war. The Lieutenant speaks on his troops and how they are still healthy and on the progress the British have made in taking over parts of Zululand, particularly North Zululand.
    • mawandemvulana
      mawandemvulana on 25 Apr 23
       
      This report also speaks on how the British at the time did not know how the enemy, Cetshwayo's soldiers were advancing.
ntandoelinda

he_Human_Ecology_of_World_Systems_in_East_Africa_The_Impact_of_the_Ivory_Trade - 3 views

www.researchgate.net/...-Impact-of-the-Ivory-Trade.pdf

Ntando Elizabeth Linda 221152738 History 2A

shared by ntandoelinda on 25 Apr 23 - No Cached
    • ntandoelinda
      ntandoelinda on 25 Apr 23
       
      The ivory trade has been an important part of human history, as it provided currencies for exchange and a major contributor to the spread of specialized pastoralism. The amount of ivory extracted from East Africa was not known until the 19th century, but it was highly valued article imported to Egypt from Nubia more than 4000 years ago. After the fall of the Roman empire, there was a period of decline in trade which was reversed at the end of the first millennium when Arab and Persian ships began to trade on the coast. Recently, glass beads, cowrie shells and worked ivory from the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries were excavated in Bunyoro in eastern Uganda, indicating an early wide extension of the ivory trade. The caravan trade also stimulated slave trade in Namibia and Tanzania. The ruler of Usambara, Semboja, hired professional Kamba hunters to obtain ivory during the price boom in the 1880s. The impact of trade on environmental agriculture and cattle-keeping is discussed, as well as the contextual factors that influenced the relationship. The East African ivory trade has had a significant impact on human ecology in eastern Africa, both direct and indirect. The Kamba were the dominant ivory traders in the central part of the East African interior from the end of the 1700s, expanding their trading networks from Lake Turkana in the north to Kilimanjaro in the south. The Ulu men and women leaders of villages that supplied a large portion of porters and hunters were not directly involved in the ivory trade, but the Kitui traders spent considerable time maintaining social relationships with them. The natural patterns of ecological change that took place in the nineteenth century were the result of an unprecedented upsurge in ivory hunting and trade. The ivory trade is illustrative of the need to include trade in so-called prestige goods in examining the relationship between world-system processes and ecology.
ntandoelinda

The East African Ivory Trade in the Nineteenth Century on JSTOR - 2 views

www.jstor.org/...179483

Ntando Elizabeth Linda 221152738 History 2A

shared by ntandoelinda on 25 Apr 23 - No Cached
    • ntandoelinda
      ntandoelinda on 25 Apr 23
       
      East Africa is the foremost source of ivory in the world, with ivory over-topping all rivals in export value. Rhaphta, somewhere on the Tanganyika coast, was an important centre of the ivory trade for Arab merchants. These ivory carvings at Ujiji were exceptional, as there is no tradition of intricate ivory carving in East Africa. The ivory trader had to know their ivory, which varies from hard to soft. There was also a substantial ivory trade to the north by the Nile route, with merchants having their depots, zaribas, villages surrounded from which sorties were made into the surrounding. East Africa was the ultimate destination of thousands of tusks of ivory shipped every year, with a vast quantity going to England and the Latin countries. In the late I89os, Mombasa and Dar es Salaam were ivory auction sales, with 6,695 worth of ivory.
sinqobile

East Africa, Between the Zambezi and the Rovuma Rivers: Its People, Riches, and Develop... - 0 views

www.tandfonline.com/...00369225.1885.10807328

Sinqobile Mbutsi HISTORY 2A

shared by sinqobile on 25 Apr 23 - No Cached
  • sinqobile on 25 Apr 23
     
    Evidence showing that the uploaded PDF about this topic is derived from Taylor and Francis.
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