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Nathan Goodyear

NETosis and Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in COVID-19: Immunothrombosis and Beyond - PMC - 0 views

  • Pneumonia is a typical symptom of COVID-19 infection, while acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and multiple organ failure are common in severe COVID-19 patients
  • NETs are important for preventing pathogen invasion, their excessive formation can result in a slew of negative consequences, such as autoimmune inflammation and tissue damage
  • SARS-CoV-2 infection has also been linked to increased neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratios, which is associated with disease severity and clinical prognosis
  • ...40 more annotations...
  • NETosis is a special form of programmed cell death in neutrophils, which is characterized by the extrusion of DNA, histones, and antimicrobial proteins in a web-like structure known as neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs)
    • Nathan Goodyear
       
      Definition
  • increased generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is a crucial intracellular process that causes NETosis
  • Another indirect route of SARS-CoV-2-induced NET production is platelet activation
  • When NETs are activated in the circulation, they can also induce hypercoagulability and thrombosis
  • In COVID-19, major NET protein cargos of NETs (i.e., NE, MPO, and histones) are significantly elevated.
  • SARS-CoV-2 can also infect host cells through noncanonical receptors such as C-type lectin receptors
  • Immunopathological manifestations, including cytokine storms and impaired adaptive immunity, are the primary drivers behind COVID-19, with neutrophil infiltration being suggested as a significant cause
  • NETosis and NETs are increasingly recognized as causes of vascular injury
  • SARS-CoV-2 and its components (e.g., spike proteins and viral RNA) attach to platelets and increase their activation and aggregation in COVID-19, resulting in vascular injury and thrombosis, both of which are linked to NET formation
    • Nathan Goodyear
       
      Connects SARS-CoV-2 to TLR on Platelets to NETosis to metastasis.
  • NET formation may be caused by activated platelets rather than SARS-CoV-2 itself
  • NETosis, leading to aberrant immunity such as cytokine storms, autoimmune disorders, and immunosuppression.
  • early bacterial coinfections were more prevalent in COVID-19 patients than those infected with other viruses
  • NETosis and NETs may also have a role in the development of post COVID-19 syndromes, including lung fibrosis, neurological disorders, tumor growth, and worsening of concomitant disease
    • Nathan Goodyear
       
      NETosis-> tumor growth
  • NETs and other by-products of NETosis have been shown to act as direct inflammation amplifiers. Hyperinflammation
  • “cytokine storm”
  • SARS-CoV-2 drives NETosis and NET formation to allow for the release of free DNA and by-products (e.g., elastases and histones). This may trigger surrounding macrophages and endothelial cells to secrete excessive proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, which, in turn, enhance NET formation and form a positive feedback of cytokine storms in COVID-19
    • Nathan Goodyear
       
      Cycle of hyperinflammation
  • NET release enables self-antigen exposure and autoantibody production, thereby increasing the autoinflammatory response
  • patients with COVID-19 who have higher anti-NET antibodies are more likely to be detected with positive autoantibodies [e.g., antinuclear antibodies (ANA) and anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA)]
  • COVID-19 NETs may act as potential inducers for autoimmune responses
  • have weakened adaptive immunity as well as a high level of inflammation
    • Nathan Goodyear
       
      Immunomodulation
  • tumor-associated NETosis and NETs promote an immunosuppressive environment in which anti-tumor immunity is compromised
  • NETs have also been shown to enhance macrophage pyroptosis in sepsis
  • facilitating an immunosuppressive microenvironment
  • persistent immunosuppression may result in bacterial co-infection or secondary infection
  • can enhance this process by interacting with neutrophils through toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), platelet factor 4 (PF4), and extracellular vesicle-dependent processes
  • NET-induced immunosuppression in COVID-19 in the context of co-existing bacterial infection
  • Following initial onset of COVID-19, an estimated 50% or more of COVID-19 survivors may develop multi-organ problems (e.g., pulmonary dysfunction and neurologic impairment) or have worsening concomitant chronic illness
  • NETs in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of severe COVID-19 patients cause EMT in lung epithelial cells
  • decreased E-cadherin (an epithelial marker) expression
    • Nathan Goodyear
       
