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dpurdy

Fuel Cells - Electrochemical Power - 0 views

www.fuelcell.no/principle_history_eng.htm

history

shared by dpurdy on 03 Nov 11 - No Cached
  • The best known early fuel cell experiments were performed in 1842 by the British physicist and lawyer, Sir William R. Grove (1811-1896)
  • Due to easily accessible and large amounts of oil and the invention of the combustion engine (Carl Friedrich Benz and Gottlieb Daimler), fuel cells were forgotten until the middle of the 20th century. In the US Apollo space programme, fuel cells exhibited their first renaissance in the 1960’s. 
  • Fuel cell development has been slowed down by a fear of hydrogen as a Fuel. It is commonly believed that hydrogen is an extremely explosive and dangerous gas. Most of this belief was founded in 1937, when the hydrogen-filled zeppelin “Hindenburg” caught fire and crashed in Lakehurst, USA.
  • anonymous on 02 Oct 13
     
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dpurdy

HowStuffWorks "How the Hydrogen Economy Works" - 0 views

auto.howstuffworks.com/...hydrogen-economy2.htm

pollution location sustainable co2

shared by dpurdy on 03 Nov 11 - No Cached
  • The elimination of pollution caused by fossil fuels - When hydrogen is used in a fuel cell to create power, it is a completely clean technology. The only byproduct is water. There are also no environmental dangers like oil spills to worry about with hydrogen. The elimination of greenhouse gases - If the hydrogen comes from the electrolysis of water, then hydrogen adds no greenhouse gases to the environment. There is a perfect cycle -- electrolysis produces hydrogen from water, and the hydrogen recombines with oxygen to create water and power in a fuel cell. The elimination of economic dependence - The elimination of oil means no dependence on the Middle East and its oil reserves. Distributed production - Hydrogen can be produced anywhere that you have electricity and water. People can even produce it in their homes with relatively simple technology.
  • anonymous on 28 Sep 13
     
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geczyluk99

HowStuffWorks "Hydrogen Fuel Economy" - 0 views

auto.howstuffworks.com/...hydrogen-vehicle-benefit3.htm

hydrogen fuel economy fuel cell sustainable pollution

shared by geczyluk99 on 23 Sep 13 - No Cached
  • If hydrogen extraction is performed using electricity from a coal-driven power plant, it doesn't matter that the fuel cell doesn't pollute because the pollution occurred when the hydrogen was extracted. If hydrogen is to be a true nonpolluting power source, the electricity used to extract the hydrogen will need to be produced by a nonpolluting method such as solar power.
mannixjul00

Fossils Fuels vs. Renewable Energy | Ecology Global Network - 1 views

www.ecology.com/...-vs-renewable-energy-resources

renewable fossil fuels

shared by mannixjul00 on 24 Sep 13 - No Cached
  • Burning fossil fuels creates carbon dioxide, the number one greenhouse gas contributing to global warming. Combustion of these fossil fuels is considered to be the largest contributing factor to the release of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. In the 20th century, the average temperature of Earth rose 1 degree Fahrenheit (1°F). This was a period that saw the most prolific population growth and industrial development
  • Some estimates say our fossil fuel reserves will be depleted within 50 years, while others say it will be 100-120 years.
  • Sun, wind and water are perfect energy sources…depending on where you are. They are non-polluting, renewable and efficient
  • ...3 more annotations...
  • The object is to capture and harness their mechanical power and convert it to electricity in the most effective and productive manner possible.
  • Another form of hydroelectric energy is tidal power. In use since the early 1900s, tidal power stations collect the energy created by the rise and fall of the tides to convert to electricity.
    • mannixjul00
      mannixjul00 on 24 Sep 13
       
      history maybe?
brownale99

How is geothermal energy better than fossil fuels - 1 views

wiki.answers.com/...nergy_better_than_fossil_fuels

geothermal sustainable

shared by brownale99 on 12 Mar 13 - No Cached
  • brownale99 on 12 Mar 13
     
    "Geo thermal systems heat and cool your house cheaper and better than fossil fuels will with gas going up pretty soon you would not be able to afford it. It might be costly to put one in your house initially but it will pay itself off in 3-5 years. Also there is a company called ECONAR that builds a heat pump that will cool, heat, and do 50 to 100% of your hot water heat. Fossil fuels also produce carbon dioxide when burnt, adding to the greenhouse gases and contributing to climate change."
greenhan99

