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Hydrogen Fuel Cell | Yale Office of Sustainability - 1 views

sustainability.yale.edu/hydrogen2 pollution use how
shared by giumarraant99 on 22 Oct 12 - No Cached
  • At 250 kilowatts, the fuel cell produces 40-50% of the electricity for the Environmental Science Center. Its electricity production alone is 47% effective, and the addition of heat recovery allows for up to 60% efficiency
  • While designed to run on pure hydrogen, Yale’s fuel cell is actually powered by natural gas, 80% of which is usable hydrogen. The fuel cell takes in natural gas and water and produces water, electricity, and hot air.
  • giumarraant99 on 22 Oct 12
     
    Explains what this energy source is best suited for and how this energy source reduces other forms of pollution
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NREL: Hydrogen and Fuel Cells Research - Renewable Electrolysis - 0 views

www.nrel.gov/...renew_electrolysis.html use renewable sustainable hydrogen
shared by giumarraant99 on 24 Oct 12 - No Cached
  • Renewable electrolysis is a process that uses renewable electricity to produce hydrogen by passing an electrical current through water. Renewable energy sources such as photovoltaics, wind, biomass, hydropower, and geothermal can provide clean, sustainable electricity for our nation
  • Wind turbines can be used to produce hydrogen through a process called renewable electrolysis.
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EERE News: DOE Reports Show Major Potential for Wave and Tidal Energy Production Near U... - 0 views

apps1.eere.energy.gov/...pa_id=664 wave potential
shared by logansar99 on 24 Oct 12 - No Cached
  • The United States uses about 4,000 terawatt hours (TWh) of electricity per year. DOE estimates that the maximum theoretical electric generation that could be produced from waves and tidal currents is approximately 1,420 TWh per year, approximately one-third of the nation's total annual electricity usage.
  • calculate the maximum kinetic energy available from waves and tides off U.S. coasts that could be used for future energy production, and which represent largely untapped opportunities for renewable energy development in the United States.
  • The West Coast, including Alaska and Hawaii, has especially high potential for wave energy development, while significant opportunities for wave energy also exist along the East Coast. Additionally, parts of both the West and East Coasts have strong tides that could be tapped to produce energy.
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how wind energy works - 2 views

www.bwea.com/how.html wind how converted
shared by krolnik98 on 15 Mar 12 - Cached
    • krolnik98
      krolnik98 on 15 Mar 12
       
      good moving diagram
  • How Does Wind Energy Work? The diagram below shows a simplified version how a wind turbine converts the kinetic energy in the wind to electrical energy around the country. If you can't see the diagram you will need to download flash to see it. The wind blows on the blades and makes them turn. The blades turns a shaft inside the nacelle (the box at the top of the turbine) The shaft goes into a gearbox which increases the rotation speed enough for... The generator, which uses magnetic fields to convert the rotational energy into electrical energy. These are similar to those found in normal power stations. The power output goes to a transformer, which converts the electricity coming out of the generator at around 700 Volts (V) to the right voltage for distribution system, typically 33,000 V. The national grid transmits the power around the country.
  • krolnik98 on 15 Mar 12
     
    cool pics plus good info
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Wind Program: Advantages and Challenges of Wind Energy - 1 views

www1.eere.energy.gov/...wind_ad.html Wind pollution future challenges
shared by dpurdy on 03 Nov 11 - No Cached
  • Challenges Wind power must compete with conventional generation sources on a cost basis. Depending on how energetic a wind site is, the wind farm may or may not be cost competitive. Even though the cost of wind power has decreased dramatically in the past 10 years, the technology requires a higher initial investment than fossil-fueled generators. Good wind sites are often located in remote locations, far from cities where the electricity is needed. Transmission lines must be built to bring the electricity from the wind farm to the city. Wind resource development may compete with other uses for the land and those alternative uses may be more highly valued than electricity generation. Although wind power plants have relatively little impact on the environment compared to other conventional power plants, there is some concern over the noise produced by the rotor blades, aesthetic (visual) impacts, and sometimes birds have been killed by flying into the rotors. Most of these problems have been resolved or greatly reduced through technological development or by properly siting wind plants.
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Wind Program: History of Wind Energy - 2 views

