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The CoI framework, with its emphasis on critical thinking and collaboration, provides a well-structured model and a set of guidelines to create effective learning communities in online and blended learning environments (Garrison & Anderson, 2003; Garrison & Vaughan, 2008).

Discussions are led by the students where outside content is brought in and expanded.  These discussions typically reach higher orders of critical thinking.Collaborative work is fluid with students shifting between various simultaneous discussions depending on their needs and interests.Content is given context as it relates to real-world scenarios.Students challenge one another during class on content.Student-led tutoring and collaborative learning forms spontaneously.  Students take ownership of the material and use their knowledge to lead one another without prompting from the teacher.Students ask exploratory questions and have the freedom to delve beyond core curriculum.Students are actively engaged in problem solving and critical thinking that reaches beyond the traditional scope of the course.Students are transforming from passive listeners to active learners.