Group items tagged

Projansky, Sarah. Autumn, 2001. "The Elusive/Ubiquitous Representation of Rape: A Historical Survey of Rape in U.S. Film, 1903 - 1972. Cinema Journal 41: 63 - 90. This article was a wonderful article for me to begin my research with because it led me into many of the topics I wish to discuss within my research paper. In fact, the article was a main instigator in my changing my research topic solely to film and its relation to rape, rather than film and pornography and their relation to rape. This article argues "that rape is a central theme in American cinema… [That] not a year has gone by since the beginning of cinema when rape, attempted rape, or other forms of sexual violence were not represented or alluded to in films" (63). Many of the topics that surface throughout this article will be key in explaining my own film selections and how they promote patriarchic ideals, the submission of women, and the desensitization of rape that film presents historically and globally to its viewers. Topics I will touch upon include Production Code regulations (from the beginning of film to present), rape in relation to women's vulnerability, independence and the family, rape in relation to economic and social class ambivalence, and finally, rape in relation to race. All these subtopics arise in differing aspects of each film I have chosen to consider in relation to my research topic. Overall, this article is the perfect push I needed to get my research started, and it will continue to be valuable as the holder of the bedrock ideas and topics I wish to present within my paper.

This sound clip interview discusses the first UK studies and survey of violence against women... well, not so much women as adolescent girls. I appreciated this news bit as it was addressing younger girls and women who are facing some of the same problems that older women are facing in marital or intimate relationships. Many of these young women are dealing with battering and typical types of domestic violence that most people only relate to older women. Christine Barter, senior research fellow for the School of Policy Studies at Bristol University is head of the research. Once the research is obtained, it is examined in relation to the government's policies. People are hoping to catch this violence early and teach girls about it so as to prevent it later in their lives. I find this to be a noble and valuable effort. Relates to past readings like Crenshaw, Yllo, Ptacek, Tjaden, and DeKeseredy.

Sorry, I must have hit the enter key before finishing. There is supposed to be a " after Behavior and a paragraph explanation. Dagg, Anne Innis. 1998. "Infanticide by Male Lions Hypothesis: A Fallacy Influencing Research into Human Behavior." American Anthropologist 100.4: 940-50. ------. 2000. "The Infanticide Hypothesis: A Response to the Response." American Anthropologist 102.4: 831-4. I thought it would be interesting and helpful to look at a cross-species examination of infanticide as Silverstein did. In these two articles, Ann Innis Dagg disproves the idea that males are biologically programmed to commit acts of infanticide and then mate with the deceased infant's mother in order to pass on his genes instead of the other male's. Her research further helps me understand how infanticide is a culturally constructed practice that needs to be examined further in that manner.

Malamuth, Neil., Briere, John. 1986. "Sexual Violence in the Media: Indirect Effects on Aggression Against Women." Journal of Social Issues 42(3):75-92 * Research done by Malamuth and Briere has shown links between violent and sexual images of women in mass media and the development of thought patterns of aggression and antisocial behavior. Within their research they tested men exposed to violent or sexual images of women in the media, as well as pornography. On such experiment was to test images in pornography men were shown three situations a rape with positive effects for the woman, a rape with negative effects for the woman, and consensual sex. The responses of the men were recorded. I find this study particularly interesting because it doesn't just show that erotic-aggressive images in pornography can cause aggression, but that it can actually alter thought patterns. This research provides a lot of information on how a culture can be formed thinking a certain way because of what they are exposed to.

In the midst of taking a class on the different outlets of Violence Against Women, the student is often left with a better understanding of how and why rape, physical assault, murder, human trafficking, and Femicide against females occurs as well as an overwhelming feeling of helpless and hopeless. The website entitled the "Virtual Knowledge Centre to End Violence Against Women and Girls" is an attempt to take pro-active steps in helping the public form campaigns, educate others, seek justice, form legislation and public policy, prevent, discover where safety zones exist, and research the various locations where the violence exists. It truly takes a step in helping the public feel less helpless and asking questions of what the can do to help because it directly leads one toward the answers.

