you will want the custom menu to be displayed as soon as the Spreadsheet is opened. To do this,include an onOpen function in your script
array of objects
An array is a collection of elements that works something like a Spreadsheet. Each element in an array can be identified by its location in the array, called an index point.
Arrays
are zero-based
Arrays are a convenient way to store and manipulate data within a computer program or script.
Each menu item is placed inside curly braces, and this syntax defines each name-function name pair as an object.
After the definition of the menu entries comes the definition of the menu itself:
Here's generalized code for creating menu items and a menu.
The following code pops up a message box when a user selects a menu item on the new menu:
What is shame's purpose? Is shame still necessary?
Shame is what is supposed to occur after an individual fails to cooperate with the group.
Whereas guilt is evoked by an individual's standards, shame is the result of group standards. Therefore, shame, unlike guilt, is felt only in the context of other people.
Many animals use visual observations to decide whether to work with others.
humans are more cooperative when they sense they're being watched.
The feeling of being watched enhances cooperation, and so does the ability to watch others. To try to know what others are doing is a fundamental part of being human
Shame serves as a warning to adhere to group standards or be prepared for peer punishment. Many individualistic societies, however, have migrated away from peer punishment toward a third-party penal system
Shame has become less relevant in societies where taking the law into one's own hands is viewed as a breach of civility.
Many problems, like most concerning the environment, are group problems. Perhaps to solve these problems we need a group emotion. Maybe we need shame.
Guilt prevails in many social dilemmas
It is perhaps unsurprising that a set of tools has emerged to assuage this guilt
Guilt abounds in many situations where conservation is an issue.
The problem is that environmental guilt, though it may well lead to conspicuous ecoproducts, does not seem to elicit conspicuous results.
The positive effect of idealistic consumers does exist, but it is masked by the rising demand and numbers of other consumers.
Guilt is a valuable emotion, but it is felt by individuals and therefore motivates only individuals. Another drawback is that guilt is triggered by an existing value within an individual. If the value does not exist, there is no guilt and hence no action
Getting rid of shaming seems like a pretty good thing, especially in regulating individual behavior that does no harm to others. In eschewing public shaming, society has begun to rely more heavily on individual feelings of guilt to enhance cooperation.
five thousand years ago, there arose another tool: writing
Judges in various states issue shaming punishments,
shaming by the state conflicts with the law's obligation to protect citizens from insults to their dignity.
What if government is not involved in the shaming?
Is this a fair use of shaming? Is it effective?
Shaming might work to change behavior in these cases, but in a world of urgent, large-scale problems, changing individual behavior is insignificant
vertical agitation
Guilt cannot work at the institutional level, since it is evoked by individual scruples, which vary widely
But shame is not evoked by scruples alone; since it's a public sentiment, it also affects reputation, which is important to an institution.
corporate brand reputation outranked financial performance as the most important measure of success
shame and reputation interact
in our early evolution we could gauge cooperation only firsthand
Shaming, as noted, is unwelcome in regulating personal conduct that doesn't harm others. But what about shaming conduct that does harm others?
why we learned to speak.1
Language
The need to accommodate the increasing number of social connections and monitor one another could be
allowed for gossip, a vector of social information.
in cooperation games that allowed players to gossip about one another's performance, positive gossip resulted in higher cooperation.
Of even greater interest, gossip affected the players' perceptions of others even when they had access to firsthand information.
Human society today is so big that its dimensions have outgrown our brains.
What tool could help us gossip in a group this size?
We can use computers to simulate some of the intimacy of tribal life, but we need humans to evoke the shame that leads to cooperation. The emergence of new tools— language, writing, the Internet—cannot completely replace the eyes. Face-to-face interactions, such as those outside Trader Joe's stores, are still the most impressive form of dissent.
what is stopping shame from catalyzing social change? I see three main drawbacks:
Today's world is rife with ephemeral, or "one-off," interactions.
Research shows, however, that if people know they will interact again, cooperation improves
Shame works better if the potential for future interaction is high
In a world of one-off interactions, we can try to compensate for anonymity with an image score,
which sends a signal to the group about an individual's or institution's degree of cooperation.
Today's world allows for amorphous identities
It's hard to keep track of who cooperates and who doesn't, especially if it's institutions you're monitoring
Shaming's biggest drawback is its insufficiency.
Some people have no shame
shame does not always encourage cooperation from players who are least cooperative
a certain fraction of a given population will always behave shamelessly
if the payoff is high enough
There was even speculation that publishing individual bankers' bonuses would lead to banker jealousy, not shame
shame is not enough to catalyze major social change
This is why punishment remains imperative.
Even if shaming were enough to bring the behavior of most people into line, governments need a system of punishment to protect the group from the least cooperative players.
Today we are faced with the additional challenge of balancing human interests and the interests of nonhuman life.
Scope: The scope is that of creating a Community, involving social innovators, researchers, citizens, policy makers, which will bring together on the one hand research actions and results and on the other implementation actions, new initiatives, and policy developments.
Co-authorship has been increasing inexorably3, 4. Recently it has exploded.