How is Biofuel Made - 0 views

www.agrabiofuels.com/howisbiofuelmade.html

biofuel convert

shared by greenhan99 on 08 Mar 13 - No Cached
  • Where does the first phase for biofuel production begin? The sun takes credit for the very first step in this process. The sun helps to grow crops and plants, which are then eventually used to produce biofuel. Biofuel is actually derived from biomass, which can come from gas, solid and liquid states.
  • These crops that are specifically grown to be used to produce biofuels are referred to as feedstocks. These feedstocks are the raw and unprocessed form that the bio fuel is derived from. Among the more common types of feedstocks and crops that are used for the production of biofuels are corn, sugar crops, and forests. In addition, even some of the byproducts of materials such as those that come from wood can be used in this process. These special byproducts are often converted to the liquid forms of biofuels, which include methanol and ethanol. With the ability to use these byproducts, production methods have gotten a lot less expensive since there is much less waste involved.
  • In addition, there are also certain natural oils that are also used to help produce this special type of fuel. For example, oil palm, soybean and algae are surprisingly capable of being burned directly in certain types of furnaces and engines and can also be blended with certain types of fuels or petroleum based fuels for a more powerful blended mixture.
  • ...2 more annotations...
  • Where does the first phase for biofuel production begin? The sun takes credit for the very first step in this process. The sun helps to grow crops and plants, which are then eventually used to produce biofuel. Biofuel is actually derived from biomass, which can come from gas, solid and liquid states.
  • Another means of producing biofuel that has proven to be especially efficient and cost effective is the conversion of vegetable oil to a burnable fuel that can be used with most types of engines.
greenhan99

BioDiesel Frequently Asked Questions | Rye Bio Fuels - 0 views

www.ryebiofuels.co.uk/bio-diesel-faq.php

form biofuel

shared by greenhan99 on 11 Mar 13 - No Cached
  • biofuel has been recently grown, rather than stored and processed over many years. Biofuel is made from what can be grown today whereas fossil fuel comes from biomatter grown millions of years ago – and is therefore not renewable
  • Biodiesel is a clean, renewable and domestically produced diesel fuel. Both biofuels and fossil fuels are of an organic nature (made from biological matter) but biofuel has been recently grown, rather than stored and processed over many years. Biofuel is made from what can be grown today whereas fossil fuel comes from biomatter grown millions of years ago – and is therefore not renewable . Biofuel is not a finite resource - we are only limited by what we can grow.
mchughkon99

Directory:Cents Per Kilowatt-Hour - PESWiki - 0 views

peswiki.com/...ectory:Cents_Per_Kilowatt-Hour

fossil fuels cost

shared by mchughkon99 on 22 Mar 13 - No Cached
  • GasCurrently supplies around 15% of the global electricity demand. 3.9 - 4.4 Cents/kW-h Gas-fired plants and generally quicker and less expensive to build than coal or nuclear, but a relatively high percentage of the cost/KWh is derived from the cost of the fuel. Due to the current (and projected future) upwards trend in gas prices, there is uncertainty around the cost / KWh over the lifetime of plants. Gas burns more cleanly than coal, but the gas itself (largely methane) is a potent greenhouse gas. Some energy conversions to calculate your cost of natural gas per kwh. 100 cubic feet (CCF)~ 1 Therm = 100,000 btu ~ 29.3 kwh. CoalCurrently supplies around 38% of the global electricity demand. 4.8 - 5.5 Cents/kW-h Increasingly difficult to build new coal plants in the developed world, due to environmental requirements governing the plants. Growing concern about coal fired plants in the developing world (China, for instance, imposes less environmental overhead, and has large supplies of high sulphur content coal). The supply of coal is plentiful, but the coal generation method is perceived to make a larger contribution to air pollution than the rest of the methods combined. NuclearCurrently supplies around 24% of the global electricity demand. 11.1 - 14.5 Cents/kW-h Political difficulties in using nuclear in some nations. Risk of widespread (and potentially lethal) contamination upon containment failure. fuel is plentiful, but problematic. Waste disposal remains a significant problem, and de-commissioning is costly (averaging approximately US $320MM per plant in the US).
  • mchughkon99 on 22 Mar 13
     
