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paul jones

Darfur Liberation Front / Sudan Liberation Movement (SLM) / Sudan Liberation Army - 1 views

  • US-brokered agreement
  • A week later, the Security Council unanimously approved Secretary General Kofi Annan's proposal to send a UN advance team to Sudan with a three month mission of assessing peacekeeping needs in the south of the country. Amid rising international scrutiny and pressure from foreign governments, Sudanese President Omar al-Bashir ordered the disarmament of all fighters in the Darfur region, including those allegedly backed by the Sudanese government, the Janjaweed. Skepticism as to whether his order would be followed remained.
  • US Secretary of State Colin Powell visited Sudan to urge Khartoum authorities to reign in Arab militiamen accused of human rights abuses in the Darfur region. He met with President Omar el-Bashir and visited displaced people in Darfur, threatening unspecified UN Security Council action unless the government brought an end to militia violence. The United Nations has described the 15-month Darfur conflict as the world's worst humanitarian crisis, and UN relief groups estimate that up to 2 million people are in need of food, while a million more have been forced to flee their homes.
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  • The Sudanese government and two rebel groups operating out of the Darfur region opened talks on July 15th in Ethiopia's capital, Addis Ababa. Two days later, the rebel groups pulled out of the African Union-mediated peace efforts, saying they would not return until the Sudanese government fulfilled conditions set for the talks.
  • July 23rd the US Congress declared the mass killing of civilians in Darfur to be genocide. In a non-binding resolution, lawmakers urged President Bush to do the same. Thus far the Bush administration has declined to label the situation in Darfur a genocide. The 1948 United Nations Convention on Genocide would require that such a classification of genocide justify an intervention by all signatories. The Pentagon made it clear that there are no US plans to intervene in the conflict militarily.
  • The AU's peace and security council announced in a meeting in Addis Ababa on July 27th that it is actively considering expanding the military observer mission into a multinational peacekeeping force with particular emphasis on disarming the Janjaweed if the Sudanese government does not do so.
  • African Union military observers in Darfur reported that Sudanese militias have burned civilians alive.
  • This would be the AU's first military intervention in a member state.
  • The Arab League told the Security Council to "avoid precipitate action" and give Sudan more time to honor its pledges
  • "African solution" to Darfur at a special summit in Ghana on July 29th called by the AU Chairman, President Olusegun Obasanjo of Nigeria. The AU requested British and Dutch assistance in airlifting 300 African troops to Sudan.
  • A Declaration of Principles for the Resolution of the Sudanese Conflict in Darfur was signed in July 2005.
  • The African Union played a pivotal role in successfully mediating the talks.
  • Taken together, the Declaration of Principles and the 9 July 2005 installation of the Presidency of the Government of National Unity constituted significant progress toward the goal of achieving peace throughout Sudan
  • As of September 23, 2005 the situation in Sudan remained dire. Since the eruption of violence in the Darfur region in February of 2003, the ongoing battle between the rebel forces and government backed Janjaweed has driven an estimated 2 million natives from their home with some 200,000 fleeing into neighboring chad. The fighting as well as the killing of civilians and the miserable conditions of refugees has been responsible for 180,000 deaths.
  • As of the beginning of February 2006, the UN Security Council asked Kofi Annan, to "initiate contingency planning" and to produce various options in consultation with the AU, for UN peacekeeping operations. Around the same time, which helped spur on the UN Security Council intitative, was the fact that 70,000 people fled the town of Mershing, after militiamen attacked. Talk of NATO reinforcements had also been expressed that time.
  • As of the end of July 2006, the Khartoum government has been slow to approve and grant permission to let UN officials and troops into Darfur, Sudan. The prospects of UN peacekeeping forces remains grim, unless the Sudanese government relinquishes their obstinate stance.
  • In August 2006, the Sudanese government rejected a UN resolution authorizing a peacekeeping force in Darfur on the grounds that it would be a violation of Sudanese sovereignty. The plan would enlarge the current force from 7,000 to 20,000. On September 3, Khartoum asked the African Union force to leave the country when at the end of its mandate.
  • On the 17th, Sudan said it would welcome a hybrid UN-AU force as long as the UN was not in command. Specifically, the Sudan said it would accept “all financial, material, logistic, or technical assistance from the UN in order to strengthen the AU mission in Darfur.” On the same day, Chad proposed an anti-Sudan alliance with the Central African Republic (CAR). The CAR and Chad have accused Sudan of backing rebels fighting against the CAR government.
  • The May 5th Darfur Peace Agreement, allows the UN to send peacekeepers to support the existing AU forces in Sudan. The first phase of the provision was initiated on Jan 11, 2007. This phase
  • In addition, the first phase includes military advisors, police officers, and civilian staff from the UN Mission in Sudan (UNMIS). The second stage of the process calls for staff workers and more equipment
  • The third phase covers the deployment of some 17,000 troops and 3,000 police officers to support or replace the under-staffed AU missions, creating a hybrid, UN-AU peacekeeping force.
  • The violence in Sudan has continued to increase, and as even turned on Humanitarian Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs), killing aid workers, and disrupting humanitarian aid. The International Organization for Migration (IOM), and the 13 NGOs in Sudan have reported that as of July 2006, 12 relief workers have been killed. This is more than those workers killed in the last two years, combined. In addition, armed bands have attacked numerous NGO sites, and United Nations compounds. The violence toward aid workers has greatly reduced the scope of aid operations all across the region, compromising food, water, and medical services all across Darfur.
  • Human rights groups describe the situation in Darfur as a genocide
  • The UN Security Council was also to discuss possible sanctions against Sudan
  • The Darfur crisis threatened to become a regional conflict on 7 November 2006 when Chad accused Sudan of “exporting the genocide.” In the week prior to this announcement, 200 people were killed attacks on villages just inside the Chadian border. Chad declared a state of emergency on the 13th and was backed by a UN warning against the incursion.
  • On January 11, 2007, talks between Jan Eliasson and President Omar el-Bashir, Sudan's President, have shown commitment to the resolution to put UN peacekeepers in Darfur, to aid in quelling the violence that has again erupted in Sudan. Jan Eliasson is the United Nations Secretary-General's special envoy to Darfur
  • called for equipment and supplies to be delivered to the African Mission in Sudan (AMIS
  • As of January 12, 2007, the fighting in Darfur has claimed the lives of over 200,000 people, and forced some 2.5 million people from their homes, many seeking refuge in neighboring Chad. As of January 12, 2007 the government of Sudan as continually rejected a UN presence in the country. They have allowed, as per the Darfur Peace Agreement, UN peacekeeping troops into the country. However, these troops were only admitted as long as they were under AU command, and in support positions. These troops are mainly placed in technical support positions. Independent UN peacekeeping missions have been expressly forbidden.
Simon Miles