      Leads to emt
  • COVID-19 also has a long-term influence on tumor progression
  • Patients with tumors have been shown to be more vulnerable to SARS-CoV-2 infection and subsequent development of severe COVID-19
  • patients who have recovered from COVID-19 may have an increased risk of developing cancer or of cancer progression and metastasis
  • awaken cancer cells
  • NETs have been shown to change the tumor microenvironment
  • enhance tumor progression and metastasis
  • vitamin C has been tested in phase 2 clinical trials aimed at reducing COVID-19-associated mortality by reducing excessive activation of the inflammatory response
  • vitamin C is an antioxidant that significantly attenuates PMA-induced NETosis in healthy neutrophils by scavenging ROS
  • vitamin C may also inhibit NETosis and NET production in COVID-19
  • Metformin
  • Vitamin C
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    NETosis intimately involved in progressive COVID, long COVID, autoimmunity, and cancer
wheelchairindia9

Net Neutrality: Battle to 'save the Internet' - 0 views

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    Net neutrality is one of the biggest issue debated globally by the telecom regulators and it is also in the process of finalising what will be a landmark recommendation for Indian telecom. The important aspects of Net neutrality are: Internet service providers should enable access to all content and applications regardless of the source. The Internet service provider from whom buy internet pack, should not under any circumstance be able to control how exactly use it and it's upto how you use the data. All websites can co-exist without hampering others and all websites are accessible at the same speed and no particular website of application is favoured. All web sites and content creators are treated equal, and it don't have to pay extra for faster Internet speed to a particular site/service. The concept of net neutrality doesn't exist legally but most companies have Net Neutrality is simply the Internet Freedom - Free, Fast and Open Internet for all. Net Neutrality is the principle that Internet service providers (ISPs) should give consumers access to all and every contents and application on an equal basis, treating all Internet traffic equally. Today, if there's something that makes everyone across the world "Equal" is nothing but the Internet. Equality over the Internet means, the richest man in the world has the same rights to access the Internet as the poorer. And this is what "Net Neutrality" aims at adhered to it until now. With the Internet taking the world into its folds, Internet Service Providers across the world are trying to encash this potent commodity and trying to control the traffic. Karma Healthcare KP-80 Standing Wheelchair is a compact and fully powered wheelchair designed for budget. The front-wheel drive provides agile control for the chair to negotiate various indoors and out. It comes with the innovative seat and wide range of power backrest angle adjustment (80~120 degree).
Nathan Goodyear

Tumor regionalization after surgery: Roles of the tumor microenvironment and neutrophil... - 0 views

  • tumor surgery must be carefully considered because the risk of metastasis could be increased by the surgical procedure.
  • NETosis, which is the process of forming neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs)
  • surgery-induced metastasis
  • ...61 more annotations...
  • surgery per se can promote cancer metastasis through a series of local and systemic events
  • surgery results in a serious wound that disrupts the structural barrier preventing the outspreading of cancer cells, change the properties of the cancer cells and stromal cells remaining in the tumor microenvironment, or impairs the host defense systems against cancers
    • Nathan Goodyear
       
      Key point; add to presentation on surgery and metastasis
  • After the primary tumor is surgically removed, the metastases can start to grow vigorously via neoangiogenesis because the circulating inhibitors disappear
  • infection and inflammation during the postoperative period have been reported to increase the risk of cancer recurrence in patients
  • Surgeons have long suspected that surgery, even if it is a necessary step in cancer treatment, facilitates cancer metastasis
  • Surgery-induced cancer metastasis has been well established in animal models
  • tumor cell dissemination, tumor-favoring immune responses, and neoangiogenesis
  • the surgical resection of primary tumors is beneficial is controversial
  • CTCs abruptly increase just after surgery
  • Even externally palpitating tumors for diagnosis could increase the numbers of CTCs in skin cancer and breast cancer
  • excessive glucocorticoids negatively modulate immune functions
  • immune surveillance against tumors is considered to be impaired by surgical stress
  • In addition to glucocorticoids, during stimulation of the HPA axis, the catecholamine hormones epinephrine and norepinephrine are released from the adrenal medulla
  • NK cell suppression may be attributed to increased levels of catecholamines as well as glucocorticoids
  • In mice bearing a primary tumor, it was observed that the removal of the primary tumor facilitated the growth of highly vascularized metastases
  • primary tumors may secrete angiogenic inhibitors as well as angiogenic activators
  • second phase of tumor recurrence and metastasis, which are newly acquired events, rather than just outcomes of incomplete treatment.
    • Nathan Goodyear
       
