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Mars Base

Physicist creates scale model of LHC ATLAS experiment of out LEGO blocks - 0 views

  • The Large Hadron Collider at the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) in Switzerland has generated a lot of news of late, e.g. the announcement that a team had found what it believes to be a particle that traveled faster than he speed of light, an actual new particle, and of course the seemingly never-ending storyline associated with the hopeful discovery of the elusive Higgs Boson, now a physicist not associated with the project, has built a scale model replica of the ATLAS experiment; a particle detector that will likely serve as ground zero should the so-called “god particle” ever be observed.
  • a physicist with the Niels Bohr Institute took almost thirty five hours to build and cost two thousand Euros (paid for by the high energy physics group at the university). The point of building the replica, he says, is to incite interest in physics. Plus, no doubt, it was sort of fun.
  • The real ATLAS project is 44 meters long and 22 meters wide and weighs 7000 tonnes. Mehlhase’s model, at approximately 1:50 scale is approximately 1 meter long by a half meter wide. And while the real deal has millions of parts, the model has 9500 pieces, mostly LEGO blocks.
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  • first tried to model the ATLAS on computer, but then apparently found the undertaking untenable
  • Abandoning that approach, he set to work replicating the ATLAS by simply mimicking what it looked like
  • Mehlhase says he’s contacted LEGO (a Danish company) in hopes of having his model included as one of the model kits sold by the company, though he hasn’t yet made a manual. He’d like to see similar models constructed in schools all over the world.
  • To give some perspective, he modeled some tiny physicists as well.
Mars Base

Double Dispatch: Self-Balancing Electric Unicycle - 0 views

  • A custom MIG-welded steel chassisA 450 Watt electric motorTwo 7 Ah 12 Volt batteriesA 5DOF intertial measurement unitThe OSMC H-bridgeAn ATmega328P microcontroller
  • operates much like a Segway -- you lean forward to accelerate, and lean back to brake
  • holding in my right hand (in the video at the bottom) is a "kill switch" -- if I let go of it, the unicycle deactivates the motor,
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  • Bullet integrates readings from the gyro and accelerometer using a complementary filter. To balance, the angle estimate is fed through a PID loop (with no integral term). The loop runs at 625 Hz. The output from this stage determines the duty cycle of a 1.22 kHz PWM signal, which is connected to the H-bridge. The code was written in C, and is in the public domain.
  • It took me several hours to be able to ride in a straight line without crashing, and it took several days to learn how to turn in a controlled manner. Many of my friends have tried riding it, usually with little success (including some actual unicyclers).
  • I am certainly not the first person to build an electric unicycle. Perhaps the most well-known self-balancing unicycle is Trevor Blackwell's Eunicycle, which also uses the OSMC. His design is similar to mine, but uses a much more expensive battery pack ($218 for his vs $44 for mine). Also, the Eunicycle's motor and gearbox cost a grand total of $644, whereas Bullet's drive system (including the wheel itself) was $195. Finally, the IMU he uses is about $100 more than mine. Overall, Bullet is several hundred dollars cheaper than the Eunicycle, but this comes at a price (mostly weight).
Chris Fisher

Probes Suggest Magnet Bubbles At Solar System Edge - 0 views

  • While using a new computer model to analyze Voyager data, scientists found the sun's distant magnetic field is made up of bubbles approximately 100 million miles (160 million kilometers) wide.
  • The new model suggests the field lines are broken up into self-contained structures disconnected from the solar magnetic field. The findings are described in the June 9 edition of the Astrophysical Journal.
  • "The sun's magnetic field extends all the way to the edge of the solar system," said astronomer Merav Opher of Boston University. "Because the sun spins, its magnetic field becomes twisted and wrinkled, a bit like a ballerina's skirt. Far, far away from the sun, where the Voyagers are, the folds of the skirt bunch up."
Chris Fisher

