Sociology @ WIC

five major birth order positions: only, oldest, second, middle, and youngest child

. Each one of these had its own personality traits, ingrained psychological issues, and effects later in life.

only child

April 1, 2003, the Youth Criminal Justice Act (YCJA)

emphasize the rehabilitation and re-entry of a young offender into society.

"The youth criminal justice system is to prevent crime by addressing the circumstances underlying a young person's offending behaviour, rehabilitate young persons who commit offences and reintegrate them back into society, and ensure that a young person is subject to meaningful consequences for his or her offences, in order to promote the long-term protection of the public."

Researchers in Hamilton, Ohio, documented that students participating in a string pullout program scored higher on the reading, mathematics and citizenship portions of the Ohio Proficiency Test (OPT), than their non-music peers.

This study paired string and non-music students based on their verbal Cognitive Abilities Test (COGAT). Four groups of string students were released two times a week for instruction. Two of those four groups scored significantly higher on the reading and mathematics portion of the OPT than their non-music peers. Additionally, 68% of string students scored at grade level or higher on all four sections of the test compared to 58% of the non-music students. For more information (Michael D. Wallick, Ohio City Schools)

SAT scores of students who took part in music instruction surpassed students with no music training. Data collected from students taking the SAT, indicated that students taking music and arts averaged scores that were higher than non music students by 60 points on the verbal section and 43 points on the math section.

We know that music can alter your mood

. Films have been using musical scores for years to create the right mood for a scene. At times you hardly notice the music at all but you are very receptive to the mood being conveyed. So can we use music to put us in a "productive" mood?

Research seems to support such a claim. For example, a trial where 75 out of 256 workers at a large retail company were issued with personal stereos to wear at work for four weeks showed a 10% increase in productivity for the headphone wearers. Other similar research conducted by researchers at the University of Illinois found a 6.3% increase when compared with the no music control group.

Your favourite rock band where you sing along to all the lyrics for example is not a good choice.

You can also use music to break up your study time. It's great for example to study for 40 minutes with music then 30 minutes without, each time you make a shift it will seem like a fresh study period and can actually help you study more effectively for longer.

Classical music has been widely touted as favorable to intelligence. According to Sylvan Learning centers, studies indicate that soft, classical musical aids in concentration, and, according to Scholastic, studies also indicate that classical music stimulates the section of the brain used in math.

Loud music with words can often be more distracting than beneficial if you are trying to study.

The stereotype of the 16-year-old boy is that he has sex on the brain. But a fascinating new report suggests that boys are motivated

more by love and a desire to form real relationships with th

e girls they date.

The study does beg one age-old question: Which came first? Do kids think better of themselves because they're involved in sports, or do they get involved in sports because they already have higher self-esteem? "It's difficult to swoop into a one-time study and then determine whether the kids have better self-esteem to begin with," says McHale.

The institute conducted a random survey of 29,760 high school students earlier this year (as they have every two years since 1992) and found that the next generation of leaders have a somewhat casual relationship with the truth.

And they lie even more than they steal. Forty-two percent say they have lied to save money (compared with 39 percent in 2006), and 83 percent said they lied to their parents about something significant.

1: We Freak Out

2: Practice what you Preach -

In a recent survey of almost 9,000 high school students: 92% lied to their parents in the past 12 months (79% two or more times) 78% lied to a teacher 71% cheated on a test would lie to get a job