      Another key point
  • double-edged sword
  • HIF-1 in neutrophils plays a critical role in NETosis and bacteria-killing activity
  • neutrophils play various roles in the initiation and progression of cancer
  • NETosis
  • many inflammatory and neoplastic diseases
  • formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), which are large extracellular complexes composed of chromatin and cytoplasmic/granular proteins1
  • NETosis has been highlighted as an inflammatory event that promotes cancer metastasis
  • Once activated, neutrophils produce intracellular precursors by using DNA, histones, and granular and cytoplasmic proteins and then spread the mature form of NETs out around themselves
  • A series of these events is called NETosis.
  • neutrophil elastase, myeloperoxidase, cathepsin G, proteinase 3, lactoferrin, gelatinase, lysozyme C, calprotectin, neutrophil defensins, and cathelicidins
  • innate immune response against infection
  • Neutrophils are the most abundant type of granulocytes, comprising 40–70% of all white blood cells
  • two types of NEToses, suicidal (or lytic) NETosis and vital NETosis
  • Suicidal NETosis mainly depends on the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS)
  • Since neutrophils die during this process, it is called suicidal NETosis.
  • vital NETosis
  • vital NETosis occurs independently of ROS production
  • Vital NETosis can be induced by Gram-negative bacteria. LPS
  • NETs are present in a variety of cancers, such as lung cancer, colon cancer, ovarian cancer, and leukemia
  • neutrophils actively undergo NETosis in the tumor microenvironment
  • Hypoxia
  • NETosis plays a pivotal role in noninfectious autoimmune diseases,
  • cytokines
  • tumor-derived proteases
  • tumor exosomes
  • NETosis generally actively progresses in the tumor microenvironment.
  • the proliferative cytokines TGFβ and IL-10 and the angiogenic factor VEGF are representative of neutrophil-derived tissue repair proteins.
  • NETosis is a defense system to protect the body from invading pathogens
  • when neutrophils are excessively stimulated, they produce excess NETs, thereby leading to pathological consequences
  • plasma levels of NETosis markers are elevated after major surgeries
  • local invasion, intravasation into the blood or lymphatic vessels, escape from the immune system, anchoring to capillaries in target organs, extravasation into the organs, transformation from dormant cells to proliferating cells, colonization to micrometastases, and growth to macrometastases
  • NETs promote metastasis at multiple steps
  • NETs loosen the ECM and capillary wall to promote the intravasation of cancer cells
  • NETs and platelets wrap CTCs, which protects them from attack by immune cells and shearing force by blood flow
  • NETs promote the local invasion of cancer cells by degrading the extracellular matrix (ECM)
  • neutrophil elastase, matrix metalloproteinase 9, and cathepsin G
  • NETs also promote the intravasation of cancer cells
  • millions of tumor cells are released into the circulation every day,
  • NETs can wrap up CTCs with platelets
  • β1-integrin plays an important role in the interaction between CTCs and NETs
  • NET-platelet-CTC aggregates.
  • After metastasizing to distant tissues, tumor cells are often found to remain dormant for a period of time and unexpectedly regrow late
  • NETs are believed to participate in the reactivation of dormant cancer cells in metastatic regions
  • NET-associated proteases NE and MMP-9 were found to be responsible for the reactivation of dormant cancer cells
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    Surgery induced metastasis: it is real and steered by NETosis.
thomaslist