www1.eere.energy.gov/...wind_history.html wind history
shared by pondalb98 on 03 Nov 11 - No Cached
  • Since early recorded history, people have been harnessing the energy of the wind. Wind energy propelled boats along the Nile River as early as 5000 B.C. By 200 B.C.,
  • Commonly called wind turbines, these machines appeared in Denmark as early as 1890. In the 1940s the largest wind turbine of the time began operating on a Vermont hilltop known as Grandpa's Knob. This turbine, rated at 1.25 megawatts in winds of about 30 mph, fed electric power to the local utility network for several months during World War II.
  • Since early recorded history, people have been harnessing the energy of the wind
  • ...1 more annotation...
  • However, industrialization also sparked the development of larger windmills to generate electricity. Commonly called wind turbines, these machines appeared in Denmark as early as 1890. In the 1940s the largest wind turbine of the time began operating on a Vermont hilltop known as Grandpa's Knob. This turbine, rated at 1.25 megawatts in winds of about 30 mph, fed electric power to the local utility network for several months during World War II.
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Fuel Cells - Electrochemical Power - 0 views

www.fuelcell.no/principle_mainpage_eng.htm hydrogen how
shared by dpurdy on 03 Nov 11 - No Cached
  • Fuel Cell Principle A fuel cell is an electrochemical energy converter. It converts chemical energy into electrical energy by two separated electrochemical reactions. In a hydrogen-fuelled polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC), hydrogen is oxidised to protons and electrons at the anode. Protons migrate through the membrane electrolyte to the cathode. As the membrane is an electric insulator, electrons are forced to flow in an external electric circuit. At the cathode, oxygen reacts with protons to produce water, which is the only waste product
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Wave power - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia - 2 views

en.wikipedia.org/...Wave_power wave sustainable history location what grid
shared by dpurdy on 03 Nov 11 - No Cached
  • Waves are generated by wind passing over the surface of the sea. As long as the waves propagate slower than the wind speed just above the waves, there is an energy transfer from the wind to the waves.
  • The first known patent to utilize energy from ocean waves dates back to 1799 and was filed in Paris by Girard and his son.[12] An early application of wave power was a device constructed around 1910 by Bochaux-Praceique to light and power his house at Royan, near Bordeaux in France
  • Once the wave energy is captured at a wave source, power must be carried to the point of use or to a connection to the electrical grid by transmission power cables.[2
  • ...2 more annotations...
  • The realistically usable worldwide resource has been estimated to be greater than 2 TW.[49][50] Locations with the most potential for wave power include the western seaboard of Europe, the northern coast of the UK, and the Pacific coastlines of North and South America, Southern Africa, Australia, and New Zealand. The north and south temperate zones have the best sites for capturing wave power. The prevailing westerlies in these zones blow strongest in winter. Waves are very predictable; waves that are caused by winds can be predicted five days in advance.[citation needed]
  • There is a potential impact on the marine environment. Noise pollution, for example, could have negative impact if not monitored, although the noise and visible impact of each design varies greatly.[5]. Other biophysical impacts (flora and fauna, sediment regimes and water column structure and flows) of scaling up the technology is being studied.[51] In terms of socio-economic challenges, wave farms can result in the displacement of commercial and recreational fishermen from productive fishing grounds, can change the pattern of beach sand nourishment, and may represent hazards to safe navigation.[52] Waves generate about 2,700 gigawatts of power
  • anonymous on 28 Sep 13
     
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NREL: Learning - Solar Photovoltaic Technology Basics - 1 views

www.nrel.gov/...re_photovoltaics.html solar history
shared by bolendev99 on 03 Nov 11 - Cached
  • The PV effect was discovered in 1954, when scientists at Bell Telephone discovered that silicon (an element found in sand) created an electric charge when exposed to sunlight.
  • bolendev99 on 08 Mar 13
     
