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Psychologist James Gilligan argues that there is a common emotional experience shared by all perpetrators of violent crime: shame. According to Gilligan, shame is also the primary motivation behind government-sanctioned punishments. Crime and punishment share a common purpose: to annihilate shame and restore self-respect. The result: violent crime never ends. Punishment of violent criminals replaces public shame with pride, and the community feels better now that "something has been done." But punishment does not heal shame; it only hands it back to the criminal, who must commit more violent crime in order to correct what he perceives as an injustice done to him by the authorities.

1948 brought in a new Super Villain for comic book superhero Batman and Robin, Edward Nigma, in the disguise of The Riddler. The Riddler was more of a smooth talker with a quirky nature who was obsessed with sending riddles to Batman and the police before each of his crimes. No matter how hard he tried not to send a riddle, he just couldn't resist it.

One of comic book superhero Batman's arch nemesis The Joker first appeared in the 1940 comic Batman #1 but he didn't appear on tv until 1966 in the Adam West version of Batman. Bob Kane, Bill Finger and Jerry Robinson were the co-creators of The Joker. However once again Bob Kane has a different story about The Joker's creations. The Joker was drawn to look like a photographer of Conrad Veidt as he was in The Man Who Laughs (1928) and the name came from the playing cards which Finger had brought in one day. The Joker has also gone by many other aliases, The Clown Prince of Crime, Red Hood, Jack, Joseph 'Joe' Kerr, Clem Rusty, Mr. Rekoj, Jack White. Be that as it may, let's have a look here at who's played comic book Supervillain The Joker over the years.Like Batman, The Joker will always be a work in progress, so check back from time to time to see what might be different or if there's a new Joker in the mist.

In this riveting nonfiction book, John Hubner takes us inside a treatment program for the most severely violent youth criminals in the state. In Texas, where prison conditions are harsh and most offenders receive determinate sentences, intensive treatment programs offer violent kids a final chance to change their antisocial patterns of behavior. At the Giddings State School, a treatment facility for the most serious criminal youth offenders in Texas, John Hubner follows one group of boys and one group of girls as they work their way through their final phase of rehabilitation: the Capital and Serious Violent Offenders group treatment program.