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Nathan Goodyear

Muscle Strength, Body Composition, and Physical Activity in Women Receiving Chemotherapy for Breast Cancer - 0 views

ict.sagepub.com/...183.abstract

chemotherapy lean body mass muscle muscle mass weight weight gain women breast cancer body composition

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 08 Oct 14 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 08 Oct 14
     
    Chemotherapy is associated with a decline in lean body mass.  This could play a role in increase weight, especially in pre menopause women.
Nathan Goodyear

Fructose decreases physical activity and increases body fat without affecting hippocampal neurogenesis and learning relative to an isocaloric glucose diet : Scientific Reports : Nature Publishing Group - 0 views

www.nature.com/...srep09589.html

fructose obesity fat diet nutrition activity physical activity

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 03 Aug 15 - No Cached
  • the fructose animals gained significantly more weight than the glucose animals
  • The average liver mass of mice in the fructose treatment group was 20% heavier than for mice in the glucose group
  • The fat pads of mice consuming the fructose diet were 69% heavier than the fat pads of animals consuming the glucose diet
  • ...12 more annotations...
  • there are many studies showing that consumption of fructose in comparison to other monosaccharides results in increased de novo lipogenesis, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, BW6, 7 and, most recently, impaired cognitive function
  • in the present study, the intake of fructose by mice was more similar to that of typical human consumption in comparison to previous studies
  • prolonged consumption of diets containing fructose (11 weeks) increased BW and body fat deposition
  • studies in humans confirm that fructose, but not glucose (when provided as 25% of energy requirements), in the context of an energy-balanced diet increases de novo lipogenesis and visceral adiposity along with dyslipidemia, decreases insulin sensitivity10, 12 and decreases in fat oxidation
  • we hypothesize that fructose may reduce voluntary energy expenditure in terms of physical activity.
  • significant reduction (~20%) in physical activity in the fructose-fed animals in comparison to glucose
  • a recent study reported that ingestion of fructose (25% energy intake, 10 weeks) in human volunteers also resulted in reduced energy expenditure in relation to a diet with the same glucose dose
  • There is certainly evidence to suggest that, for example, exercise is able to prevent dyslipidemia in healthy subjects fed a weight-maintenance high-fructose diet (30%)54, which strongly suggests a protective role of physical activity in metabolic regulation.
  • the potential negative effects of fructose in brain and cognitive function have been investigated, with a series of studies showing cognitive deficits in spatial memory and learning in adolescent and adult animals following access to a high fructose diet
  • access to both fructose and sucrose, but not glucose, results in a 40% reduction in hippocampal neurogenesis
  • Collectively these studies seem to suggest that fructose consumption can have a considerable impact on hippocampal function and learning, which is in direct contrast with what we observed.
  • the impact of fructose is apparent only in BW, liver mass and body fat, but not in cognitive measures or rates of neurogenesis
  • Nathan Goodyear on 03 Aug 15
     
    animal study finds that fructose increased liver mass, abdominal fat and decreased physical activity when compared to glucose.  The study groups were iso caloric, but one group was fed 18% fructose and the other 18% glucose.
Nathan Goodyear

Effects of supplemental fish oil on resting metabo... [J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2010] - PubMed result - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...20932294

saliva salivary cortisol hormone testing Omega-3 weight loss overweight obese

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 13 Jul 11 - No Cached
  • These changes were significantly correlated with a reduction in salivary cortisol following FO treatment.
  • 6 wk of supplementation with FO significantly increased lean mass and decreased fat mass
  • Nathan Goodyear on 13 Jul 11
     
    saliva cortisol evaluation reflective of decreased fat mass with Omega-3 supplementation
Nathan Goodyear

The effects of exercise training on fat-mass loss ... [Sports Med. 2007] - PubMed result - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...17190534

exercise muscle mass

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 11 Jul 11 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 11 Jul 11
     
    exercise increases muscle mass
Nathan Goodyear

Effects of testosterone replacement on muscle mass and muscle protein synthesis in hypogonadal men--a clinical research center study.: The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism: Vol 81, No 10 - 0 views

press.endocrine.org/...jcem.81.10.8855787

Testosterone low T low Testosterone hypogonadism muscle mass protein muscle metabolism men male hormone hormones

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 06 Mar 15 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 06 Mar 15
     
    Testosterone therapy in men with low T is associated with an increase in protein synthesis and thus an increase in muscle mass.
Nathan Goodyear