Polo Ralph Lauren,Discount Polo Shirts For Men And Women - 0 views

wheelchairindia9

Reclining Commode Wheelchair - 0 views

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    wheelchair category (standard, transport, power, etc.) could be classified as a reclining wheelchairs, since the product class is built around one key feature: the capability to adjust the backrest and/or footrest into a reclined position. This feature is especially important to users who find it difficult or impossible to sit in a fully upright position, and users who sleep in their chairs frequently. For those that are looking for a more portable chair, however, products from this category may not be a great fit. When compared with a similar, non-reclining chair, a reclining wheelchair tends to weigh more and - unlike other manual models - manual wheelchairs that recline typically aren't foldable. Some people use special wheelchairs to distribute pressure and thus reduce the risk of skin sores. These chairs also increase comfort and sitting tolerance. One type of chair, called "tilt in space," changes a person's orientation while maintaining fixed hip, knee, and ankle angles. The whole seat, in effect, tilts. The other chair option is called a recline system, which basically changes the seat-to-back angle, flattening out the back of the chair and in some cases raising the legs to form a flat surface. Different Types Of Reclining Wheelchairs: Reclining Wheelchair 902 GC Reclining Wheelchair 609 GC Karma Aurora 4 Reclining Wheelchair Karma Reclining Wheelchair KM 5000 Karma VIP 515 Wheelchair Reclining Wheelchair 902 GC: Reclining Wheelchair 902 GC is one of the basic models of a Reclining Wheelchair which helps transfer to bed to wheelchair easily and comes with head and neck support and Calf support for added comfort. Reclining Wheelchair 902 GC Features: The chair boast of movable armrest and elevating footrest. A well padded thigh support helps the user thigh's during reclining. The front and the rear wheels are designed and placed in such a way so as to support the users weight during reclining. The Pneumatic rear wheels help the movement
wheelchairindia9

Toilet Wheelchair - 0 views

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    Commode chairs are best suited for people who cannot use a regular toilet. The chairs enable patients who have limited mobility due to an accident or any medical condition to use the toilet with ease. The chair allows the patient to use the toilet without causing discomfort to the legs and back. The chair can be used by people who are restricted to a bed or wheelchair. A commode chair is a useful mobility for people of any age who are recovering from injury or surgery. The chair offers a reasonable level of independence to the user; a handy device to be presented to someone who needs it and for whom care. Commode Wheelchairs which are specially designed for aged and physically challenged people. These wheelchairs can be used for indoor toilet purposes. Fabricated using quality raw material, these wheelchairs are suitable for domestic and hospital purpose. There are two types for handicapped and disability product like Commode Wheelchair- Commode Wheelchair Rainbow 6 Commode Wheelchair Rainbow 7 Commode Wheelchair Rainbow 6: Karma commode wheelchair rainbow 6 comes with lot of exiting features for elderly or physically challenged person who want commode in wheelchair. Karma Rainbow 6 has single seat with center cut commode having cushion cover on top and removable pan or plastic commode seat with pot. Commode Wheelchair Rainbow 6 Features: Frame Material : M.S.Chrome Plated Single Seat with center cut commode Both Option Available In Single Seat Plastic Commode Seat With Pot. Cushioned Top Cover Square Pan Commode Pan Removable Pan Commode Wheelchair Rainbow 6 Measurements: Frame Style : Foldable Open Position Wheel To Wheel Width In : 26" (Inches) Seat Width : 18" (Inches) Total Width in Closing Position : 11" (Inches) Rear Wheel Size : 24" (Inches) Front Wheel Size : 8" (Inches) Seat to Floor Height : 19" (Inches) Seat Depth : 18" (Inches) Total Height : 34" (Inches) Max User Weight Capacity : 110 (kgs)
wheelchairindia9

Types of Heavy Duty Wheelchair and Its Features - 0 views

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    Heavy Duty Wheelchair specialy design for disabled and handicapped persons. They two types of Heavy Duty Wheelchair for handicapped and disability product like- Karma 8020 X Heavy Duty Wheelchair Karma 8520 Heavy Duty Wheelchair Karma 8020 X Heavy Duty Wheelchair Karma 8020 or Karma KM-8020 Heavy Duty Wheelchair specialy design for disabled and handicapped persons. Some features are mentioned below- Features It comes with detachable swing away footrests. The wheel chair has flip-back armrests. It comes with centre of gravity adjustment. The wheel chair has wide profile casters. Seat Size 20'' inch & 22'' inch Total Weight 17 K.G. Karma 8020 X Heavy Duty Wheelchair Item Code and Price Item Code: WCI-52 MRP: Rs 45162 Our Price: Rs 32900 Net Price: Rs 32242( Apply Coupon Code 'MSW2365' Get 2% Discount ) Karma 8520 Heavy Duty Wheelchair Karma 8520 or Karma KM-8520 Heavy Duty Wheelchair specialy design for disabled and handicapped persons. Some features are mentioned below- Features It comes with detachable swing away footrests. The wheel chair has flip-back armrests. It comes with centre of gravity adjustment. The wheel chair has wide profile casters. Seat Size 20'' inch & 22'' inch Total Weight 17 K.G. Karma 8520 Heavy Duty Wheelchair Item Code and Price Item Code: WCI-29 MRP: Rs 32085 Our Price: Rs 24063 Net Price: Rs 23582( Apply Coupon Code 'MSW2365' Get 2% Discount ) Heavy Duty Wheelchair Online Purchases: This Website is only a venue where Users may meet and interact with us for their sale and purchase transactions. The commercial / contractual terms include without limitation price, shipping costs, date, period, mode of delivery, warranties related to products and services including after sales services related to product(s) and services, etc., over which we have complete control and same may be the subject to change. The agreement between you and wheelchairindia.com is subject to the following terms and cond
wheelchairindia9