BBC Radio 4 - In Our Time, The French Revolution's reign of terror - 1 views

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    "Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the reign of terror during the French Revolution. On Monday September 10th 1792 The Times of London carried a story covering events in revolutionary France: "The streets of Paris, strewed with the carcases of the mangled victims, are become so familiar to the sight, that they are passed by and trod on without any particular notice. The mob think no more of killing a fellow-creature, who is not even an object of suspicion, than wanton boys would of killing a cat or a dog". These were the infamous September Massacres when Parisian mobs killed thousands of suspected royalists and set the scene for the events to come, when Madame La Guillotine took centre stage and The Terror ruled in France. But how did the French Revolution descend into such extremes of violence? Who or what drove The Terror? And was it really an aberration of the revolutionary cause or the moment when it truly expressed itself? With Mike Broers, Lecturer in Modern History at the University of Oxford and Fellow of Lady Margaret Hall; Rebecca Spang, Lecturer in Modern History at University College London; Tim Blanning, Professor of Modern European History at the University of Cambridge."
Simon Miles

60th anniversary of Brown v. Board of Education resources | PBS NewsHour Extra - 0 views

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    "May 17, 2014 will mark the 60th anniversary of the monumental Supreme Court case Brown v. Board of Education, which declared the status quo of "separate but equal" to be unconstitutional. Although this meant public schools were now required to be integrated, the battleground for equality in education was just beginning. Use the resources below to provide students with the historical context of Brown v. Board of Education in the civil rights movement, to inform them of the important roles students played in integrating the schools and engage them in conversation about the unfinished work of the civil rights movement."
Simon Miles

