his ivory trade was an Egyptian Government monopoly disputed only by slave-hunters. In Emin Bey's province this monopoly is now, and has always been since 1874, continuously asserted. If such a route is opened up it will be of very great value indeed. Ivory is worth nearly l,000i. а -ton in London, and even now (without a railway to Stanley Pool) the cost of carriage from Stanley Pool here is only 40/. a-ton. A railway is pretty sure to he made to Stanley Pool from the sea before long.
3More
February 13, 1862 - Correspondence Respecting the Relief of Emin Bay at Uganda - 1 views
-
-
most valuable ivory trade,
-
send down ivory by this route enough to pay the expenses of his Government; and it is highly probable in that case that a Company can be started here to trade in ivory on its head-waters, and to take over the task of governing and protecting Emin Bey's province, if Egypt consents to delegate her authority to such hands.
2More
Arrival-of-Jan-van-Riebeeck-in-South-Africa-by-Charles-Bell - 2 views
-
The arrival of Jan Van Riebeeck at the Cape on the 6th of April 1652 was viewed as the beginning of white civilization by some people, and some viewed his arrival as the beginning of colonial repression and resistance. However, Jan Van Riebeeck was part of the slave trade as well, because he was a Dutch navigator and colonial administrator of the VOC.
1More
AONYNA533914704.pdf - 1 views
-
This document is titled 'PRECIS OF INFORMATION CONCERNING THE ZULU COUNTRY WITH A MAP' was produces in 1879. According to this document, the Zulu country is located in South eastern Africa and is characterised by a warm and humid climate. Its population is predominantly Zulu, with some small groups of Europeans and Indians.Overall, the document provides a detailed overview of the Zulu country and its inhabitants, and would have been of great interest to those involved in European colonization and exploration of Africa during the late 19th century.
7More
A Brief History Of The Ivory Trade In Africa | HowAfrica Latest news, views, gossip, ph... - 0 views
-
vory has been desired since antiquity because its relative softness made it easy to carve into intricate decorative items for the very wealthy.
-
vory was taken across the Mediterranean to Europe or to Central and East Asia, though the latter regions could easily acquire ivory from southeast Asian elephants.
-
ivory moved inland,
-
Trade moved from West Africa to East Africa due to the high demand of ivory
-
- ...2 more annotations...
-
The need for human porters meant that the growing slave and ivory trades went hand-in-hand, particularly in East and Central Africa
-
The demand for Ivory motivated Europeans to have slaves, particularly to carry the Ivory to its respective ships
-
-
Once they reached the coast, the traders sold both the slaves and the ivory for hefty profits.
59More
The East African Ivory Trade in the Nineteenth Century.pdf - 3 views
-
BY R. W. BEACHEY THE East African ivory trade i
-
-
an ancient on
-
first accounts of geographers and travellers, a
- ...43 more annotations...
-
nence than the
-
reat quantity.1 Refer
-
ivory was obtained in sufficient quantity from the coast to meet deman
-
middle
-
-
of the coast
-
from the sixteenth to the eighteenth century, ivory continue
-
important exp
-
carving. It was in keen demand in the Orient because of its superior quality and because it was less expensive than that from south-e
-
East African ivory is soft ivory and is ideal f
-
-
But it was in the nineteenth century that the great development of the East African ivory trade took place. An
-
-
risk of native wars and the best seasons for travel were all available to the enterprising trade
-
ut, writing in the i84os, the missionary Krapf observed that, although the elephant was still found in some areas near the coast, ivory caravans were now making regular trips into Usagara, Masailand and the Kikuyu countries
-
so large that it required three stalwart Akamba tribesmen to carry it. The ivory trade was lucrative, and the Masai, despite their vaunted aloofness, were eager to share in it, and strove to drive the Waboni tribe from the southern bank of the Sabaki River, so that they could gain access to the port of Malindi with their ivory
-
Nile, became an important centre
-
The Nile river became the centre for coast countries during the ivory trade.
-
-
By mid-century there were well-defined caravan routes into the interior.
-
-
he most northerly, and that still preferred by some missionaries in the latter part of the century, followed the present route of the railway from Tanga to Moshi and Arusha, then swung westward to the Masai country, and from here, after a journey of fifty-five days, Burgenej, near the southwest corner of Lake Victoria, was reached. A south
-
The two great inland markets for ivory were Unyanyembe (Tabora) in what is now central Tanzania, and Ujiji on the east coast of Lake Tanganyika.1
-
-
As the century went on, caravans travelling
-
bigger and bigger, until by 1885 it was not u
-
porters in a single caravan. The ivory caravans
-
from the East African coast continues throu
-
that of ship chandlering. Information as to t
-
own, and the supply of their needs led to a sy
-
The packing of all this merchandise was an art in itself, and so imp
-
-
that the caravan leader began the task with 'prayers and incense
-
he ivory trader had to know his ivory, which varies from hard to soft. On the whole, the ivory of East Africa is of the soft variety. The dividing line between soft and hard is the Congo border; west of this line it is hard, to the east it is soft, although there are variations within each region. Buyers maintained that soft ivory came from areas where water was scarce; for example coastal ivory from near Pangani and Mombasa was never as good as that from the dry, upland regions of the interior. Soft ivory is white, opaque, and smooth, it is gently curved, and easily worked, and has what might be called 'spring'. Hard ivory, on the other hand, is translucent, glossy and of a heavier specific gravity than soft ivory; it is more subject to extremes of temperature and more difficult to carve.