    cost for fossil fuels
tuckeremi99

Is Current Wind Growth Sustainable? | Renewable Energy World Magazine Article - 0 views

www.renewableenergyworld.com/...the-big-question1

wind sustainable

shared by tuckeremi99 on 22 Oct 12 - No Cached
  • wind farms are not only capital intensive but also have a long gestation period – could prove to be prohibitive for many potential investors.
  • terms of global policy, governments need to boost investments in onshore and offshore wind generation through the right mix of supportive policies and incentives.
  • wind energy will become even more attractive as it serves as an insurance against future increases in fuel and carbon prices, while reducing our dependency on fossil fuels imported from volatile regions.
  • ...17 more annotations...
  • Both in Europe and in the US, some 40% of all new power generating capacity installed in the past two years was wind energy. If the economic crisis continues, however, the reduction in power demand will start to impact wind energy, simply because of lower demand for new power plants. Nevertheless, the medium and long-term outlook remains very healthy, as political momentum is building towards a low carbon economy, without which humankind will not overcome three of the biggest concerns of our time – climate protection, energy security and the provision of jobs.
  • Wind power’s credentials as a rapidly deployable clean technology have put it at the forefront in the fight against climate change. Neither new nuclear capacity or carbon capture and storage (CCS) will contribute to CO2 reductions within the timeframe that the climate scientists give us. As a no-fuel, no-carbon emissions source of electricity, wind energy will play a big part in reducing carbon emissions before 2020.
  • A key element for policy makers is to dramatically improve competition in power markets, to ensure that investors, rather than consumers, are exposed to
  • The growth in wind power capacity has shown no signs of slowing, even in these tough economic times. For two years running there has been more new wind power capacity installed than any other power generating technology in Europe – including coal, gas and nuclear. In 2009 the European market for wind turbines experienced a 23% growth rate, the same as the average growth rate over the last 15 years.
  • future carbon and fuel price risk.
  • Wind power is a leader now, and will remain so in the future, attracting big investments and creating jobs. There is a boom waiting to happen in offshore wind energy. But, Europe’s ageing electricity grids must be upgraded and extended, and the EU must also pursue a drive to build an offshore grid in the North and Baltic seas that will connect offshore wind farms to the shore, piping vast amounts of CO2-free energy to consumers at affordable prices.
  • cleaner energy
  • he fact that wind is the most cost effective and scalable renewable source of energy.
  • past several years.
  • dynamic growth rate of the
  • Because of the small size of the existing installed base, the offshore wind sector will see higher growth percentages while the number of onshore turbines will continue to outpace those installed offshore.
  • Continued investment in grid infrastructure is critical for growth as well as wind turbine technology investments that improve efficiency and reliability while driving down emissions. Countries with the most efficient and flexible permitting processes will benefit by realizing the installation of the most advanced technology.
  • but renewable sources, and in large part, wind energy, have an extremely important role to play.
  • A fundamental value of wind is that it lowers risk in the overall generation mix by bringing in a fixed electricity cost. You don’t have any fuel risk, so you don’t have these big price spikes that you see when you generate electricity from gas or oil.
  • The wind power market is still intact. Demand for ‘green’ power stations remains unabated and nearly all governments have adopted policies aimed at environmental sustainability.
  • As our industry is still very young, wind power currently contributes only around 1.5% to global electricity supplies.
  • this merely serves to highlight the enormous potential for the future, especially as wind power is not only clean but also inexpensive. This is something that more and more governments and energy companies are realizing.
  • tuckeremi99 on 22 Oct 12
     