Overview : Artful Thinking - 0 views

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    "The goal of the Artful Thinking program is to help students develop thinking dispositions that support thoughtful learning - in the arts, and across school subjects. The program is one of several programs at Project Zero linked by the theme "Visible Thinking." Artful Thinking has 6 interrelated components: The Artful thinking Palette (6 thinking dispositions at the heart of the program); thinking routines, works of art, curricular connections, visible thinking, and teacher study groups. Artful Thinking is a program that was developed by Harvard Project Zero in collaboration with the Traverse City, Michigan Area Public Schools (TCAPS). The program was one component of a larger TCAPS grant from the US Department of Education that aimed at developing a model approach for integrating art into regular classroom instruction. The purpose of the Artful Thinking Program is to help teachers regularly use works of visual art and music in their curriculum in ways that strengthen student thinking and learning. The Artful Thinking program is designed to be used by the regular classroom teacher. While it originally targeted grades K-12, the Artful Thinking approach is also currently used in post-secondary education and in museums. The program focuses on experiencing and appreciating art, rather than making art. It has two broad goals: (1) To help teachers create rich connections between works of art and curricular topics; and (2) to help teachers use art as a force for developing students' thinking dispositions."
Simon Miles

Q & A on Laws of War Issues in Libya - 1 views

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    .Latest News.Sri Lanka: Massacre of Aid Workers Goes Unpunished Six Years On, Government Fails to Prosecute Responsible Military, Police Aug 2, 2012 Press release Belarus: One Year on, Still Waiting for Justice Comply With UN Resolution, Free Rights Activist Aug 2, 2012 Press release Chinese Addiction Study and Human Rights Study Conducted on Detainees in Compulsory Drug Centers Aug 2, 2012 Commentary Justice in Senegal Aug 2, 2012 Commentary Angola: Stop Stifling Free Speech Halt Abuses and Undertake Key Reforms Before Elections Aug 1, 2012 Press release UAE: US, UK Should Criticize Dissident Arrests 50 Detainees Include Prominent Defense Lawyers Aug 1, 2012 Press release Africa: Clinton Should Urge Leaders to Address Abuse For 6-Nation Visit, Government Secrecy, Excessive Use of Force Should Top Agenda Aug 1, 2012 Press release Jordan: Government Clamps Down on Civil Society Decision to Block a Group's Funding Sends Chilling Message Aug 1, 2012 Press release More news » . .Available in: Français日本語PrintShare Facebook LinkedIn Email Reddit StumbleUpon Technorati Twitter Google +.Q & A on Laws of War Issues in Libya March 25, 2011 The following Questions and Answers (Q & A) address aspects of international humanitarian law (the laws of war) governing the armed conflict between the government of Libya and the international coalition, and between Libya and Libyan opposition armed groups. The purpose is to provide legal guidance on the fighting, including to the parties to the conflict and those with the capacity to influence them. This Q & A does not address the justifications or the legitimacy of resorting to war by any party
Simon Miles

British Museum - The Trojan War - 0 views

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    "The ancient Greek story of the war between Greece and Troy is an epic of love, revenge, sorrow and bloodshed. Many people thought that it was just a myth and that the city of Troy itself never existed. But in 1870 a German archaeologist called Schliemann discovered the remains of a city (see picture) that may well have been Troy. If the city was real, some parts of the story may also have been real. But no labels or signs giving the name of the city were found, so we cannot be sure."
Simon Miles

Image Authentication and Forensics | Fourandsix Technologies - Photo Tampering througho... - 0 views

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    "Though photo manipulation has become more common in the age of digital cameras and image editing software, it actually dates back almost as far as the invention of photography. Gathered below is an overview of some of the more notable instances of photo manipulation in history. For recent years, an exhaustive inventory of every photo manipulation would be nearly impossible, so we focus here on the instances that have been most controversial or notorious, or ones that raise the most interesting ethical questions."
Simon Miles

Voice/Vision Holocaust Survivor Oral History Archive - 0 views

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    Since 1981, Dr. Sidney Bolkosky, Professor of History at the University of Michigan-Dearborn, has interviewed Holocaust survivors. The University's Mardigian Library has been the repository of these interviews. It has been our privilege to provide a forum for those voices, "listening ears," as one survivor notes, and the facilities to record the testimonies. As a University of distinction, the campus has demonstrated its dignity and character because of the respect it has accorded the tapes and the people who made them.
Simon Miles

Voice/Vision Holocaust Survivor Oral History Archive - 0 views

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    Since 1981, Dr. Sidney Bolkosky, Professor of History at the University of Michigan-Dearborn, has interviewed Holocaust survivors. The University's Mardigian Library has been the repository of these interviews. It has been our privilege to provide a forum for those voices, "listening ears," as one survivor notes, and the facilities to record the testimonies. As a University of distinction, the campus has demonstrated its dignity and character because of the respect it has accorded the tapes and the people who made them.
Simon Miles