-
It was the job of the ivory trader to know his ivory and there was two different types of ivory namely soft and hard. These two ivories were also found at different places.
-
-
armlets
-
being softer and malleable, were highly prize
-
It was difficult to find a perfect match of tusks. These are seldo
-
-
for 'just as a man uses his right hand in preference to his lef
-
elephant works with a particular
-
buried nearly 3 ft. in the head. The task of removal was much facilitated by using a steel axe, which the Arabs usually possessed, but the natives
-
The bargaining for ivory required a lot of patience and they used steel axe.
-
-
the Arab p
-
. The task of removal was much facilitat
-
esome process. The value of ivory was calculated in different ways. The Africa
-
-
mated its value by its size and qual
-
Ivory was a heavy article to transp
-
-
he usual weight carried by a porter was 50 lb
-
The business of ivory trading could only
-
constant extension and development, and this
-
Bargaining for ivory required infinite pati
-
The Indian merchants, by and large, were not an attractive lot. T
-
were jealous of their trade and intensively secre
1More
East Africa ivory trade - Bing images - 1 views
Guns on JSTOR - 2 views
2More
September 1874 - Document - Nineteenth Century Collections Online - 5 views
-
September 1874
-
This document comprises of explorer David Livingstone's 1870 field dairy, with which he stated of by writing to Lord Stanley, explaining to him about his delay in the expedition to which he reveals about him getting sick during the quest to the Nile, but after that continued with the expedition in the central Africa from Ujiji. he further tells Lord Stanley about the hardships they encountered along their expedition to follow the central drainage of the Nile river, to which he also reveals about the illness he contracted known as the flesh eating ulcers, which according to many people is the cause of his death. David Livingstone further states about the geographical sites of the places he has visited and the mountains, fountains and rivers and their drainages he encountered in his expedition but most importantly is his idea that he has discovered the source of the Nile river. DEFINING KEY TERMS. 1. Ujiji: historic town located in Kigoma- Ujiji District of Kigoma Region in Tanzania 2. manyuema: country in Tanzania. 3. Tanganyika: was a sovereign state, comprising the mainland part of present- day Tanzania, that existed from 1961. 4. Marungu: An administrative ward in Tanga District of Tanga region in Tanzania. 5. Lichens: Are complex life form that as a symbiotic partnership of two separate organisms, a fungus and alga. 6. Lunae Montes: Mountains of the moon. 7. Lualaba: River, headstreams of the Congo river or one of the 21 provinces of the Democratic Republic of Congo.
-
July 1871 - Document - Gale Primary Sources - 3 views
1More
gale submi.pdf - 2 views
-
Page 3 of this PDF talks about 'Madagascar still recognizing slavery'. So, Madagascar was connected to the Indian Ocean slave trade, particularly it was connected with the Cape Colony, because slaves were transported to the Cape from a wide range of areas in the Indian Ocean world, including Madagascar. Some of the slaves transported were owned by the VOC, a Dutch owned company, and labored on Company farms, outposts, and docks. The majority were sold to settlers and worked as domestic servants in Cape Town or as laborers on the grain, wine, and pastoral farms of the Cape interior. Moreover, slaves laborer more on wine farms, there were also wheat farms which required the labor of slaves. The economy of the Cape colony was mostly built on slaves just as the saying goes : " Wealth in people". So, the economy of the Cape boomed mostly because of slaves. Furthermore, slavery continued in the Cape for years until the abolishment of slavery was implemented which placed a challenge for the economy of the Cape, because the shortage of slaves meant that less work was done on the farms. However, even though slavery was abolished we still have traces of it left today.
43More
Slaves, Workers, and Wine: The 'Dop System' in the History of the Cape Wine Industry, 1... - 2 views
-
Providing wine to workers ‘as partial remuneration’ was unequivocally made illegal in 1809
-
Providing wine as remuneration to slave workers was part of the idea of cheap labor, because slaves worked hard in the farms at the Cape only to be cheated by their slave owners by being paid back with a glass of wine. Therefore, to slaves the banning of wine as being a remuneration was aa win for slaves, because it was an unjust act towards them.
-
-
lavery and wine continued to provide the economic foundation for the Cape under the British and Batavia
-
For slaves to continue providing the economic foundation of the Cape, they had to endure exploitation from their slave owners, such as cheap labor. Therefore, slavery was the key foundation of the economy of the Cape, because slaves labored hard on the farms.
-
-
Netherlanders’
- ...19 more annotations...
-
The Cape wine industry was built on the labour of slaves
-
The Cape Colony is dominated by vineyards, especially in the western Cape, so the rapid increase in wine export meant more slaves were needed for labor at the farms. The increase in slaves meant that the wine industry was being dominated by slaves, which proves that the wine industry was built on the labor of slaves.