Types of Heavy Duty Wheelchair and Its Features - 0 views

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    Heavy Duty Wheelchair specialy design for disabled and handicapped persons. They two types of Heavy Duty Wheelchair for handicapped and disability product like- Karma 8020 X Heavy Duty Wheelchair Karma 8520 Heavy Duty Wheelchair Karma 8020 X Heavy Duty Wheelchair Karma 8020 or Karma KM-8020 Heavy Duty Wheelchair specialy design for disabled and handicapped persons. Some features are mentioned below- Features It comes with detachable swing away footrests. The wheel chair has flip-back armrests. It comes with centre of gravity adjustment. The wheel chair has wide profile casters. Seat Size 20'' inch & 22'' inch Total Weight 17 K.G. Karma 8020 X Heavy Duty Wheelchair Item Code and Price Item Code: WCI-52 MRP: Rs 45162 Our Price: Rs 32900 Net Price: Rs 32242( Apply Coupon Code 'MSW2365' Get 2% Discount ) Karma 8520 Heavy Duty Wheelchair Karma 8520 or Karma KM-8520 Heavy Duty Wheelchair specialy design for disabled and handicapped persons. Some features are mentioned below- Features It comes with detachable swing away footrests. The wheel chair has flip-back armrests. It comes with centre of gravity adjustment. The wheel chair has wide profile casters. Seat Size 20'' inch & 22'' inch Total Weight 17 K.G. Karma 8520 Heavy Duty Wheelchair Item Code and Price Item Code: WCI-29 MRP: Rs 32085 Our Price: Rs 24063 Net Price: Rs 23582( Apply Coupon Code 'MSW2365' Get 2% Discount ) Heavy Duty Wheelchair Online Purchases: This Website is only a venue where Users may meet and interact with us for their sale and purchase transactions. The commercial / contractual terms include without limitation price, shipping costs, date, period, mode of delivery, warranties related to products and services including after sales services related to product(s) and services, etc., over which we have complete control and same may be the subject to change. The agreement between you and wheelchairindia.com is subject to the following terms and cond
wheelchairindia9

Shower Wheelchair - 0 views

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    Commode chairs are portable toilets, designed to be placed at the bedside of a disabled individual whose activity is very limited. It is typically consist of a frame and a waste receptacle that can be easily removed and emptied. Having such a device close at hand is especially helpful for those too debilitated to make the trip to the bathroom. So, if someone close to needs the support and convenience that commodes can offer, the right place. Adapted and assisted toileting systems help provide independence while being designed to be practical, versatile and comfortable, as well as, easy to clean. These adjustable toilets and commodes can be used as a freestanding commode chair, over the toilet, on the toilet, or as a shower chair. Commode Wheelchair Rainbow 6 Features: Frame Material : M.S.Chrome Plated. Single Seat with center cut commode. Both Option Available In Single Seat. Plastic Commode Seat With Pot. Cushioned Top Cover. Square Pan Commode Pan . Removable Pan. Commode Wheelchair Rainbow 6 Measurements: Frame Style : Foldable Open Position Wheel To Wheel Width In : 26" (Inches) Seat Width : 18" (Inches) Total Width in Closing Position : 11" (Inches) Rear Wheel Size : 24" (Inches) Front Wheel Size : 8" (Inches) Seat to Floor Height : 19" (Inches) Seat Depth : 18" (Inches) Total Height : 34" (Inches) Max User Weight Capacity : 110 (kgs) Net Weight : 19.5 (kgs) Armrest : Fixed Footrest : Fixed Wheel Quality : Rear Tyre Solid Tube Less Rear Wheel Lock : Yes Hand Brakes : No Drop Back Handle : No Providing a wide range of commode wheelchairs which are specially designed for aged and physically challenged people. These wheelchairs can be used for indoor toilet purposes. Fabricated using quality raw material, these wheelchairs are suitable for western as well as Indian toilets. This advanced technology involved wheelchair has a comfortable seat and made of a strong steel frame. This chair is very durable
wheelchairindia9

