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R is a language and environment for statistical computing and graphics. It is a GNU project which is similar to the S language and environment which was developed at Bell Laboratories (formerly AT&T, now Lucent Technologies) by John Chambers and colleagues. R can be considered as a different implementation of S. There are some important differences, but much code written for S runs unaltered under R.

The ability to make progress in Computational Linguistics depends on the availability of large annotated corpora, but creating such corpora by hand annotation is very expensive and time consuming; in practice, it is unfeasible to think of annotating more than one million words. However, the success of Wikipedia and other projects shows that another approach might be possible: take advantage of the willingness of Web users to contribute to collaborative resource creation. AnaWiki is a recently started project that will develop tools to allow and encourage large numbers of volunteers over the Web to collaborate in the creation of semantically annotated corpora (in the first instance, of a corpus annotated with information about anaphora).

This paper introduces the concept of phatic technology and analyses its role in modern society. A phatic technology is a technology that serves to establish, develop, and maintain human relationships. The primary function of this type of technology is to create a social context: its users form a social community with a collection of interactional goals, which may be relevant to all human interchanges in that social context.

This proposes and calls for expressions of interest in developing an international, voluntary, public register of risks to sustainability and of their causal paths - including those which are indirect, remote or transnational in nature.

I have the pleasure to announce that the International Association for Ontology and its Applications (IAOA) has been born. (1YGF) Formally established in Trento, Italy in April 2009, after an open meeting at the FOIS 2008 conference, IAOA is a non-profit, open association with the purpose of promoting interdisciplinary research and international collaboration at the intersection of philosophical ontology, linguistics, logic, cognitive science, and computer science, as well as in the applications of ontological analysis to conceptual modeling, knowledge engineering, knowledge management, information systems development, library and information science, scientific research and semantic technologies in general.

The Bibliographic Knowledge Network (BKN) is a project to develop a suite of tools and services to encourage formation of virtual organizations in scientific communities of various types. BKN is a project started in September 2008 with funding by the NSF Cyber-enabled Discovery and Innovation (CDI) Program. The major participating organizations are the American Institute of Mathematics (AIM), Harvard University, Stanford University and the University of California, Berkeley.

A software engine that pulls together facts by combing through more than 500 million Web pages has been developed by researchers at the University of Washington. The tool extracts information from billions of lines of text by analyzing basic relationships between words.

Common Tag is an open tagging format developed to make content more connected, discoverable and engaging. Unlike free-text tags, Common Tags are references to unique, well-defined concepts, complete with metadata and their own URLs. With Common Tag, site owners can more easily create topic hubs, cross-promote their content, and enrich their pages with free data, images and widgets.

I've set up this site to provide space for me to share ideas with a "Board of Directors", so I can get feedback on refining the ideas, and advice on how and when to share these ideas. Bootstrapping Collective Intelligence: This represents my response to Christina Engelbart's challenge during her presentation, and the Program For The Future challenge. GTD.brain. This is my entry to the contest for how people are using the PersonalBrain to implement David Allen's Getting Things Done methods: RESOLVING: This is a 3-D framework I've been developing, most influenced by Bill's Appreciation-Influence-Control philosophy. Combinatorial Modeling: applying combinatorial theory to assigning values based on models of N-node systems

The scholarly literature forms a vast network of academic papers connected to one another by citations in bibliographies and footnotes [1]. The structure of this network reflects millions of decisions by individual scholars about which papers are important and relevant to their own work. Therefore within the structure of this network is a wealth of information about the relative influence of individual journals, and also about the patterns of relations among academic disciplines. Our aim at eigenfactor.org is develop ways of extracting this information.

With formal negotiations on the new international climate change treaty due to open in three weeks time, Independent readers are starting to work with the Debategraph community to develop a comprehensive map of the issues around climate change that are confronting the negotiators.

, the government should be a rule-setting referee to encourage the development of an open software platform on which innovators could write electronic health record applications.

The YAGO-NAGA project started in 2006 with the goal of building a conveniently searchable, large-scale, highly accurate knowledge base of common facts in a machine-processible representation. We have already harvested knowledge about millions of entities and facts about their relationships, from Wikipedia and WordNet with careful integration of these two sources. The resulting knowledge base, coined YAGO, has very high precision and is freely available. The facts are represented as RDF triples, and we have developed methods and prototype systems for querying, ranking, and exploring knowledge. Our search engine NAGA provides ranked answers to queries based on statistical models.

Natural languages are easy to learn by infants, they can express any thought that any adult might ever conceive, and they accommodate the limitations of human breathing rates and short-term memory. The first property implies a finite vocabulary, the second implies infinite extensibility, and the third implies a small upper bound on the length of phrases. Together, they imply that most words in a natural language will have an open-ended number of senses - ambiguity is inevitable.To achieve a comparable level of flexibility with formal ontologies, this paper proposes an organization with a dynamically evolving collection of formal theories, systematic mappings to formal concept types and informal lexicons of natural language terms, and a modularity that allows independent distributed development and extension of all resources, formal and informal.

OpenMark is a computer-assisted assessment (CAA) system that has its foundations in computer-assisted learning. It was developed by The Open University, where it has been used by thousands of students, and is now released as open source software under the GNU General Public License

The project will create open content electronic textbooks that will be freely available from a website. Distribution will also be possible via paper, CD, or DVD. Our goal initially is to focus on content development and Web distribution, and we will work with relevant authorities to facilitate dissemination by other means when bandwidth is unavailable or inadequate. The goal is to make textbooks available to the many who cannot afford them.

Welcome to the OER Commons Wiki, a shared workspace for individuals and groups of educators to develop and share open educational resources.

"Ambiently is a startup company developing web discovery engine applications. Envisioning the broad usage and benefits of creating a page-centric "ambient web" for every page on the web, Ambiently aims to create a new, richer web browsing and search experience for all web users."

The purpose of the GRASS project is to develop an arena for credible societal discourse. Its aim is to produce concise group reports that give their readers an up to date and credible overview of the positions of various stakeholders on a particular issue. As such, these reports may play an important role in catalyzing societal conflict resolution.

BRICs is an acronym that refers to the fast growing developing economies of Brazil, Russia, India, and China.