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Catherine Preston

Chapter 09 - Stratification - 0 views

freebooks.uvu.edu/...09.html

sociology academics article system

shared by Catherine Preston on 13 Nov 13 - No Cached
  • Layers occur almost everywhere in nature: in tissues of the human body, rock formations in the ground, atmospheres around the earth, and in societies of every nation on the earth. We call these layers strata and the process of layering stratification.
  • Social Stratification is the socio-economic layering of society's members according to property, power, and prestige. Property is all the wealth, investments, deeded and titled properties, and other tangible sources of income. Power is the ability to get one's way even in the face of opposition to one's goals. Prestige is the degree of social honor attached with your position in society.
    • Catherine Preston
      Catherine Preston on 13 Nov 13
       
      What makes the layers are the gaps between the haves and the have-nots as well as the gaps of the different economic classes.
  • ...25 more annotations...
  • here are layers of social stratification in every society
  • here are the "haves" who coexist with the masses or "Have nots."
  • he PRB uses a measure of relative economic well being called the GNI PPP. The GNI PPP is the gross national income of a country converted to international dollars using a factor called the purchasing power parity.
  • lets you understand how much a person could buy in the US with a given amount of money, regardless of the country's currency.
  • That means the stratification difference between the world's top five countries is over 149 times higher than the bottom 5 countries.
  • The US ranks high $45, 840 per capita (per person) but is the 6th wealthiest behind Luxembourg, Norway, Kuwait, Brunei, and Singapore.
  • More Developed Nations are nations with comparably higher wealth than most countries of the world including: Western Europe; Canada, United States, Japan, and Australia-these are also called Now Rich Countries.
  • lso called Now Poor Countries.
  • Africa is the poorest region with the average person making less than 1/10th of what the average US person makes.
  • Again Luxembourg at $64,400 has a score over 20 times higher than Africa's; 11 times higher than Asia (Excl. China); and 7 times higher than Latin America.
  • The higher the GNI PPP the better off the average person in that country
  • Females made much less income than males in all categories.
  • The Hispanic category is lowest for males and females.
  • Asians had the highest personal income for both sexes (Data for Asians was not reported prior to 2004).
  • The first thing you see is that dual-earner marrieds (both husband and wife work in labor force) by far have the highest income levels between 1990 and 2006.
  • husband only in labor force) comes in next followed closely by single males
    • Catherine Preston
      Catherine Preston on 13 Nov 13
       
      This is a great example of how the value of a woman as capital does not lie in income because it is inferior to male's 
  • In sum, the females with the highest income are married.
  • Single females reported the lowest income
  • Basically, the higher the education, the higher the annual income in 2007.
  • higher for Whites and Asians
  • Blacks and Hispanics
  • Official data begin to tell you the story about how the layers look in a society.
  • Over 40 percent of Hispanics, African Americans, and Native Americans dropped out.
  • In the US, non-Whites, non-Asians, and non-males are more likely to be found in the lower layers.
sorayadergham

Ici, Chez soi - ONF/interactif - Office national du film du Canada - 0 views

chezsoi.onf.ca/#/chezsoi/montreal

shared by sorayadergham on 22 Sep 15 - No Cached
  • sorayadergham on 22 Sep 15
     
    C: 2013 R: Gives stats and exemple of homlesness in Montreal. A: Office National du Film du Canada A: editors work for the gov. P: to inform
jonah-e

Chapter 08 - Deviance and Crime - 0 views

freebooks.uvu.edu/...08.html

shared by jonah-e on 03 Dec 13 - No Cached
  • xactly who has the power and authority to define the behavior as being normal or deviant.
  • education
  • religions,
  • ...60 more annotations...
  • governments,
  • media
  • family
  • Durkheim argued that deviance, especially extreme forms are functional in that they challenge and offend the established norms in the larger collective conscience.
  • deviance reaffirms norms when the deviants are punished;
  • promotes solidarit
  • clear contrasting point of comparison
  • stimulates social change.
  • Extreme deviance does make us consider “normal” behavior on the personal and larger social level.
  • But, what if this distribution was not an indicat8ion of test scores, but rather the frequency of times potential roommates stole food from the private stashes of previous roommates? You’d clearly want a score closer to 0 than 80.
  • National studies indicate that less than 5 percent of the United States population considers itself to be exclusively homosexual.
  • s homosexuality deviant or normal?”
  • “Does that make it more or less common and therefore more or less deviant?” I ask.
    • Daryl Bambic
      Daryl Bambic on 04 Dec 13
       