Home | Arab Gateways - 0 views

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    "Arab Gateways: A resource for Australian students and teachers explores some of the history, geography, economics and culture of the Arab region. It promotes understanding of the cultures, values, beliefs and diversity of peoples of the Arab region."
Simon Miles

Historical Thinker - 0 views

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    "Historical Thinker is a group dedicated to promoting the teaching of historical logic and skills.  Chief among our goals is to provide resources that make writing sophisticated research papers in history easier.  We are working on the development of a comprehensive student workbook that details the process of writing a research paper from start to finish.  Students complete detailed  templates for each step in the process.  On the left, you will find downloadable samples of these templates along with teaching guides that will give you a sense of what the workbook will elaborate on.  "
Simon Miles

Making History - The changing face of the profession in Britain - 1 views

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    "Making History, developed by the Institute of Historical Research, is dedicated to the history of the study and practice of history in Britain over the last hundred years and more, following the emergence of the professional discipline in the late 19th century."
Simon Miles

Oxfam - Climate change lesson plans - 0 views

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    These materials provide an overview of the causes and consequences of climate change, and help teachers to explore its impact on everyone, especially people in the developing world. The activities also help pupils to understand their own contribution to climate change, and that of their school. Includes ideas for active citizenship projects designed to reduce your school and personal use of fossil fuels.
Simon Miles

Digital History: A Guide to Gathering, Preserving, and Presenting the Past on the Web - 0 views

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    "This book provides a plainspoken and thorough introduction to the web for historians-teachers and students, archivists and museum curators, professors as well as amateur enthusiasts-who wish to produce online historical work, or to build upon and improve the projects they have already started in this important new medium. It begins with an overview of the different genres of history websites, surveying a range of digital history work that has been created since the beginning of the web. The book then takes the reader step-by-step through planning a project, understanding the technologies involved and how to choose the appropriate ones, designing a site that is both easy-to-use and scholarly, digitizing materials in a way that makes them web-friendly while preserving their historical integrity, and how to reach and respond to an intended audience effectively"
Simon Miles

Making Sense of Oral History - from History Matters - 0 views

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    "Making Sense of Oral History offers a place for students and teachers to begin working with oral history interviews as historical evidence. Written by Linda Shopes, this guide presents an overview of oral history and ways historians use it, tips on what questions to ask when reading or listening to oral history interviews, a sample interpretation of an interview, an annotated bibliography, and a guide to finding and using oral history online."
paul jones

The Birth of an American Empire | EDSITEment - 0 views

  • "Columbia's Easter Bonnet." 1901 Puck magazine cover celebrating America's new-found confidence as a budding world power Credit: 6 April 1901. "Columbia's Easter bonnet / Ehrhart after sketch by Dalrymple. Courtesy of Wikipedia. The last decade of the 19th century was a time of great hope an
  • the general optimism
Simon Miles

Revisit Havana, the "Paris of the Caribbean," in the 1930s | Open Culture - 1 views

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    This short film showing Havana in the 1930s was shot by André de la Varre, the long-time cameraman and cinematographer for American traveler, photographer and filmmaker Burton Holmes. In those days, Havana was a flourishing and fashionable city dubbed the "Paris of the Caribbean," attracting an ever increasing number of tourists. André de la Varre's film portrays Havana as the "exotic capital of appeal," which pretty much sums up its essence during those days.
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    thanks Simon a lovely little film.
Simon Miles

Making Australia - 1 views

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    Launched in March 2009, The Making of Modern Australia is a cross-platform people's history of postwar Australia. What began as an interactive website is now also a major four-part TV documentary series on ABC TV and a book of the same name, written by series narrator William McInnes.
Simon Miles

Historical Dictionary | History Today - 1 views

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    "The dictionary is a compendium of facts, figures, mini-biographies and definitions of historical terms. It covers people, places, key events and epochs. Each entry is concise and expertly written, and the dictionary is ideal as a study tool or to improve your knowledge of history. "
Simon Miles

USSHM - Oral History - 0 views

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    "The U.S. Holocaust Memorial Museum's oral history collection is one of the largest and most diverse resources for Holocaust testimonies in the world. The collection contains over 9,000 audio and video interviews. These testimonies enable students, researchers, and the general public to see and hear the first-hand accounts of those who experienced, witnessed, or perpetrated the events of the Holocaust."
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