Collaboration is normally a good thing from a wider public perspective. Knowledge is better transferred and combined by collaboration, and co-authored papers tend to be cited more frequently
The first paper with 1,000 authors was published in 2004
By last year, a total of 120 physics papers had more than 1,000 authors and 44 had more than 3,000
independent contributions to joint efforts, usually in the form of data, that involve only weak intellectual interaction
Papers with hundreds of co-authors contribute to the apparent pervasiveness of collaboration between countries.
Consequently, distinguishing Malta's own science performance is already impossible. This blurring of national distinctiveness could be a growing issue.
The rapid growth of each nation's research base and regional links, driven by relatively strong economies investing in innovation, will undoubtedly produce a regional research labour force to be reckoned with by 2020
China's rapid growth since 2000 is leading to closer research collaboration with Japan
Taiwan
South Korea
Australia
Asia-Pacific region
India has a growing research network with Japan, South Korea and Taiwan, although it is not as frequent a collaborator with China as one might expect
Middle East, Egypt and Saudi Arabia have a strong research partnership that is drawing in neighbours including Tunisia and Algeria.
Latin America has an emerging research network focused around Brazil,
has doubled its collaboration with Argentina, Chile and Mexico in the past five years
Africa has three distinct networks: in southern Africa, in French-speaking countries in West Africa and in English-speaking nations in East Africa.
proximity is just one of several factors in networks
use paths of least resistance to partnership, rather than routes that might provide other strategic gains
Commonwealth countries
have adopted similar research structures
Students
proximity
lower cost of living
generous government scholarships
Job opportunities
countries in science's old guard must drop their patrician tendencies, open up clear communication channels and join in with new alliances as equal participants before they find themselves the supplicants.
Collaboration between the public and private sectors has become more apparent because of government interest in exploiting research for economic competitiveness. Some data show that industrial investment in research seems to be dropping — perhaps a reaction to the recession, but the trend seems to be long term, at least in the United Kingdom9
Incentives for collaborative innovation investment that draws directly on the science base would be a good start.
So what are the costs and benefits of collaboration? It provides access to resources, including funding, facilities and ideas. It will be essential for grand challenges in physics, environment and health to have large, international teams supported by major facilities and rich data, which encourage the rapid spread of knowledge.
Research networks are a tool of international diplomacy.
As for costs, collaboration takes time and travel and means a shared agenda
The risk is that international, national and institutional agendas may become driven by the same bland establishment consensus.
The iconoclastic, the maverick and the marginal may find a highly collaborative world a difficult place to flourish
But patent expirations and new entrants in Asia should apply downward pressure over the next ten years
The cost of materials ought to drop in the long term as third-party firms become credible alternative powder suppliers and as increased demand for powder enhances scale efficiencies more generally
Throughput rates are expected to increase on the back of growing laser power, higher numbers of lasers, and better projection technology. All of that will serve to reduce expensive machine time
Overly focused on additive 3d printing (the ecosystem of automated fabrication (ie fablab scale) and its exponential cost decreases are far more interesting). The expiration of patents in the space is also a key feature of the current transformation, and should prompt discussions of dysfunctional IPR. Comments on costs trends are also supportive. No mention of the next big thing which is cradle to cradle desktop manufacturing.
Very interesting, of course, will it get traction? This is the architecture I see needed, but execution is key, then traction is required. No wonder one of the founders is a professional gambler.. I do wish them the best, *diaspora has been a bit of a disappointment
Anonymous contributor You too, redact articles for this blog! Free Currency System. This is a new expression, as no free currency existed before: free currency is one respecting 4 economical freedoms, and leading to apply Universal Dividend to its members. This is a special case of Basic Income: an amount every individual receives on a regular basis (monthly, annualy, ...)
FSIN is a technical platform for exchanging expertise and best practices on food security and nutrition analysis. It promotes independent and consensus-based information and highlights critical data gaps.
The result of a consultative process between government institutions and development partners interested in a new vision for country-led food security information systems, FSIN continues providing support at country and regional level. Demand-driven and flexible, it remains adaptable to changing contexts and evolving needs.
Today, FSIN's work spans the effort of 16 global and regional partners committed to improving availability and quality of food security and nutrition analysis for better decision-making.
It also facilitates the Global Network Against Food Crises's first pillar which is centered on better understanding global food crises.
The Tyddyn Teg cooperative has eight members and some lovely volunteer helpers. We share a commitment to the importance of quality local food and the challenges of sustainability in the twenty first century. We see ourselves as part of the global family of small farmers and aim to become a practice based centre for research and education for sustainable local food production.
Our primary objective has been to maintain vegetable production and meet the needs and expectations of our veg box customers. In this we have had a great deal of help and advice from John and Pippa (who were the previous owners of the farm). We are also supplying vegetables to Moelyci Shop and Dimensions Shop in Bangor.
Our aims over the coming years are:
Expand and improve our vegetable growing
Develop the Farm to support WWOOFing
Create new spaces for events
Open opportunities to have a small scale restaurant/cafe on the farm
Establish a luxury camping business where people can come and stay
Provide a living wage to every member of the cooperative