    "The growth in wind power capacity has shown no signs of slowing, even in these tough economic times. For two years running there has been more new wind power capacity installed than any other power generating technology in Europe - including coal, gas and nuclear. In 2009 the European market for wind turbines experienced a 23% growth rate, the same as the average growth rate over the last 15 years."Both in Europe and in the US, some 40% of all new power generating capacity installed in the past two years was wind energy. If the economic crisis continues, however, the reduction in power demand will start to impact wind energy, simply because of lower demand for new power plants. Nevertheless, the medium and long-term outlook remains very healthy, as political momentum is building towards a low carbon economy, without which humankind will not overcome three of the biggest concerns of our time - climate protection, energy security and the provision of jobs." "Wind power is a leader now, and will remain so in the future, attracting big investments and creating jobs. There is a boom waiting to happen in offshore wind energy. But, Europe's ageing electricity grids must be upgraded and extended, and the EU must also pursue a drive to build an offshore grid in the North and Baltic seas that will connect offshore wind farms to the shore, piping vast amounts of CO2-free energy to consumers at affordable prices."
dpurdy

Wind Energy Basics - 1 views

windeis.anl.gov/basics

wind how what location cost pollution infrastructure

shared by dpurdy on 15 Apr 12 - No Cached
  • The major challenge to using wind as a source of power is that it is intermittent and does not always blow when electricity is needed. Wind cannot be stored (although wind-generated electricity can be stored, if batteries are used), and not all winds can be harnessed to meet the timing of electricity demands. Further, good wind sites are often located in remote locations far from areas of electric power demand (such as cities).
  • Although wind power plants have relatively little impact on the environment compared to fossil fuel power plants, there is some concern over the noise produced by the rotor blades, aesthetic (visual) impacts, and birds and bats having been killed (avian/bat mortality) by flying into the rotors. Most of these problems have been resolved or greatly reduced through technological development or by properly siting wind plants.
  • A Renewable Non-Polluting Resource Wind energy is a free, renewable resource, so no matter how much is used today, there will still be the same supply in the future. Wind energy is also a source of clean, non-polluting, electricity. Unlike conventional power plants, wind plants emit no air pollutants or greenhouse gases. According to the U.S. Department of Energy, in 1990, California's wind power plants offset the emission of more than 2.5 billion pounds of carbon dioxide, and 15 million pounds of other pollutants that would have otherwise been produced. It would take a forest of 90 million to 175 million trees to provide the same air quality.
  • ...7 more annotations...
  • Cost Issues Even though the cost of wind power has decreased dramatically in the past 10 years, the technology requires a higher initial investment than fossil-fueled generators. Roughly 80% of the cost is the machinery, with the balance being site preparation and installation. If wind generating systems are compared with fossil-fueled systems on a "life-cycle" cost basis (counting fuel and operating expenses for the life of the generator), however, wind costs are much more competitive with other generating technologies because there is no fuel to purchase and minimal operating expenses.
    • dpurdy
      dpurdy on 03 Nov 12
       
      Good point for how we will need to change in future! To get more wind energy.
  • Wind energy is very abundant in many parts of the United States. Wind resources are characterized by wind-power density classes, ranging from class 1 (the lowest) to class 7 (the highest). Good wind resources (e.g., class 3 and above, which have an average annual wind speed of at least 13 miles per hour) are found in many locations
  • Wind speed is a critical feature of wind resources,
  • In other words, a stronger wind means a lot more power.
  • Horizontal turbine components include: blade or rotor, which converts the energy in the wind to rotational shaft energy; a drive train, usually including a gearbox and a generator; a tower that supports the rotor and drive train; and other equipment, including controls, electrical cables, ground support equipment, and interconnection equipment. Wind turbine diagram - click for enlarged image.
  • Wind is a form of solar energy. Winds are caused by the uneven heating of the atmosphere by the sun, the irregularities of the earth's surface, and rotation of the earth. Wind flow patterns are modified by the earth's terrain, bodies of water, and vegetative cover.
  • How Wind Power Is Generated The terms "wind energy" or "wind power" describe the process by which the wind is used to generate mechanical power or electricity. Wind turbines convert the kinetic energy in the wind into mechanical power.
dpurdy