(This is the organization's website that produced my source. Diigo would not allow me to bookmark the actual source because it is a pdf file so I am doing the organization's website instead) Consejo Centroamericana de Procuradores de Derechos Humanos 2006 Situación y análisis del femicidio en la Región Centroamericana. Instituto Interamericanode Derechos Humanos Secretaría Técnica (IIDH). http://www.conadeh.hn/pdf/Femicidio.pdf, accesed March 2010 Consejo Centroamericano de Procuradores de Derechos Humanos 2006 Situación y análisis del femicidio en la Región Centroamericana. Instituto Interamericano de Derechos Humanos Secretaría Técnica (IIDH). http://www.conadeh.hn/pdf/Femicidio.pdf, accessed March 2010 "Situación y análisis del femicidio en la Región Centroamericana" is a document that presents data and statistics on violence against women in Central America. The study is focused on femicide but there is a small amount of information on domestic violence. This study is important to my paper for two main reasons. First, it does provide some information on the occurrences of domestic violence which is helpful to answering one part of my research question which studies the role of domestic violence targeted against women in Latin America. Secondly, this study provides a lot of information and data on femicide in Central America, including rates and laws. This immense amount of data on femicide in contrast with the little presented on domestic abuse demonstrates what is constituted as a problem in the region and what is considered to be important enough to study. Femicide has been constructed as the main issue targeting women in Latin America which is why this study and many others focus solely on that rather than other forms of violence against women as well. In my paper I am also looking at the constraints to studying domestic violen

This article is useful to the development of my research because of its currency and differentiation from the books I have already bookmarked. This article's highlights are: women and girls as young as four are raped on a daily basis, 100 percent of women in camps are reported as facing gender-based abuse, and the Sudanese government dismissing or denying rape as violence in Darfur. This article will help me look at the issue from a different standpoint as the books I am using come from the voice of anthropologists where this is the voice of a new reporter--something much different and more literal or scientific. Here, the reference to culture is taken out and we are able to look at the issue objectively.

In conducting research for my final paper, which focuses on the correlation between domestic abuse and homelessness, I have gained an awareness of the urgent need for housing options for women in abusive relationships. Lack of housing is often the reason why a women chooses to stay with an abusive partner; the woman's safety is severely compromised due to a preventable problem. DASH's Empowerment initiative aims to provide women with safe transitional housing and support. For a scared woman who is contemplating leaving her abusive partner, the knowlege of a supportive organization, such as DASH, could be just the push she needs to escape. Though this organization is in the D.C area, I believe it is essential that such organizations are spread throughout the country.

First of all, I think this is such a great topic for a research paper and I am looking forward to see what conclusions you can reach from this correlation. I think people often overlook that empowerment cannot only come in the form of education to women, the importance of tangible empowerment like immediate housing is crucial to actually empower a woman to be able to leave an abusive situation. I especially thought the tools+trainig section of the site was an important resource since it describes how this organization goes about providing for help in housing and at the different levels (community based, government help etc.)

Watts, Charlotte., Zimmerman, Cathy. 2002. "Violence against women: global scope and magnitude." The Lancet 359:1232-1237 * This article does not directly deal with pornography, but merely touches upon it. I kept this article because it provides a lot of information about violence against women around the world. It provides the basis for my knowledge on violence in general and touches upon many different reasons for the violence. What helps me particular within my research is that it provides a global perspective on the violence which I hadn't been able to find in other research.

Lehman, Peter. 2006. Pornography: Film and Culture. Piscataway, NJ: Rutgers University Press. * This book is one of the most helpful for my research. Within it are 13 articles written by various scholars discussing the phenomenon of pornography. They address pornography culturally, sexually, and economically, and while they touch on religious and feminist views of pornography they attempt to remain neutral throughout their discussions. I think that when doing any research regarding pornography its important to understand it as a genre and from as many perspectives as possible. In that I find this to be one of my most valuable sources. Having sections written by various scholars that address pornography from all angles provides an enormous amount of background information without creating a bias.

One of our shared readings

Miller, Barbara D. 2001. "Female-Selective Abortion in Asia: Patterns, Policies, and Debates." American Anthropologist. 102(4): 1083-1095. This article discusses aspects of Asian culture that support son preference, the leading cause for sex-selective abortion and female infanticide. It is important to understand a culture's belief system in order to make sense of their communal actions. Miller, by her use of cultural anthropology, has helped me better understand not only Asian culture, but the global context to explain prenatal gender discrimination.