Trillion FPS Camera Captures Advancing Light Waves - 0 views

  • MIT’s new camera will shoot one trillion frames per second.
  • One trillion seconds is over 31,688 years
  • played it back at 30fps, it’d still take you over 1,000 years to watch it.
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  • use “femtosecond laser illumination, picosecond-accurate detectors and mathematical reconstruction techniques” to illuminate a scene and then capture the pulses of laser light.
  • The movies are 480 frames long, and show a slice in time of just 1.71 picoseconds.
  • The result is a movie of an advancing wave of light.
Chris Fisher

47 year old television signals bouncing back to Earth - 0 views

  • "I realised the signal was in the VHF Band and slap bang in the middle of 41-68 MHz. It was obviously old terrestrial television broadcasts, but they seemed to be originating from deep space.
  • "They are signals that left the Earth about 50 years ago and have bounced off an object or more likely a field of objects some 25 light years away".
  • Radio signals travel at approximately 300,000 kilometers per second.
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  • we asked NASA if they could point Hubble at the centre of what we've named the 'Bounce Anomaly'. NASA were very keen to help once they had seen our data."
  • However the $3 billion space telescope was unable to produce any clues as to what the signals are bouncing off. One theory is a massive cloud of asteroids is acting like a mirror in space reflecting radio signals from our past, back to us.
  • "We now know these are original broadcasts. So far we have recovered about 7 weeks of old television signals from space. Every day in our lab is like traveling back in time. And speaking of which we have just started the digital recovery of signals that contain lost Doctor Who episodes.
Mars Base

New carbon allotrope could have a variety of applications - 0 views

  • Since the 1980s, scientists have been synthesizing newer allotropes, including carbon nanotubes, graphene, and fullerenes, all of which have had a significant scientific and technological impact.
  • scientists have been investigating a wide variety of new – and sometimes elusive – carbon allotropes
  • scientists also noted that T-carbon could have astronomical implications as a potential component of interstellar dust and carbon exoplanets
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  • long-standing puzzle in astronomy known as the ‘carbon crisis’ in interstellar dust
  • Observations by the Hubble telescope revealed that the carbon budget in dust is deep in the red, and there is not sufficient carbon in dust to account for the light distortions
  • researchers would like to synthesize the new allotrope in the lab, although they say that this would likely be very difficult.
Mars Base

Scientists Discover Material Harder Than Diamond - 0 views

  • calculated that another material, lonsdaleite (also called hexagonal diamond, since it’s made of carbon and is similar to diamond), is even stronger than w-BN and 58 percent stronger than diamond
  • marks the first case where a material exceeds diamond in strength under the same loading conditions
  • Normal compressive pressures under indenters cause the materials to undergo a structural phase transformation into stronger structures, conserving volume by flipping their atomic bonds
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  • experimenting with w-BN and lonsdaleite will be challenging, since both materials are difficult to synthesize in large quantities
Mars Base

Superhard carbon material could crack diamond - 0 views

  • By applying extreme pressure to compress and flatten carbon nanotubes, scientists have discovered that they can create a new carbon polymer that simulations show is hard enough to crack diamond
  • directly compressing carbon nanotube bundles to design and to synthesize novel metastable carbon allotropes
  • applying pressure to some of these carbon allotropes can change the bonds, resulting in different forms of carbon with novel electronic and mechanical properties
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  • the scientists here used a recently developed technique called the Crystal Structure Analysis by Particle Swarm Optimization
Mars Base

UIUC team will show can't-tell photo inserts at Siggraph (w/ video) - 0 views

  • Humans can quickly detect photo fraud, maintains Karsch. They can do so in spotting lighting inconsistencies in a doctored photograph
  • In their computer program, a user is asked to select light sources in the picture.
  • An algorithm recreates the 3-D geometry and lighting of the scene and the artificial object is inserted into its new environment
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  • The program adds shadows and highlights to the object before converting it back to 2-D.
  • The team set out to extract the 3-D scene information from single images, to allow for seamless object insertion, removal, and relocation
  • involves three phases
  • luminaire inference, perspective estimation (depth, occlusion, camera parameters), and texture replacement
Mars Base

