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The epidemic of Zika Virus (ZV) drastically affected the health of more than one million people in Brazil resulting in twenty-fold increase of microcephaly (head circumference of newborn baby being less than or equal to thirty-two cms) in infected pregnant women. ZV crosses the placental barrier between maternal and fetal compartments. ZV has been found in amniotic fluid and fetal brain tissue of the human pregnancies complicated with ZV infection and microcephaly supporting cause and effect relationship between ZV and microcephaly. New knowledge about how ZV enters into the cells is mandatory for preventive and therapeutic research. ZV is a Flavivirus, therefore the Flavivirus receptors are candidate receptors for ZV too. ZV has been associated with high level of TYRO3 and AXL component of TAM, a Tyrosine Kinase receptor family, expression in the infected skin cells and neuronal stem cells. It predicts that AXL receptors may facilitate ZV entry into the trophoblasts and endothelial cells lining the fetal vessels present in the placenta. This hypothesis stems from the reported studies on ZV and AXL receptor expression, both in human tissues and animal models. If our hypothesis proves to be valid, it would be a great step towards the drug and therapeutic development to prevent ZV crossing the placental barrier and resulting in complications. For more info : http://scidoc.org/IJVR-03-401.php

Most postsurgical patients experience moderate to severe acute pain which, in some patients, transitions to chronic postsurgical pain (CPSP). Optimal pain control of acute surgical pain will likely blunt or prevent the transition of acute postsurgical pain (APSP) to CPSP. While there are known risk factors for such chronification of pain type, and certain surgeries (such as limb amputation) and approaches (open versus laparoscopic) are associated with higher rates, it is impossible to predict which patients will transition to CPSP. Additionally, despite knowledge and an armamentarium of analgesics, APSP may be suboptimally controlled.

Violation of nasal breathing mostly related to nasal septum deformation, which is an indication to perform septoplasty. This article represents our observations about the possible cause of aesthetic complications after nasal septum resection; the technique we us for prevention of such complications, clinical cases and treatment results. For more details : http://scidoc.org/IJCEO-02-501.php

"Due to the large core of multimode Optical Fiber, some of the light rays goes zigzag as they bounce off the cladding and others make up the digital pulse may travel a direct route. These phenomena cause the different groups of light rays. These different groups of light rays are referred to as modes. These modes are arrived separately at the receiving point. The pulse, an aggregate of different modes, begins to spread out, losing its well-defined shape. The need to leave spacing between pulses to prevent overlapping limits the amount of information that can be sent. In a core the refractive index diminishes gradually from the center axis out toward the cladding, meaning the refractive index at the center is the most. At the center the light rays moving down the axis advance more slowly than those near the cladding due to the difference in the refractive index. Because of the graded index, the light in the core moves spirally rather than zigzag off the cladding. It significantly reduces its travel distance. The shortened path and the higher speed allow light at the periphery to arrive at a receiver at about the same time as the slow but straight rays in the core axis. Tough it takes the same time but as a result the digital pulse suffers less dispersion. Specific Applications * liquid absorbance analytical technique * solid or liquid reflection analytical technique * solid or liquid Raman analytical technique * integrated component of a medical instrument * individual light source "

Steven M. Pounders, M.D. is helping patients to prevent and treat HIV AIDS . Dr. Pounders also offer different services including chronic care management, adult primary care, cosmetic procedures, gender affirmation, PrEP, PEP, vaccinations, and lab facilities. For more information visit our website or call us on 214-520-8833.