Effect of testosterone on muscle mass and muscle protein synthesis | Journal of Applied Physiology - 0 views

jap.physiology.org/...498

testosterone muscle mass protein muscle hormone hormones

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 06 Mar 15 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 06 Mar 15
     
    Testosterone promotes muscle mass increase through increased protein synthesis.
Nathan Goodyear

Growth hormone treatment in adults with Prader-Wil... [Endocrine. 2012] - PubMed - NCBI - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...22081257

growth hormone growth hormone hormones Prader-Willi Syndrome fat

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 03 Aug 14 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 03 Aug 14
     
    Thought GH in those with Prader-Willi Syndrome did not see an improvement in lipid and glucose metabolism, lean body mass increased and fat mass decreased.
Nathan Goodyear

Low free testosterone is associated with loss of appendicular muscle mass in Japanese community-dwelling women - Yuki - 2014 - Geriatrics & Gerontology International - Wiley Online Library - 0 views

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/...abstract

free Testosterone Testosterone women female hormone hormones muscle mass muscle loss

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 13 Aug 14 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 13 Aug 14
     
    low Free testosterone found to be associated with muscle mass loss in women when compared to high free Testosterone levels.
Nathan Goodyear

International Journal of Obesity - Identification of skeletal muscle mass depletion across age and BMI groups in health and disease[mdash]there is need for a unified definition - 0 views

www.nature.com/...ijo2014161a.html

Muscle mass fat free mass lead dry mass fat obesity body composition muscle muscle loss sarcopenic obesity sarcopenia

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 18 Nov 15 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 18 Nov 15
     
    good article to review the components of body composition.
Nathan Goodyear

Counteracting muscle wasting in HIV-infected individuals - 0 views

trace.tennessee.edu/...viewcontent.cgi

muscle mass low T low testosterone HGH men male

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 12 Nov 12 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 12 Nov 12
     
    HIV/AIDS patients are plagues with muscle loss through varying mechanism. This article discusses the various contributors to the muscle mass found in these men. However, this can be applicable to other men with chronic muscle loss, low T, HGH deficiency...
Nathan Goodyear

Familial resemblance of 7-year changes in body mass... [Obes Res. 2002] - PubMed - NCBI - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...12055327

epigenetics genetics BMI obesity

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 21 Jan 13 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 21 Jan 13
     
    Genetics found to play a role in body mass, adiposity, BMI.  The only measure not shown to be associated is waist circumference.
Nathan Goodyear

The Ketogenic Diet and Sport: A Possible Marriage? : Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews - 0 views

journals.lww.com/..._and_Sport___A_Possible.8.aspx

nutrition diet ketogenic ketogenic diet sports athletes exercise sports medicine

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 16 Nov 16 - No Cached
  • It is important to note that, although the blood level of glucose drops, it still remains at a physiological level (23), which is maintained through gluconeogenesis involving glucogenic amino acids and also glycerol released from triglycerides
  • “physiological ketosis” where KB levels may rise to 7 to 8 mmol L-1 (but without any pH change). In “pathological diabetic ketoacidosis,” on the other hand, ketonemia can exceed 20 mmol L-1 and also cause lowering of blood pH
  • in the initial phase of KD, about 16% of glucose comes from glycerol (released from triglyceride hydrolysis) and the bulk (60–65 g) from proteins via gluconeogenesis (proteins may be of either dietary or endogenous origin
  • ...5 more annotations...
  • the protein supply consumed during a KD “preserves,” as demonstrated, lean body mass
  • The importance of glycerol as a glucose source increases progressively during ketosis; in fact, glycerol passes from supplying 16% of total glucose to an average of 60% after many days (>7 d) of complete fasting (from 38% in lean individual to 79% in the obese).
  • The possible reasons for the effectiveness of KD for weight loss may be listed as follows, in order of evidence, strongest first: Figure 3Image Tools 1. Appetite reduction: protein satiety, effects on appetite-related hormones such as ghrelin, and possibly a sort of direct appetite-blocking effect of KB 2. Reduced lipogenesis and increased fat oxidation 3. A reduction in respiratory quotient may indicate a greater metabolic efficiency in fat oxidation 4. A thermic effect of proteins and increased energy usage by gluconeogenesis
  • all data regarding biochemical and molecular mechanisms suggest that it is very difficult to increase muscle mass during a KD; use of which really should be limited to the few days immediately before competition in bodybuilding.
  • a long-term KD can interfere with some muscle hypertrophy mechanisms and this could be counterproductive if the aim of the athlete is to gain muscle mass
  • Nathan Goodyear on 16 Nov 16
     
    Great read on the ketogenic  and its application to sports/training...
Nathan Goodyear