Hubble Space Telescope Passes Major Science Milestone | Hubble 10,000th Science Paper |... - 0 views

  • Hubble Space Telescope has crossed a major milestone, accumulating 10,000 science papers based on its observations
  • After 21 years
  • it's actually in the best shape of its life
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  • last space shuttle servicing mission was in May 2009.
  • Papers describing discoveries in nearly every field of astronomy and cosmology have been published based on data gathered by the Hubble Space Telescope.
  • conducted by scientists in more than 35 countries
  • most papers written by researchers in the United States, the United Kingdom, Germany, Italy, France, and Spain
  • Hubble's top five most referenced papers are on
  • The search for distant supernovas used to characterize dark energy
  • The precise measurement of the universe's rate of expansion
  • The apparent link between galaxy mass and central black hole mass
  • Early galaxy formation in the Hubble Deep Field
  • The evolutionary models for low-mass stars and brown dwarfs
  • 10,000th Hubble science paper
  • announces the discovery of the faintest supernova ever associated with a cosmic explosion called a long-duration gamma-ray burst, which spews high-energy radiation into space when a star dies
  • The first science paper based on Hubble data came about six months after the telescope's launch
  • a paper on observations of the center of galaxy NGC 7457, where scientists suspected a huge black hole lurked
Mars Base

Scientists About to Find The Force - 0 views

  • CERN scientists may have already found evidence of the existence of the elusive Higgs boson
  • scientist from the Cern particle physics laboratory has told the BBC he expects to see "the first glimpse" of the Higgs boson next week
  • Tuesday, when two Large Hadron Collider teams would reveal the results of their research, highlighting ten candidates that show evidence of Higgs
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  • Those ten candidates were found from the remains of about 350 trillion collisions using the ATLAS and CMS detectors.
  • Higgs field that is everywhere
  • The elusive Higgs particle would be the carrier of that field, interacting with all the other particles
  • The Higgs boson is a pivotal part of the standard model of particle physics
  • one of the main reasons of why the Large Hadron Collider was built
  • we've been living with Higgs theory now for almost 50 years
  • Tuesday's data will not be confirmed until they are able to produce repeated evidence in future experiments
  • expect this to happen around next summer
Mars Base

Physicists to Make Major 'God Particle' Announcement Next Week | Higgs Boson & Particle... - 0 views

  • cautioned that LHC's ATLAS and CMS experiments have not accrued enough data to make any conclusive statement on the existence or non-existence of the Higgs boson, an as yet undetected particle thought to give all other particles their mass
  • particle is thought to have a mass of between 114 and 185 gigaelectronvolts, or GeVs. (One GeV is equivalent to the mass of a proton, the positively charged particle in the nucleus of an atom
  • Tantalizing data spikes between 120 and 140 GeV suggest that the Higgs mass might lie in that range, the LHC teams reported in July
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  • the data at that stage was not reliable enough to make any scientific claims
Mars Base

Saturday's Lunar Eclipse Will Include 'Impossible' Sight | Fox News - 0 views

  • This year's second total lunar eclipse on Saturday, Dec. 10, will offer a rare chance to see a strange celestial sight traditionally thought impossible
  • For most places in the United States and Canada, there will be a chance to observe an unusual effect
  • one that celestial geometry seems to dictate can't happen
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  • "selenelion" (or "selenehelion") and occurs when both the sun and the eclipsed moon can be seen at the same time.
  • When we have a lunar eclipse, the sun, Earth and moon are in a geometrically straight line in space, with the Earth in the middle.
  • during a lunar eclipse, the sun and moon are exactly 180 degrees apart in the sky
  • atmospheric refraction that makes a selenelion possible
  • Atmospheric refraction causes astronomical objects to appear higher in the sky than they are in reality
  • when you see the sun sitting on the horizon, it is not there really. It's actually below the edge of the horizon, but our atmosphere acts like a lens and bends the sun's image just above the horizon, allowing us to see it.
  • we end up seeing the sun for a few minutes in the morning before it has actually risen and for a few extra minutes in the evening after it actually already has set. 
  • The same holds true with the moon, as well.
  • for many localities there will be an unusual chance to observe a senelion firsthand with Saturday morning's shadowy event
  • There will be a short window of roughly 1-to-6 minutes (depending on your location) when you may be able to simultaneously spot the sun rising in the east-southeast and the eclipsed full moon setting in the west-northwest
  • east of the Appalachian Range, this will, unfortunately, be a non-event
Mars Base