Oomman, Nandini, and Bela R. Ganatra. 2002. "Sex Selection: The Systematic Elimination of Girls." Reproductive Health Matters.10(19): 184-8. I found that this article applied to my research on an ethical level. There is agreement that there needs to be an improved status for women and girls, which will hopefully and eventually diminish the insistence on sex selection. This article answers the questions: Is sex selection a part of a women's right to free choice? Role of medical profession? Are all manifestations of sex selection equally unethical? Solutions? Do solutions pose new ethical dilemmas? Gender-based preference for pregnancy, why sex selection should be available as a form of reproductive choice, empowering for women? (This was published in the issue titled, "Abortion: Women Decide.")

"The simple statement, 'I Am an Emotional Creature,' becomes a challenge to the myriad ways in which girls are looked at but not seen, talked about but not listened to, used, discarded, violated, exploited, maimed, and at the extreme killed. Like a woman claiming her body, a girl claiming her emotions breaks a silence and unleashes a vast resource of clean energy, an energy that can inspire all of us to transform and heal the world."-Foreword Excerpt This new book is part of a bigger movement that seeks to end violence against women worldwide. This book is from the same author of the Vagina Monologues and seeks to raise awareness on the current state of the lives of girls and the, sometimes horrific, experiences girls around the world have growing up. I bookmarked this book's site because this book is one of many creative ways in which people are seeking to contribute to solving the problem of violence against women. By writting this book she is appealing to masses of girls that are more prone to reading this book than doing research on the phenomena of Femicides. It is reaching out to a different demographic and empowering them by raising awareness on this issue.

Donnerstein, Edward., Berkowitz, Leonard. 1981. "Victim Reactions in Aggressive Erotic Films as a Factor in Violence Against Women." Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 41(4): 710-724 * This article addresses a follow-up study by Donnerstein and a colleague to his previous study on aggressive-erotic films. This study went further to test whether the outcomes would be the same with male vs. female confederates, and aggressive-erotic films with positive vs. negative outcomes. This article is important as it provides further evidence and controls for more outside influences. Donnerstein also provides extensive background on both the theoretical and applied aspects of erotica which is extremely helpful in my research.

Donnerstein, Edward. 1980. "Aggressive Erotica and Violence Against Women." Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 39(2): 269-277 * This article was written to describe a study conducted by Edward Donnerstein on whether or not aggressive-erotic stimuli would make males more aggressive towards females. In this study males were shown either neutral, erotic, or aggressive erotic stimuli and then given an opportunity to deliver electric shock to a female confederate. Out of the 120 males subjects who participated in the study it was shown than even non-angered males showed an increase in aggression towards the female after viewing the aggressive-erotic film. I think that this article will be extremely useful in my research as it provides evidence of the effect of aggressive-erotic films on men, even when those men had in no other way been angered.

Dines, Gail., Jensen, Bob. 1997. Pornography: The Production and Consumption of Inequality. New York, NY: Routledge. * This book is quite interesting because it is written by feminists that are involved in the anti-pornography movement. Because of their stance it is important to try and read what they present objectively. What the authors claim to be doing within their book is changing sex from something used to oppress women, to something used to liberate them. In order to do that they point out all of the social, and legal constructs that cause pornography to be so detrimental to women. This book does not provide and empirical evidence or research, but does provide an extensive overview of pornography's role in the cultural construction of gender and sexual identity. I think that this book will be extremely helpful in both causing me to think from a perspective I may not have before, as well as providing an extensive amount of background information.

Horeck, Tanya. 2004. Public Rape: Representing Violation in Fiction and Film. New York, New York: Routledge. This is important for all the above reasons listed in source 11, however this book is not as expansive in information as Projansky's book. Still, this book is more advantageous in supplying me with more information about the film The Accused, relating an entire section to this subject. The first part (of three) deals with the ideas of fantasy and origin stories of rape. This chapter deals precisely with the issue of where one can draw the line between fantasy and reality - key to my research paper. This book is very interesting in its dealing with this topic. It is one of the first to actually mention how exactly all this perhaps originated. Again, this book will be very useful as a grounding reference to my paper with its broad yet concise discussion of rape in film.