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Salvatore Maiorana

Outline of Educational Learning Theories and Theorists - 0 views

www.teachersgarden.com/...learningtheorists.html

theories of education learning theories theorists TPA

shared by Salvatore Maiorana on 23 Sep 13 - No Cached
  • Dewey Learning by Doing Learning occurs through experience. Erikson Socioemotional Development Erikson's "Eight Stages of Man" describes a series of crises individuals pass through at different ages. The stages begin with "trust versus mistrust" in infancy and continue through a series of paired outcomes for each age through older adulthood.
  • Piaget Genetic Epistemology Developmental stages of child development: 0-2 years: "sensorimotor" - motor development 3-7 years: "preoperation" - intuitive 8-11 years: "concrete operational" - logical, but non-abstract 12-15 years: "formal operations" - abstract thinking
  • Kohlberg Stages of Moral Development Pre-Conventional - based on self-centered interests Conventional - based on conformity to local expectations Post-Conventional - based on higher principles
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  • Skinner Operant Conditioning (Behaviorism) Learning is the result of changes in behavior. As stimulus-response cycles are reinforced, individuals are "conditioned" to respond. Distinguished from Connectionism because individuals can initiate responses, not merely respond to stimuli.
  • Salvatore Maiorana on 23 Sep 13
     
    A quick guide to Educational Theorist, great for the TPA
Thomas Merrill

The Reader, the Text, the Poem | Notes in the Margin | Mary Daniels Brown - 0 views

www.notesinthemargin.org/...the-reader-the-text-the.html

theory

shared by Thomas Merrill on 10 Feb 14 - No Cached
  • Reader-response criticism emphasizes the reader’s reaction while reading a literary work in what Rosenblatt in the preface of this book calls “the reader’s contribution in the two-way, ‘transactional’ relationship with the text” (p. ix). In reaction to the New Critics, Rosenblatt tells us, “I rejected the notion of the poem-as-object, and the neglect of both author and reader” (p. xii).
  • Thomas Merrill on 10 Feb 14
     
    Rosenblatt's Theory
Garth Holman

What is Curriculum Theory by William F. Pinar (Multiple Participant Book Review) | Joy ... - 1 views

www.academia.edu/...tiple_Participant_Book_Review_

Pinar Currere Research

shared by Garth Holman on 10 Mar 14 - No Cached
  • primary of which is the idea that curriculum is a “complicated conversation.”
  • Pinar argues that curriculum  –  or  currere    –  is an organic idea rather than a Socraticmessage that never changes (Pinar, 2011) Teachers must discover this currere for themselvesthrough methods of self reflection and self discovery.
  • Pinar has a good grasp of the situation stating “standardization makes everyonestupid,” and “to deny the past and force the future, we teach to the test.”
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  • What knowledge is of most worth (pg. 210)? This is a difficult question that requiresreflection into what is the most at stake for us as teachers and for our students as learners.
  • The conflict within this text focuses on the loss of power and privilege of teachers over the teaching profession. Pinar (2011) states, "How could we have so fallen in the public's eyethat we are no longer entitled to professional self-governance, the very prerequisite for  professionalism?" (p. 69).
  • The inability for teachers to have a voice results in an environment in which the professionalism aspect of a professional group has been diminished to a non-existent level.
  • illiam F. Pinar‟s purpose in writing this book is to ask us [the student] to question this  present moment and our relation to it. In doing so, we are to question the very reason behind what it means to teach, “To study, to become “educated” in the presen t moment (Pinar, 2011)
  • Pinar vision of schooling is   to "understand, not just implement or evaluate thecurriculum" (Pinar, 2011). He urges educators to know what they are teaching. Reciting from a text and reading from a manual is not teaching in his opinion and it‟s not teaching in ours either. As students we are asked to brainstorm and use our imagination to picture the perfect scenario.Pinar is asking teachers to do the same
  • Pinar describes curriculum theory as: an interdisciplinary field in which teacher education is conceived as the professionalization of intellectual freedom, fore fronting teachers‟ and students‟ individuality (originality), their creativity, and constantly engaging in ongoing if complicatedconversation informed by a self-reflexive, interdisciplinary erudition (Pinar, 2011)
  • By tying the curriculum to student performance on standardized test, teachers were forced toabandon their intellectual freedom to choose what they teach, how they teach, and how theyassess student learning (Pinar, 2011). Failure to learn has been the result of separating the   WHAT IS CURRICULUM THEORY? 8 curriculum from the interest of students and the passion of teachers.
  • Contemporary is referring to a person in thesame field or time period as you. Pinar is trying to emphasize that we are not all moving at thesame speed when it comes to educating middle and elementary students
  • Teachers are then empowered tohave a voice to influence the curriculum in such a manner that positively contributes to studentlearning. Pinar is urging teachers to take back their classroom. Take the initiative and leadwithout boundaries. Instruct without guidelines and open your mind to learning indirectly fromyour students
  • Students are set up to fail but it is not really their fault.   They attend school where the system begs for learning to equate to test scores and they become “consumers” of  educational s ervices rather than “students” This system also encourages drop-outs becauseschools only want to teach students that have acceptable test scores which benefits the school‟s accountability. Students do not experience an environment that places importance on the development of ideas and critical thinking but rather the successful completion of atest.
  • Demonization of the teacher has been the result of the current political and economic powers have placed the teacher in an unimportant position in the educational hierarchy andassume that business leaders know more about the curriculum and teaching than the teachersknow themselves. Teachers have become “technicians” because of school deform and are encouraged to replace ideas and know ledge with “cognitive skills” that will fit into the  jobsettings of the future. According to Pinar, these skills result in historical amnesia, political passivity and cultural standardization.
  • He invites us to become “temporal” subjects of history, living simultaneously in the past, present, and future  –  aware of the historical conditions that haveshaped the current situation, engaged in the present battles being waged over the course anddirection of public education, and committed to re-building a democratic public sphere.
Michael O'Connor