      Think about the relationship of these two ideas: common (so mean) and normal (so deviant).
  • actor violates group norms but complies with the law, it is deviance.
  • how can something be deviant and normal at the same time?”
  • We rarely have total agreement on what’s normal
  • ethnocentrism tends to burn cross-cultural bridges
  • across time; across cultures, and from group to group.
  • shifting values.
  • Deviance varies between cultures because values vary between cultures.
  • ontributed to higher or lower levels of trust over time.
  • The point of this story is that in most social groups a beat down would be considered deviant. In a gang it’s very much normal. Yet, in this situation, not beating him down was deviant within his gang, yet a wise choice.
  • Absolutist Perspective claims that deviance resides in the very nature of an act and is wrong at all times and in all places.
  • Normative Perspective claims that deviance is only a violation of a specific group's or society's rules at a specific point in time
  • Reactive Perspective claims that behavior does not become deviant unless it is disapproved of by those in authority (laws
  • Stigma
  • deviance is a violation of a norm
  • Conformity
  • “random act of senseless kindness”
  • legal and normal
  • complies with group norms yet breaks the law, it’s called crime.
  • normal crime.
  • As mentioned, deviants and criminals make us reassess our values and make new rules and laws
  • crime is often found in every society
  • iolates norms and breaks the law, then it’s Deviant and Criminal behavior
  • Power Elite are the political, corporate, and military leaders of a society are uniquely positioned to commit Elite Crimes, or crimes of insider nature that typically are difficult to punish and have broad social consequences upon the masses.
  • issues of power and powerlessness. It’s about who has the power and how they attempt to force their values and rules upon those who don’t have it.
  • remember that Anomie is a state of social normlessness which occurs when our lives or society has vague norms)
  • disproportionately high level of non-whites who ended up among the 2006 1,570,861 incarcerated members of society
  • Labeling Theory claims
  • majority of US prisoners have been in prison before (perhaps 60-80%
  • Phrenology is an outdated scientific approach of studying the shape and characteristics of the skull.
  • White-Collar Crimes are crimes committed by persons of respectable and high social status committed in the course of their occupations.
  • Street Crimes are crimes
  • Organized Crime
  • Hate Crimes
  • Norm is a set of expected behaviors for a given role and social status.
    • Daryl Bambic
      Daryl Bambic on 04 Dec 13
       
      Do you agree with this definition?  Can you see what the consequences of this might be?
    • jonah-e
      jonah-e on 04 Dec 13
       
      yes. and the consequences might be that since you always excpect the excpected you will never excpect the unexcpected. 
  • Look at the diagram below.
  • Is a mean of 80 good or desirable?
    • Daryl Bambic
      Daryl Bambic on 04 Dec 13
       
      Think of 80, or the mean, as the norm.  When you think of it this way, is it desirable?
  • That depends on what these scores represent.
  • Values also vary between groups
  • An absolutists would probably fall among the 1 in 4 who feel that abortion is always wrong, because it is an unacceptable act. A normative individual would consider the circumstances (rape, incest, diagnoses, or health of mother) while a reactive would consider the legality of abortion.
  • In every society when deviance is considered it is most often controlled.
  • Control is easier if attachments, commitment, involvement, and beliefs are stronger.
    • Daryl Bambic
      Daryl Bambic on 04 Dec 13
       
      The absence of this is called 'anomie' and signals the breakdown of a society. Sociologists would call this the loss of social cohesion.  
  • Attachments
  • Commitment
  • Involvement
  • Belief
    • Daryl Bambic
      Daryl Bambic on 04 Dec 13
       
      Think of these four factors that favor control of deviance in terms of your school.  How does each one of these manifest itself in school life?  Are they effective in reducing deviant behaviour?
  • Negative Sanctions are punishments or negative reactions toward deviance. Positive Sanctions are rewards for conforming behavior
    • Daryl Bambic
      Daryl Bambic on 04 Dec 13
       
      What type of sanctions, both positive and negative, do we see at WIC?
  • Table 5. Robert Merton’s Five Goal—Means Gap Coping Strategies*** 1.
    • Daryl Bambic
      Daryl Bambic on 04 Dec 13
       