North America's Biggest Dinosaur Unearthed In New Mexico | Fox News - 1 views

  • North America's biggest dinosaur has been unearthed
  • it once called New Mexico home.
  • titanosaurus was documented in a recent issue of Acta Palaeontologica Polonica published on Dec. 6.
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  • Alamosaurus sanjuanensis
  • A cousin of the Diplodocus
  • stumbled upon the bones during a dig in the New Mexico desert back in 2004
  • after the full bone had been freed, Fowler said the trip back to the truck was the hardest part of the entire process
  • There was only two of us out there, and it was about 1.2 miles
  • Alamosaurus vertebra that Fowler and Sullivan found puts the dinosaur in the same category as other Titanosaurus sauropods discovered in South America
  • Argentinosaurus and the Puertasaurus which both could weigh up to 80 – 100 metric tons
  • the Alamosaurus they discovered could potentially be the same size.
  • new questions have emerged as to the behavior of sauropods in North America
  • These dinosaurs are found primarily in the south, only getting as far north as Utah, leading Fowler and other researchers to wonder about their preferred environment
  • Perhaps they actually emigrated in from South America during this time, and maybe they just haven’t got as far north quite yet
Mars Base

Video: How Parrots Talk - ScienceNOW - 0 views

  • Parrots have neither lips nor teeth, but that doesn't stop them from producing dead-on imitations of human speech
  • like humans, parrots use their tongues to form sounds
  • scientists took x-ray movies of monk parakeets
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  • No other type of bird is known to move its tongue to vocalize
  • Parrots use their mobile, muscular tongues to explore their environment and manipulate food
  • Those capable organs
  • also help parrots utter greetings in words that even humans can understand.
Mars Base

LHC to narrow search for Higgs boson - 0 views

  • Finding it would be an enormous scientific breakthrough for the physics world and would help explain why different particles have different masses
  • That is because the particle itself is thought to give mass to other particles
  • any firm discovery will have to wait until next year
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  • we're close to the stage where we're going to see something
  • The hunt for the Higgs boson is different than the much-publicized research by French and Italian researchers that appeared to show subatomic neutrino particles traveling faster than light
  • But scientists at CERN are involved in testing that research
Mars Base

Learning high-performance tasks with no conscious effort may soon be possible (w/ video) - 0 views

  • New research published today in the journal Science suggests it may be possible to use brain technology to learn to play a piano, reduce mental stress or hit a curve ball with little or no conscious effort
  • Japan, recently demonstrated that through a person's visual cortex, researchers could use decoded functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to induce brain activity patterns to match a previously known target state and thereby improve performance on visual tasks
  • Think of a person watching a computer screen and
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  • brain patterns modified to match those of a high-performing athlete
  • or modified to recuperate from an accident or disease
  • pictures gradually build up inside a person's brain, appearing first as lines, edges, shapes, colors and motion in early visual areas
  • The brain then fills in greater detail
  • none of these studies directly addressed the question of whether early visual areas are sufficiently plastic to cause visual perceptual learning
  • Until now.
  • implemented a method using decoded fMRI neurofeedback to induce a particular activation pattern in targeted early visual areas that corresponded to a pattern evoked by a specific visual feature in a brain region of interest
  • is a novel learning approach sufficient to cause long-lasting improvement in tasks that require visual performance
  • the approached worked even when test subjects were not aware of what they were learning
  • the decoded neurofeedback method might be used for various types of learning, including memory, motor and rehabilitation
  • this study we confirmed the validity of our method only in visual perceptual learning
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