Learning Styles and Children | Funderstanding - 0 views

www.funderstanding.com/...learning-styles-and-children

learning learning styles styles children resources teaching tools

shared by Michael O'Connor on 02 Nov 12 - No Cached
  • 20 to 30 percent of learners remember through hearing, 40 percent retain information visually, and the rest either have higher memory retention after writing something down or through real-life activities.
  • There are three learning styles – visual, auditory, and kinesthetic and tactile.
  • Visual Learners Visual learners like having information presented to them in an eye-catching way, have strong visualization skills, and to see the “big picture.” Enjoy a fun activity with visual learners encouraging their language and reading skills. Tie the activity into the child’s homework by using vocabulary or spelling words for an upcoming test. Help the child create a list of nouns, verbs, adjectives, and pronouns to use for the activity. If they have a list of vocabulary or spelling words they need to memorize for school, they can be added to the list. Kids can select a color for each type of word and then write them onto flashcards using the coordinating color for each word group (green for nouns). Have the child place the cards in stacks according to color/type. Discuss with the child that they will be creating a visual language story using the words by placing them into sentences and a finished story. This encourages visual learners to see the big picture and understand the final outcome of the activity. Once the child has begun forming sentences, he can arrange them to form a story, working until all the words have been used. Tap into his auditory and kinesthetic/tactile learning, and his active processors, by having him read the story out loud while acting it out.
Mr. D D

Constructivist Learning - 1 views

www.personal.psu.edu/...construct.htm

shared by Mr. D D on 05 Oct 13 - Cached
  • Constructivism is an epistemological belief about what "knowing" is and how one "come to know."
  • rejects the notions
  • Constructivism, with focus on social nature of cognition, suggests an approach that
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  • learners the
  • learners the
  • learners the
  • opportunity for concrete, contextually meaningful experience through which they can search for patterns, raise their own questions, and construct their own models.
  • engage in activity, discourse, and reflection
  • take on more ownership of the ideas, and to pursue autonomy, mutual reciprocity of social relations, and empowerment to be the goals.
  • "knowledge proceeds neither solely from the experience of objects nor from an innate programming
  • but from successive constructions."
  • and the effect of social interaction, language, and culture on learning.
  • This movement occurs in the so-called "zone of proximal development" as a result of social interaction.
  • disappointed with the overwhelming control of environment over human behavior that is represented in behaviorism.
  • recognized two
  • internalization
  • basic processes operating continuously at every level of human activity
  • internalization and externalization
  • complex mental function is first an interaction between people
  • becomes a process within individuals
  • This transformation involves the mastery of external means of thinking and learning to use symbols to control and regulate one's thinking.
  • the claim is that mental processes can be understood only if we understand the tools and signs that mediate them
  • the gesture of pointing could not have been established as a sign without the reaction of the other person.
  • Bruner's key concepts
  • mode of representing past events through appropriate motor responses
  • which enables
  • perceiver to "summarize events by organization of percepts and of images
  • symbol system which represents things by design features that can be arbitrary and remote, e.g. language
  • Bruner's influence on instruction
  • Translating material into children's modes of thought:
  • enable learners to develop cognitive growth: questioning, prompting
  • discovery as" all forms of obtaining knowledge for oneself by the use of one's own mind
  • Interpersonal interaction
  • Discovery learning:
  • Spiral Curriculum:
  • promote concept discovery, the teacher presents the set of instances that will best help learners to develop an appropriate model of the concept.
  • cognitive constructivists
  • sociocultural constructivists
  • focusing on the individual cognitive construction of mental structures;
  • emphasizing the social interaction and cultural practice on the construction of knowledge
  • Promote discovery in the exercise of problem solving
  • Variables in instruction: nature of knowledge, nature of the knower, and nature of the knowledge-getting process
  • Feedback must be provided in a mode that is both meaningful and within the information-processing capacity of the learner.
  • Intrinsic pleasure of discovery promote a sense of self-reward
  • Knowledge cannot exist independently from the knower;
  • Learning is viewed as self-regulatory process
  • Cognitive constructivists focus on the active mental construction struggling with the conflict between existing personal models of the world, and incoming information in the environment.
  • Sociocultural constructivists emphasis
  • in which learners construct their models of reality as a meaning-making undertaking with culturally developed tools and symbols
  • and negotiate such meaning thorough cooperative social activity, discourse and debate (
  • Learners are active in making sense of things instead of responding to stimuli.
  • learners " make tentative interpretations of experience
  • requires invention and self-organization
  • Errors need to be perceived as a result of learners' conceptions and therefore not minimized or avoided.
  • the learners are responsible for defending, proving, justifying, and communicating their ideas to the classroom community.
  • humans seek to organize and generalize across experiences
  • According to TIP's
  • Theory Into Practice
  • Spiral organization:
  • Going beyond the information given:
  • Readiness:
  • learning is an active process in which learners construct new ideas or concepts based upon their current/past knowledge.
  • learning is an active process in which learners construct new ideas or concepts based upon their current/past knowledge.
  • learning is an active process in which learners construct new ideas or concepts based upon their current/past knowledge.
  • that learning is an active process in which learners construct new ideas or concepts based upon their current/past knowledge.
  • Instruction must be structured so that it can be easily grasped by the student
  • learning is an active process in which learners construct new ideas or concepts based upon their current/past knowledge.
  • learning is an active process in which learners construct new ideas or concepts based upon their current/past knowledge.
  • Bruner's major theoretical framework is that learning is an active process in which learners construct new ideas or concepts based upon their current/past knowledge.
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