Wheelchair Pediatric - 0 views

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    When it comes to wheelchairs, young children have a different set of needs than adults. Aesthetically, devices designed for kids are often sleek and colorful, and functionally, they are typically lightweight and adjustable. As any parent knows, young people don't stay the same size for long and since a wheelchair is a major purchase don't want a simple growth spurt to render it useless. That's why kids wheelchair category offers models that feature seat width and depth adjustability, elevating legrests, and other versatile features. Pediatric walkers differ from adult walkers in several ways. For one, walking aids for children are usually adjustable, taking growth patterns into account; but many models also provide gait training and postural correction. Those caring for kids in their formative years must be concerned about more than just the young person's mobility, they must also consider their development. Cerebral Palsy Wheelchair: Cerebral Palsy Wheelchair Description: The model designed for cerebral palsy child only. Ultra light weight aluminium alloy frame Seat Width 38 cms (15") Net Weight: 18.5 kgs Epoxy powder coated frame Detachable arm rest & foot rest provided Elevated and swinging foot rest Elevated foot rest provided to elevate leg angle Height adjustable and detachable head rest Hydraulic reclining high back for a comfortable posture Hydraulic adjustable seat angle Detachable back and seat pad Extra cushion upholstery provided to under arm, head & calg Foldable Lever and paddle brakes provided Safety belt provided Maintenance free rear solid wheels Cloth look like water proof upholstery Anti wheels for better safety and stability Extra cushion upholstery provided to under arm, head & leg Folding action Lever and paddle brakes provided Safety belt provided Maintenance free rear solid wheels Cerebral Palsy Wheelchair Recline system: Recline system provides kids with the most comfortable resting environme
wheelchairindia9

Recliner Wheelchair - 0 views

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    Reclining Back Wheelchair( bed cum wheelchair ) which are suitable for indoor as well as outdoor purposes. These wheel chairs are manufactured using high quality material to ensure high strength and durability. Wheelchairs are available in foldable frames and are capable for maximum weight. Reclining wheelchairs are available in standard folding frames with extended head supports and seat widths up to 24" wide. The recline mechanism is attendant operated with levers much like a bicycle brake lever. The levers operate hydraulic (pump) mechanisms for a smooth adjustment. Using this Recliner Wheelchair mechanism, the chair back can easily and frequently be positioned to any angle. Reclining Wheelchair 609 GC: Reclining Wheelchair 609 GC is one of the multipurpose chairs which boast of features like reclining, inbuilt commode, customized armrest and footrest and foldable nature of the chair. Reclining Wheelchair 609 GC Features: The wheelchair can be folded within very easily within seconds, making it easier during travels and outings. The backrest of the chair can be easily reclined, giving the user the freedom to relax by not moving up from the chair. The footrest can be inclined and adjusted so as to make the user comfortable during reclining or otherwise. A well paded thigh support is an add-on to the footrest. The front and rear wheels of the chair are designed and placed in such a way so as to support the reclining of the user, making it a very safe and friendly wheelchair. The inbuilt commode has its seat just underneath the main seat of the chair; it can be used by just removing the main seat. The Wheelchair can also be folded from between by just removing the commode and the chair's seat. This Wheelchair's functionality gives the user total freedom. Easy to fold and unfold within seconds. Reclining Wheelchair 609 GC Measurements: Frame Style : Foldable Frame Material : MS Chrome Plated open position wheel to wheel width in : 26" (inch
wheelchairindia9