    "The PV effect was discovered in 1954, when scientists at Bell Telephone discovered that silicon (an element found in sand) created an electric charge when exposed to sunlight. Soon solar cells were being used to power space satellites and smaller items like calculators and watches. Today, thousands of people power their homes and businesses with individual solar PV systems. Utility companies are also using PV technology for large power stations. "
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Business Opportunities Assessment for Solar Photovoltaic (PV) Market in Brazil - 0 views

www.prweb.com/...prweb11130878.htm photovoltaic solar cost opportunities business
shared by dylan purner on 20 Sep 13 - No Cached
  • The Brazilian government still awaits a reduction in solar prices to create a specific auction by the end of 2013 or the beginning of 2014. However, the Ministry of Mines and Energy (MME) does not demonstrate any signs of this happening.
  • In 2013, however, revenue and capacity installed are expected to double: projects will be delivered, the resolution 482/2012 will have a major impact, and X% of the National Association of Electric Energy’s (ANEEL’s) research and development (R&D) will conclude. Capacity installed expectations in 2013 will near X megawatts (MW); in 2014, X MW; in 2015, X MW; and beyond, faster expansion is expected. Currently, capacity installed for the solar market is X MW, but it is expected to reach X MW by 2017. The total possible capacity installed for Brazil is close to X gigawatts (GW). This market revenue will have a X% compound annual growth rate (CAGR) during the forecast period (2012–2017) due to ANEEL´s R&D, international events, and the resolution 482/2012 cost reductions. Now, market revenue is close to $X million and can reach $X million by 2017.
  • Distributed generation could grow faster with financial support, better service from energy concessionaries, and cost reductions; nonetheless, it will grow considerably.
  • ...2 more annotations...
  • Distributed microgeneration: electricity generating system, with capacity installed less than or equal to
  • kilowatts (kW); uses solar energy connected to the distribution network through facilities of consumer units Distributed minigeneration: electricity generating system with a capacity installed greater than 100 kW and less than or equal to X MW for the same sources; connected to the distribution network through facilities of consumer units
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Solar Power - Advantages and Disadvantages - Sustainable Development Information - 0 views

www.sustainabledevelopmentinfo.com/r-advantages-and-disadvantages solar sustainable
shared by sokolkyl00 on 20 Sep 13 - No Cached
  • By converting the power of the sun into electricity, solar energy is clean, green, will never run out and, after the initial cost of the solar panels, is entirely free
  • The sun is constant – it will always be there and is therefore a reliable, utterly renewable source of energy.
  • As it does not rely on the burning of harmful fuels to generate electricity, solar power is non-polluting – it does not contribute to global warming or greenhouse gas emissions.
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What is Tidal Energy? | Renewable Green Energy Power - 0 views

www.renewablegreenenergypower.com/what-is-tidal-energy tide renewable
shared by mannixjul00 on 23 Sep 13 - No Cached
  • It was used in the watermills along the shores of England during the Roman age and also used along the shores of France and Spain. This period was around 900 AD. The water rising from the tides was impounded in barrages and it was allowed to flow through waterwheels and other energy capturing devices thus capturing the energy and converting it into useful work used to grind grains and produce flour. The first tidal mill in the US was built in Salem, MA in 1635.
  • In recent history it was not until the 1960s that a tidal energy plant was built in France, on the estuary of La Rance, to capture the tidal energy and produce electricity. The plant has been operating for the past 50 or so years producing electricity without missing a tide. The second tidal energy plant was built about 20 years later in 1982 in Nova Scotia, Canada.
  • Water is much denser than air and this means that the tidal energy turbines would be much smaller than the wind energy turbines needed for the production of the same amount of electricity.
  • ...1 more annotation...
  • produced by the rise and fall of tides which occur in all parts of the world.
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Converting Sunlight into Electricity | Solar Power by KYOCERA | SOLAR POWER EXPO | KYOCERA - 0 views

global.kyocera.com/...mechanism.html solar convert
shared by demboskiemm00 on 23 Sep 13 - No Cached
  • Light striking a silicon semiconductor causes electrons to flow, creating electricity. Solar power generating systems take advantage of this property to convert sunlight directly into electrical energy.
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Pelamis Wave Power - 0 views