Effect of creatine supplementat... [Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. 2003] - PubMed - NCBI - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...12945830

phosphocreatine LDM lean body mass muscle creatine sports sport

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 26 Jun 12 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 26 Jun 12
     
    phosphocreatine increases lead body mass.
Nathan Goodyear

Determination of salivary cortisol b... [Scand J Clin Lab Invest. 2009] - PubMed - NCBI - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...19396659

saliva salivary testing test cortisol hormone hormones mass spectrometry MS

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 10 Jul 12 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 10 Jul 12
     
    saliva testing of cortisol via mass spectrometry is said to be "rapid, sensitive, and simple to perform..."
Nathan Goodyear

JCI - Inflammatory links between obesity and metabolic disease - 0 views

www.jci.org/57132

obesity overweight weight-loss inflammation metabolic disease

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 04 Jan 12 - No Cached
  • metainflammation
  • The chronic nature of obesity produces a tonic low-grade activation of the innate immune system that affects steady-state measures of metabolic homeostasis over time
  • It is clear that inflammation participates in the link between obesity and disease
  • ...25 more annotations...
  • Multiple inflammatory inputs contribute to metabolic dysfunction, including increases in circulating cytokines (10), decreases in protective factors (e.g., adiponectin; ref. 11), and communication between inflammatory and metabolic cells
  • adipose tissue macrophage (ATM)
  • well-known regulators of lipid metabolism and mitochondrial activity
  • increasing adiposity results in a shift in the inflammatory profile of ATMs as a whole from an M2 state to one in which classical M1 proinflammatory signals predominate (21–23).
  • The M2 activation state is intrinsically linked to the activity of PPARδ and PPARγ
  • Physiologic enhancement of the M2 pathways (e.g., eosinophil recruitment in parasitic infection) also appears to be capable of reducing metainflammation and improving insulin sensitivity (27).
  • Independent of obesity, hypothalamic inflammation can impair insulin release from β cells, impair peripheral insulin action, and potentiate hypertension (63–65).
  • inflammation in pancreatic islets can reduce insulin secretion and trigger β cell apoptosis leading to decreased islet mass, critical events in the progression to diabetes (33, 34)
  • Since an estimated excess of 20–30 million macrophages accumulate with each kilogram of excess fat in humans, one could argue that increased adipose tissue mass is de facto a state of increased inflammatory mass
  • JNK, TLR4, ER stress)
  • NAFLD is associated with an increase in M1/Th1 cytokines and quantitative increases in immune cells
  • Lipid infusion and a high-fat diet (HFD) activate hypothalamic inflammatory signaling pathways, resulting in increased food intake and nutrient storage (57)
  • DIO, metabolites such as diacylglycerols and ceramides accumulate in the hypothalamus and induce leptin and insulin resistance in the CNS (58, 59)
  • saturated FAs, which activate neuronal JNK and NF-κB signaling pathways with direct effects on leptin and insulin signaling (60)
  • Upon stimulation by LPS and IFN-γ, macrophages assume a classical proinflammatory activation state (M1) that generates bactericidal or Th1 responses typically associated with obesity
  • Maternal obesity is associated with endotoxemia and ATM accumulation that may affect the developing fetus (73)
  • Placental inflammation is a characteristic of maternal obesity
  • a risk factor for obesity in offspring, and involves inflammatory macrophage infiltration that can alter the maternal-fetal circulation (74
  • Of these PRRs, TLR4 has received the most attention, as this receptor can be activated by free FAs to generate proinflammatory signals and activate NF-κB
  • Nod-like receptor (NLR) family of PRRs
  • ceramides and sphingolipids
  • The adipokine adiponectin has long been recognized to have positive benefits on multiple cell types to promote insulin sensitivity and deactivate proinflammatory pathways.
  • adiponectin stimulates ceramidase activity and modulates the balance between ceramides and sphingosine-1-phosphate
  • Inhibition of ceramide production blocks the ability of saturated FAs to induce insulin resistance (101)
  • NF-κB, obesity also activates JNK in insulin-responsive tissues
  • Nathan Goodyear on 04 Jan 12
     
    must read to see our current knowledge on the link between inflammation and obesity.
Nathan Goodyear

Determination of salivary testosterone and an... [Clin Chim Acta. 2012] - PubMed - NCBI - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...22178818

LC-MS MS saliva salivary hormone testing evaluation testosterone androstenedione mass spectroscopy