Save Internet - 0 views

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    The Internet has become an integral part of all of our lives. We use it to do our work, connect with people and gain knowledge about various subjects. As our representatives, many of you use it to gather research about the issues faced by your constituents, the challenges faced by different parts of our country, and the expert knowledge needed to legislate for India's future and shape our national decisions. Today, the Internet in our country is facing the danger of losing its neutrality, which is vital to ensure that it grows to reach many more of our fellow Indians - and the people who use it innovate further. In the interest of furthering this cause, we have launched a campaign with fellow Indians who wish to 'Save the Internet'. This letter is addressed to Parliamentarians who have already taken or are considering taking a position on the recent consultation paper released by the TRAI for Internet licensing and net neutrality. We are grateful for the support we have received and the various public statements made by several of you which cut across party lines. Through this letter we wish to point out the intent and purpose of saveinternet.wheelchairindia.com campaign and also the call for a larger network neutrality law in India.
Nathan Goodyear

Endocannabinoids and Their Receptors as Targets for Obesity Therapy - 0 views

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    endocannabinoids result in a net anabolic shift in the bodies metabolism resulting in increase food intake and fat storage. 
wheelchairindia9

Manual Wheelchairs - 0 views

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    Manual wheelchairs are the type that require people to move them, there are three types of manual wheelchairs namely self-propelled, attendant propelled, and wheelbase. Many manual chairs can be folded wheelchairs for storage or movement into a vehicle. A manual wheelchair is one that is propelled by the user. It is usually done by pushing on round bars that surround the wheels. This wheelchair also has handles on the back so it can be pushed by another person. A manual wheelchair is easy to maintain, is lightweight, and is the least expensive to buy. Manual wheelchairs that cater to many different conditions that a user may have. Manual wheelchairs includes a large selection of high quality chairs that are highly competitive in price. It carry many different categories of wheelchairs, depending on condition can find one that best fits lifestyle. Manual Wheelchairs are the type of device that a person must move themselves without the assistance of a battery. It choose from self-propel, which requires the user to propel with the use of their limbs, and companion propelled, which means that must have a person to push. It believe that users will be able to find the best manual wheelchair available for their specific needs. A lightweight manual wheelchair offers a combination of safety and durability with convenient features such as flip-back armrests and swingaway footrests for easier transfers, and height-adjustable rear wheels. It is available in self-propelled and attendant-assisted versions, and can be quickly demounted for easier transportation. It has quick release rear wheels, swing away and detachable armrests, swing in/out footrests, puncture proof tyres, fitted lap belt, folding backrest and lightweight, padded nylon upholstery. Karma Econ 800 Wheelchair The new multi-adjustable ECON 800 is a quality, lightweight aircraft grade aluminium alloy frame wheelchair. The swing-away and detachable footrest's calf length can be adjusted to fit your bod
wheelchairindia9

Wheelchair 4 Wheel Drive - 0 views

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    A wheelchair is a wheeled mobility device in which the user sits. The device is propelled either manually (by turning the wheels by the hand) or via various automated systems. Wheelchairs are used by people for whom walking is difficult or impossible due to illness (physiological or physical), injury, or disability. The chair seat size (width and depth), seat-to-floor height, footrests/leg rests, front caster outriggers, adjustable backrests, controls, and many other features can be customized on, or added to, many basic models, while some users, often those with specialised needs, may have wheelchairs custom-built. The usual size of the rear wheel ranges from twenty to twenty-six inches in diameter. A larger wheel increases the height of the seat off the ground and decreases the rolling resistance, thus easing the effort of pushing. The rear wheels can be solid or pneumatic. Solid wheels have a low rolling resistance and are very easy to maintain. They are ideal for use in institutional settings or for indoor use in noncarpeted areas. Pneumatic wheels have better grip on carpeted surfaces and are better if there is going to be significant outdoor use, but they run the risk of flats and require higher maintenance. The flat tire problem can be circumvented by the use of a foam insert that can prevent leaks. Wire spokes are lighter in weight but higher in maintenance. Most older persons will select large plastic spokes referred to as mag wheels. The wheels can be offset posteriorly to decrease the risk of tipping backwards. Wheelchair With 4 Small Wheels: Wheelchair With 4 Small Wheels foldable frame wheelchair made of chrome with 18" inches seat width, 8" Inches Front and Rear wheel, total weight 14 kg helps physical challenged person to move around indoor. Wheelchair With 4 Small Wheels Measurements: Seat Width : 16 inch., 18 inch. Frame Style : Foldable Frame Material : M.S. Chrome open position wheel to wheel width in : 22" (inches) Seat Width : 1
wheelchairindia9