www.pelamiswave.com/pelamis-technology
shared by westkea00 on 25 Sep 13 - No Cached
  • The Pelamis is an offshore wave energy converter that uses the motion of waves to generate electricity.
  • The machine operates in water depths greater than 50m and is typically installed 2-10km from the coast. The machine is rated at 750kW with a target capacity factor of 25-40 per cent, depending on the conditions at the chosen project site. On average one machine will provide sufficient power to meet the annual electricity demand of approximately 500 homes.
  • The Pelamis machine is made up of five tube sections linked by universal joints which allow flexing in two directions. The machine floats semi-submerged on the surface of the water and inherently faces into the direction of the waves. As waves pass down the length of the machine and the sections bend in the water, the movement is converted into electricity via hydraulic power take-off systems housed inside each joint of the machine tubes, and power is transmitted to shore using standard subsea cables and equipment.
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Renewable Energy Sources (4) Wave energy | dnahtigal - 0 views

dnahtigal.wordpress.com/...e-energy-sources-4-wave-energy
shared by westkea00 on 25 Sep 13 - No Cached
  • Waves are caused by the action of winds on the sea. Waves can be many metres in height and contain a great deal of energy. This energy can be harnessed to drive turbines that generate electricity.
  • Wave energy collectors are of two main types. The first type directs waves into man-made channels, where the water passes through a turbine that generates electricity. The second type uses the up and down movement of a wave to push air
  • Wave energy can be harnessed in coastal areas, close to the shore. There has been one such device working on the island of Islay in Scotland since the early 1990s, producing 75kW of electricity.
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How Can Wind Be Turned into Electricity - Ask.com - 1 views

www.ask.com/...ind-be-turned-into-electricity wind convert
shared by mattisonmar00 on 23 Sep 13 - No Cached
  • The wind turbine is a rotating machine that turns the kinetic energy of wind into mechanical energy. The energy can then be used by machines or converted into electricity and stored.
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Photovoltaic Cells - 0 views

www.energyeducation.tx.gov/...c.html picture solar photovoltaic
shared by charlesjos00 on 03 Oct 13 - No Cached
  • Photovoltaic cells are made of at least two layers of semiconducting material. The first layer has a positive charge; the next layer has a negative charge. When sunlight strikes the cell, the semiconducting material absorbs photons from the light. This process frees electrons from the negative layer, which move to the positive layer. This flow of electrons constitutes an electric current, which can be captured in a circuit connecting the two layers. The electricity generated by a photovoltaic cell can be used directly, stored in batteries or sold back to a utility company.
  • blackmerbru98 on 03 Oct 13
     
    yes but they will if you get enough of them they will outlast the fossil fuels but as this all burns out it can work as we will also by finding new planets we could find more and more fuels i expect this would . happen within a few decades of our time. as this might happen we could probably be able to live on other planets by then so when the sun actuly goes out we will be prepared
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Fuel Cells & Hydrogen | Fuel Cells 2000 - 0 views

www.fuelcells.org/fuel-cells-and-hydrogen fuel cells hydrogen fuel cell
shared by careyeth99 on 13 Mar 13 - No Cached
  • careyeth99 on 13 Mar 13
     
    A fuel cell is an electrochemical device that combines hydrogen and oxygen to produce electricity, with water and heat as its by-product.
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Cost of Geothermal Energy - 0 views

www.energyformankind.org/...cost-of-geothermal-energy geothermal cost
shared by shinecal99 on 11 Mar 13 - No Cached
  • shinecal99 on 11 Mar 13
     
    "Certain studies have shown that a geothermal power plant that could be considered as economically competitive would cost at around $3400/kw installed. Yes, the cost of the construction of a geothermal power plant is much higher compared to a facility producing natural gas, however, the cost of electricity production of the two in the long run would be similar. Initially, the construction cost of the geothermal plant would be 2/3 of the total cost. On the other hand, with a natural gas facility, the cost of the fuel is 2/3 while construction cost is just 1/3 of the total cost.  So this is where geothermal power plant and natural gas energy come into a standoff. In the long run, production rates stabilize and the cost of production for both plants become competitive. One good thing about the pric"
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