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 05 Jun 12 - No Cached
  • upper limit (the 97.5 percentile
  • reliable
  • simple to perform
  • Nathan Goodyear on 05 Jun 12
     
    salivary testosterone and androstenedione via mass spectroscopy shown to be valid.
Nathan Goodyear

Does systemic low-grade inflammation... [J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2014] - PubMed - NCBI - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...24423339

fat mass inflammation girls obesity overweight hsCRP

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 17 Jan 14 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 17 Jan 14
     
    Increased fat mass in per pubertal girls is associated with inflammation.  This study evaluated inflammation via hsCRP
Nathan Goodyear

Testosterone deficiency syndrome and cardiovascular health: An assessment of beliefs, knowledge and practice patterns of general practitioners and cardiologists in Victoria, BC - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...PMC3929476

low T Testosterone cardiovascular disease physicians men male hormone hormones

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 03 Mar 14 - No Cached
  • The vast majority (88%) did not screen cardiac patients for TDS.
  • Testosterone deficiency has a prevalence of 7% in the general population, rising to 20% in elderly males
  • Males with CAD have lower testosterone levels than those with normal coronary angiograms of the same age,5 suggesting that the prevalence of testosterone deficiency is much higher in the CAD population
  • ...14 more annotations...
  • Men with hypertension, another established risk factor for CAD, have lower testosterone compared to normotensive men
  • Recent meta-analyses showed that testosterone levels are generally lower among patients with metabolic syndrome, regardless of the various definitions of metabolic syndrome that are used
  • Testosterone (total and bioavailable) and sex-hormone binding globulin (SHBG) are inversely associated with the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in men between the ages of 40 and 80, and this association persists across racial and ethnic backgrounds
  • ower levels of testosterone and SHBG predict a higher incidence of metabolic syndrome.
  • Low testosterone levels have been related to increased insulin resistance and cardiovascular mortality,12 even in the absence of overt type 2 diabetes mellitus.
  • testosterone levels (total and bioavailable) in middle-aged men are inversely correlated with insulin resistance
  • The Massachusetts Male Aging Study (MMAS) demonstrated that low levels of testosterone and SHBG are independent risk factors for the development of type 2 diabetes,
  • Andropausal men (age 58 ± 7 years) have a higher maximal carotid artery intima-media thickness
  • There is an inverse linear correlation between body mass index (BMI) and wait-to-hip ratio with testosterone and insulin-like growth factor-1 levels.
  • Testosterone supplementation for 1 year in hypogonadal men has been shown to cause a significant improvement in body weight, BMI, waist size, lipid profile, and C-reactive protein levels
  • TRT for 3 months in hypogonadal men with type 2 diabetes significantly improved fasting insulin sensitivity, fasting blood glucose and glycated hemoglobin.
  • Testosterone replacement can improve angina symptoms and delay the onset of cardiac ischemia, likely through a coronary vasodilator mechanism
  • ADT is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events, including myocardial infarction and cardiovascular mortality.
  • ADT significantly increases fat mass, decreases lean body mass,29,30 increases fasting plasma insulin and decreases insulin sensitivity31 and increases serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels
  • Nathan Goodyear on 03 Mar 14
     
    Startling study on the knowledge of Testosterone and cardiovascular disease in general practitioners and cardiologists in Canada.  Eight-eight percent did not screen patients with cardiovascular disease for low Testosterone.  A whopping 67% of physicians did not know that low T was a risk factor for cardiovascular disease, yet 62% believed Testosterone would increase exercise tolerance. The lack of knowledge displayed by physicians today is staggering and is an indictment of the governing bodies.  This was a survey conducted in Canada so there are obvious limitations to the strength/conclusion of this study.
Nathan Goodyear

Changes in body composition during a... [J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2002] - PubMed - NCBI - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...11836291

body composition lean muscle mass obesity weight gain adipose tissue androgen deprivation therapy prostate cancer male men hormone hormones

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 03 Mar 14 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 03 Mar 14
     
    Androgen deprivation therapy was found to decrease lean muscle mass and increase abdominal adipose tissue, not visceral.  Significant change in body composition in men depleted of androgens in androgen deprivation therapy.
Nathan Goodyear

The Effects of Supraphysiologic Doses of Testosterone on Muscle Size and Strength in Normal Men - NEJM - 0 views

www.nejm.org/...NEJM199607043350101

Testosterone doping muscle mass strength

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 18 Mar 14 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 18 Mar 14
     
    Study finds that massive doping of Testosterone, 600 mg weekly, results in increase muscle mass and performance with strength training.  This dosing amounts to about 100 mg daily compared to the 5-10 mg of peak daily production of a young man.
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