Golden Motor Electric Wheelchair - 0 views

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    Powerchairs are generally four-wheeled or six-wheeled and non-folding, however some folding designs exist and other designs may have some ability to partially dismantle for transit. Four general styles of powerchair drive systems exist: front, centre or rear wheel drive and all-wheel drive. Powered wheels are typically somewhat larger than the trailing/castoring wheels, while castoring wheels are typically larger than the castors on a manual chair. Centre wheel drive powerchairs have castors at both front and rear for a six-wheel layout. Angel Wheelchair Electric standing wheelchair Standing up, driving function by power. Head and signal light (controlled by joystick). Adjustable headrest. Adjustable footplate. Detachable backrest Rigid steel framework W/liquid coating Flip-backward armrest Max speed: 9.15KM/H Front castor: 2.80/2.50-4 pneumatic castor (9") Rear wheels: 3.00-8 pneumatic tire (14") Available seat width: A (46 cm), D (42 cm) Max loading: A size: 135 kg Net weight w/o battery: 62.7 kg A powerchairs is a wheelchair that is propelled by means of an electric motor rather than manual power. Power wheelchairs are useful for those unable to propel a manual wheelchair or who may need to use a wheelchair for distances or over terrain which would be fatiguing in a manual wheelchair. They may also be used not just by people with 'traditional' mobility impairments, but also by people with cardiovascular and fatigue based condition. An powerwheelchair powers more than just chair. It gives the power to safely travel long distances on own. It empowers to navigate through home, backyard, school, workplace or local park. It gives power to do the things,want to do. It gives power. When accidents occur that leave permanent leg injuries, or as age sets in and joint pain becomes unbearable, the power chair acts as a gateway to continue living life to the fullest. The powerwheelchairs in our lineup are all battery powered, yet each device fills
Nathan Goodyear

http://www.researchgate.net/profile/Dawnine_Larson-Meyer/publication/45151534_Vitamin_D... - 0 views

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    vitamin D and athletes.
wheelchairindia9

Reclining Commode Wheelchair - 0 views

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    Reclining Wheelchair 609 GC Reclining Wheelchair 609 GC is one of the multipurpose chairs which boast of features like reclining, inbuilt commode, customized armrest and footrest and foldable nature of the chair. Reclining Wheelchair 609 GC Features The wheelchair can be folded within very easily within seconds, making it easier during travels and outings. The backrest of the chair can be easily reclined, giving the user the freedom to relax by not moving up from the chair. The footrest can be inclined and adjusted so as to make the user comfortable during reclining or otherwise. A well paded thigh support is an add-on to the footrest. The front and rear wheels of the chair are designed and placed in such a way so as to support the reclining of the user, making it a very safe and friendly wheelchair. The inbuilt commode has its seat just underneath the main seat of the chair; it can be used by just removing the main seat. The Wheelchair can also be folded from between by just removing the commode and the chair's seat. This Wheelchair's functionality gives the user total freedom. Easy to fold and unfold within seconds. Reclining Wheelchair 609 GC Measurements Frame Style : Foldable Frame Material : MS Chrome Plated open position wheel to wheel width in : 26" (inches) Seat Width : 18" (inches) Total width in closing position : 11" (inches) Rear Wheel Size : 24" (inches) Front Wheel Size : 8" (inches) Seat to Floor Height in : 21" (inches) Seat Depth : 18" (inches) Total Height : 50" (inches) Max User Weight Capacity (kgs) : 110 Net Weight (kgs) : 23 Upholstery : Rexine Armrest : Detachable Leg rest : Detachable with elevated footrest Calf support for added comfort Wheel Quality : Rear Solid wheels Rear Wheel Lock : Yes Hand Brakes : No Drop back Handle : No Headrest Support Available Neck Support Available Plastic Commode seat with Pot. Cushioned Top Cover Rear tyer Solid tube less Round commode pan Removabl
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