      Don't worry about this section.
Daryl Bambic

» The Sociological Imagination Revisited The Sociological Imagination - 0 views

sociologicalimagination.org/...14301

sociological_imagination

shared by Daryl Bambic on 05 Nov 13 - No Cached
  • the popular mood was suffused with a strange sense of unease. It was a condition in which people were told by their papers, their screens, their politicians and ideologues that they lived in a state of freedom.
  • An American could be whoever they wanted to be and follow their own inclinations and desires. But the scope of this freedom was very much limited to every American’s private life
  • that all wasn’t safe and well
  • ...18 more annotations...
  • What the sociological imagination does is provide a way of thinking through and understanding social life, of how the inner lives of each of us as individuals are conditioned by social forces,
  • the imagination is also a ‘terrible’ realisation as it shows that our fate is largely something that is done to us, regardless of our choices.
  • rivate sphere
  • hat are its components?
  • How is society structured
  • What social groups hold sway
  • ow are they interrelated and mutually conditioning? How do they contribute to social persistence and social change? How does one society differ from another?
  • personal troubles
  • public issue
  • higher social scale
  • Mills’ thesis that unease and anxiety underlined the American (modern) condition
  • nsecurity, fatalism, fear for the future is a mass experience
  • social phenomenon
  • He argues that every age has a common intellectual denominato
  • zeitgeist
  • Consciously and unconsciously, social policy, sociology, emerging nationalisms, encouraged the view that relations between human beings were essentially an extension of the evolutionary struggle each and every species wages in the natural worl
  • Economists are forced to acknowledge the social dimension outside of their equations to explain the crash of 2008
  • sociological imagination is the habit of mind par excellence sociology as a discipline is stuck on the doldrums
mira ahmad

The Apathetic New Generation - CBS News - 2 views

www.cbsnews.com/...main574778.shtml

shared by mira ahmad on 03 Oct 10 - No Cached
  • We can't let apathy and ignorance become the status quo
    • mira ahmad
      mira ahmad on 03 Oct 10
       
      What this quote signifies is that we can't let ignorance and apathy be a reason for people not to make a difference. We need to change what's going on and make people realize the importance of several fundamental issues going on in today's world.
    • Daryl Bambic
      Daryl Bambic on 06 Oct 10
       
      Well said. The status quo - accepting things as they are and not making necessary changes- is like death because it's a state of non-growth.
  • The report found that younger people "do not understand the ideals of citizenship, they are disengaged from the political process, they lack the knowledge necessary for effective self-government, and their appreciation and support of American democracy is limited."
    • mira ahmad
      mira ahmad on 03 Oct 10
       
      Younger people don't know what's going on politically. When it comes time to vote, they won't be able to make their own decisions; they will most likely be lead to follow something that they don't truly understand.
    • Daryl Bambic
      Daryl Bambic on 06 Oct 10
       
      Do you think that it's only knowledge that they lack? Do you think that young people think their efforts won't make a difference in a 'corrupt' system?
    • mira ahmad
      mira ahmad on 24 Oct 10
       
      No, I do not think that it's the only knowledge that they lack. I was just giving an example. There are elements of corruption, but our society is always looking for change. I think that if people are really passionate, that their efforts will be worth while.
  • The baby boomers, the World War II generation and our schools have failed to teach the ideals of citizenship to young people."
  • mira ahmad on 03 Oct 10
     
    This article is useful for my project because it states facts and shows statistics that really show how younger people are unaware and apathetic towards issues that revolve around their own government. It helps us make our hypothesis of teen awareness more thorough.
Frankie Ferreira

Music and the Brain - 2 views

www.cerebromente.org.br/...musica.html

sociology project wiki music article effects academics brain

shared by Frankie Ferreira on 25 Oct 10 - Cached
  • One cannot deny the power of music. High school students who study music have higher grade point averages that those who don't. These students also develop faster physically. Student listening skills are also improved through music education. The top three schools in America all place a great emphasis on music and the arts. Hungary, Japan, and the Netherlands, the top three academic countries in the world, all place a great emphasis on music education and participation in music. The top engineers from Silicon Valley are all musicians. Napoleon understood the enormous power of music. He summed it up by saying, "Give me control over he who shapes the music of a nation, and I care not who makes the laws" .
  • Frankie Ferreira on 25 Oct 10
     
    This article goes very in depth about the effects and links that music have on our academic success and learning skills. They conclude with the fact that those who are musically knowledgable have better learning and listening skills than others, as well as a a faster physical development.
Patrick Reid

Brain Function and Music: How Does Music Affect The Brain and Learning? - 1 views

www.suite101.com/...rain-function-and-music-a22750

shared by Patrick Reid on 30 Sep 10 - No Cached
  • Martin Gardiner, research director at The Music School, theorizes that "learning arts skills forces mental 'stretching' useful to other areas of learning: the maths learning advantage could, for example, reflect the development of mental skills such as ordering, and other elements of thinking on which mathematical learning at this age also depends." [The National Association for Music Education, menc.org, May 23, 1996 issue of Nature]
    • Patrick Reid
      Patrick Reid on 30 Sep 10
       
      This Shows us a theory on how music affects the brain and here it is showing how it can help you with your math for example because it helps mental skills such as ordering and other important elements in math.
    • Patrick Reid
      Patrick Reid on 30 Sep 10
       
      This webpage is useful to my project even though there is not much information there is some very good information in my opinion about the brain and music and school which is perfect for my groups project.
  • Daryl Bambic on 24 Oct 10
     
    Not the best site for credibility.
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