University of Johannesburg History 2A 2023

Here, I intend to explore the significance of the LMS museum as a site of deposition for material that originated in missionary encounters and exchanges in southern Africa during the first third of the 19th century.

The museum also included numerous natural history specimens, and the description refers to ‘two large crocodiles ... killed in the Lempopo river ... and presented by Mr Moffat’, as well as the large giraffe, shot by Campbell’s party in 1814, standing at the centre of the museum alongside the Rarotongan ‘staff god’. 16

Chelmsford, based on his own military experience and history of wars in the region, completely miscalculated the capabilities of his army and that of the 35,000 strong Zulu army

The Zulus were far too numerous and too fast. The British defensive setup was poorly suited to the terrain and enemy they faced, and they were quickly overwhelmed.

The main force of the Zulus would meet enemies head on while left and right forces, the horns, would curve around and attack the enemy flanks. 16 On 22 January, the head of the beast was heading right at the central British column of 1,774 men encamped at the base of Isandlwana, a jagged rocky

commenced their labours, the Cape slaves were a mixed people, but chiefly captured from Madagascar and the south-east coast of Africa. There was also a Malay (Mohammedan) element, introduced into the country by those who were at once masters in the Indian Archipelago and at the Cape. As to South African races, the reader will please to note carefully that, philologically, there are only two families of natives in all South Africa—the Gariepine, or yellow and oblique-eyed people, and the Bantu people, who are of a more dusky hue. The Gariepine* family include the Hottentots, Namaquas, Korannas, and E * Gariep is a native name for the

read considerably, and had been enriched by the arrival, in 1688, of a number of French Huguenots—refugees from the oppression of Louis XIV.—the peculiar arrangements of the Dutch Company repressed the growth of the Colony, and imposed galling restraints upon the people. Indeed, the

were never saleable. As to the condition of the slaves at the Cape in connection with Christianity, I shall quote the following sentences from Mr. Theal’s “ History of South Africa’ :— “According to the Dutch law no baptized person could be a slave, and this law, which was intended to raise Christian bondsmen to the position of free men effectually prevented the propagation of Christianity among them. The act of baptism being made equivalent to an act of manumission, it was to the owner’s interest to keep his slave in ignorance; and thus a law made to encourage Christianity actually prohibited it.” It is not easy for us now, either in Britain or in the Cape Colony,

Not only does this neglect the work of women as wives and teachers, but it diverts attention from the Africans who were everywhere the dominant force in the spread of modern Christianity. By the turn of the 20th century, evangelism had escaped the bounds of mission stations driven by African initiative and the appearance of so-called “faith missions” based on a model of itinerant preaching.

Followers of the Zulu king, Cetshwayo, including his brother, Dabulamanzi', 1879