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A Massive open online course (MOOC) is a course where the participants are distributed and course materials also are dispersed across the web. This is possible only if the course is open, and works significantly better if the course is large. The course is not a gathering, but rather a way of connecting distributed instructors and learners across a common topic or field of discourse.[1] MOOCs are a more recent form of online course development --

a list of distributed computing projects based on BOINC middleware project developed at University of California, Berkeley. In many of these projects, users volunteer CPU time from their home computer. When there is idle time available to work on the distributed computing project, client software can detect and utilize the "spare CPU cycles." In some projects, a computer's graphics processor (GPU) may be employed to work on the project.

Berkeley Open Infrastructure for Network Computing (BOINC) is an open source middleware system for volunteer and grid computing. It was originally developed to support the SETI@home project before it became useful as a platform for other distributed applications in areas as diverse as mathematics, medicine, molecular biology, climatology, and astrophysics. The intent of BOINC is to make it possible for researchers to tap into the enormous processing power of personal computers around the world.

Below is an incomplete list of academic conference presentations, peer-reviewed papers and other types of academic writing which focus on Wikipedia as their subject. Works that mention Wikipedia only in passing are unlikely to be listed.

"SCinet is a high-performance network that is built, once a year, in support of the annual International Conference for High Performance Computing and Communications also known as the Supercomputing Conference. It is the primary network for the conference and is used by attendees to demonstrate and test high-performance distributed applications."

Scientific Search Engine

BabelNet is both a multilingual encyclopedic dictionary, with lexicographic and encyclopedic coverage of terms, and a semantic network which connects concepts and named entities in a very large network of semantic relations, made up of more than 9 million entries, called Babel synsets. Each Babel synset represents a given meaning and contains all the synonyms which express that meaning in a range of different languages.