-
-
an van Riebeeck arrived at the Cape as Commander of the Company settlement on 6 April 1652
-
The arrival of Jan van Riebeeck at the Cape Colony was viewed or is still viewed in different ways. Some viewed his arrival as the beginning of colonial repression and resistance, and some viewed it as the beginning of white civilization.
-
-
Khoi were in a position to resist labour discipline and avoid hard manual labour.
-
Khoisan's were hunter gathers so they were used to manual labor, so the VOC saw them as a good investment to turn them into slaves, but as hunter gathers the Khoisan's were not always available. They did not stay in one place, because of hunting they would move from one place to another. Which is why they had a chance to resist hard manual labor as slaves.
-
-
slaves and their masters producing wine and wheat
-
The Cape also had farms that produced wheat, wheat is also a crop that requires so much labor, so slaves also played a huge role in the production of wheat.
-
-
1657, van Riebeeck released nine Company servants (knechten) from the Company’s service as freemen (vrije luiden).
-
Jan van Riebeeck was a bit lenient with African slaves, he was aware of the inhumane act done by the slave trade or slave owners, which is why he released some of the slaves.
-
-
Burghers
-
What were Burghers? Historically, the term Burgher refers to a non-slave or serf citizen of a town or city, typically a member of the wealth bourgeoisie.
-
-
expected the Company to discipline errant slaves brutally and to ensure their return to their owners
-
Slaves were not considered as humans which is why they were brutally treated, which was an inhumane act towards the slaves.
-
-
ports of slaves were insufficient to meet the year-round needs of arable and livestock farmers. Khoi provided most of the labour for stock farme
-
Imported slaves were insufficient because they had to travel on sea for a long time in cargo ships, so they would arrive after a certain period of time. Moreover, since Khoisan's were good with live stock, they did most of the labor for stock farms.
-
-
ottentot’
-
-
The abolition of the slave trade in 1808 preceded the export-led and tariff-assisted expansion in wine production between 1815 and 1830
-
Slavery at the Cape Colony was abolished in the 1830s by which the colony was under the British rule. However, the abolishment of slavery challenged the wheat and wine industry, because of the scarcity of labor these industries struggled.
-
-
The ‘Caledon’ Proclamation of 1809
-
The 'Caledon' Proclamation also known as the Hottenot Code, was a decree issued by governor of the Cape Colony at the time to restrict the mobility of Khoisan's.
-
-
children of slave fathers and free mothers – would be apprenticed (‘ingeboek’) to serve the master of the slave until the age of 25
-
The whole system of slavery was unfair especially to the children, because being a slave was sort of an inheritance to them, a bad inheritance. The slave owners did not care about the education of the children of slaves, which was legally unfair.
-
-
e Ordinance was intended to establish a ‘proper relation between master and servant’
-
The Ordinance aimed to establish the equality between master and servant, slave owners and slave workers.
-
-
And, adding tobacco, the Ordinance also ‘enacted, that no Liquor or Tobacco shall be admitted as Money due for Wages, or in any manner charged in account against any such Hottentot or free Person of Colour
-
The Ordinance also helped in the demolishing of cheap labor, slaves were not to be cheated of their hard work.
-
-
The Slave Proclamation
-
What was the slave proclamation? It was a law that promoted the release of slaves.
-
-
Slavery formally ended on 1 December 1834
-
-
reed slaves left their former owners when they were emancipated ‘to escape the bonds of farm labou
-
Many slaves left their slave owners, because they were brutally treated by their slave owners prior to the abolishment of slave trade.
-
-
Emancipatio
-
Emancipation meant to free from control and power, so that allowed women slaves more freedom to make their own choices. So, the abolishment of slavery did some good to slaves.
-
-
Slaves had commonly been given garden plots. Farmers found themselves pushed into extending this provision by granting their freed workers ‘lodging’ and ‘plots for sowing and gardening’ where their wives and children could meet the families’ food needs.
-
The abolishment of slavery also allowed slaves to have their own properties.
-
1More
Khoisan Resistance to the Dutch in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries - 4 views
-
In this article Khoisan people were lured and manipulated by the Dutch people ( Jan Van Riebeeck ) and taught them the bible,while they were busy taking over their land.
Guns, Race, and Skill in Nineteenth-Century Southern Africa on JSTOR - 1 views
AFRICAN ELEPHANTS: THE EFFECT OF PROPERTY RIGHTS AND POLITICAL STABILITY - Document - G... - 3 views
View AllMost Active Members
View AllTop 10 Tags
- 533History 2A
- 82History2A
- 34HISTORY
- 322A
- 22SLAVERY
- 22Thuto Matlhoko
- 21masondo
- 21khanyisile
- 20222052317
- 20NA GOGANA
- 18Masego
- 18Maloma
- 18221023289
- 17the
- 17222080384
- 17Sinobomi Mapukata
- 16and
- 16RADINGWANA
- 16makofane Prince 221081879
- 15220165865