Hydrogen Fuel Cells | INTUITECH - Intuitive Technologies - 1 views

intuitech.biz/?p=7666

hydrogen current use

shared by dpurdy on 15 Mar 12 - No Cached
  • Thirty-eight nationally recognized companies in the United States, including eleven Fortune 500 corporations, are collectively saving millions of dollars in electricity costs while reducing carbon emissions by tens of thousands of tons per year by using fuel cells, according to a new report by fuel Cells 2000, a non-profit education and outreach organization. 
dpurdy

How Fuel Cells Work - 0 views

www.fueleconomy.gov/...fcv_PEM.shtml

hydrogen how

shared by dpurdy on 19 Mar 12 - Cached
  • Most fuel cells designed for use in vehicles produce less than 1.16 volts of electricity—far from enough to power a vehicle. Therefore, multiple cells must be assembled into a fuel cell stack.
  • dpurdy on 19 Mar 12
     
    great pic on how fuel cells look. 
dpurdy

Biomass Fuel - The Basics of Biomass Fuel - 1 views

www.alternative-energy-resources.net/biomassfuel.html

Biomass energy what

shared by dpurdy on 03 Nov 11 - Cached
  • Biomass fuel refers to anything that can either burn or decompose. Other terms are biomass energy or biofuel. The prefix "bio" refers to life.
  • Also utilizing the source of bioenergy reduces pollution, helps control carbon dioxide emissions ( Remember, plants take in CO2 which will offset emissions)
  • dpurdy on 03 Nov 11
     
    Biomass fuel refers to anything that can either burn or decompose. Other terms are biomass energy or biofuel. The prefix "bio" refers to life.
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dpurdy

Fuel Cells - Electrochemical Power - 1 views

www.fuelcell.no/applications_mobile_eng.htm

fuel cells history cost

shared by dpurdy on 03 Nov 11 - No Cached
  • One of the first applications for fuel cells based on their advantageous properties was in the US space program.
  • Compared to IC engines, fuel cells have practically no polluting exhaust like NOx and sulphides.
  • It is generally acknowledged that the feasibility and durability of fuel cells in automobiles has been proven. The major focus now is on cost reduction
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schmettererdav00

HowStuffWorks "How Biodiesel Works" - 0 views

auto.howstuffworks.com/...biodiesel.htm

biofuel form

shared by schmettererdav00 on 30 Sep 13 - Cached
  • Lost in the mix are the biofuels, fuels made from biological ingredients instead of fossil fuels. These starting ingredients can range from corn to soybeans to animal fat, depending on the type of fuel being made and the production method.
schmettererdav00

How Much Does Biodiesel Reduce Air Pollutants? - 0 views

www.allegrobiodiesel.com/dieselreduceairpollutants.html

biofuel pollution

shared by schmettererdav00 on 13 Mar 13 - No Cached
  • Biodiesel fuel almost eliminates the air pollution caused by petroleum based fuels. Toxins that can cause cancer are virtually cut to zero by the use of biodiesel fuel instead of regular diesel fuel.
careyeth99

Hydrogen economy - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia - 0 views

en.wikipedia.org/...Hydrogen_economy

hydrogen economy wikipedia free encyclopedia

shared by careyeth99 on 14 Mar 13 - Cached
  • careyeth99 on 14 Mar 13
     
    "The hydrogen economy is a proposed system of delivering energy using hydrogen. The term hydrogen economy was coined by John Bockris during a talk he gave in 1970 at General Motors (GM) Technical Center.[1] Hydrogen advocates promote hydrogen as a potential fuel for motive power[2] (including cars and boats), the energy needs of buildings and portable electronics. Free hydrogen does not occur naturally in quantity, but can be generated by steam reformation of hydrocarbons, water electrolysis or by other methods. Hydrogen is thus an energy carrier (like a battery), not a primary energy source (like coal). The feasibility of a hydrogen economy depends on issues of electrolysis, energy sourcing, including fossil fuel use, climate change, and sustainable energy generation."
boothreb99

Hydrogen's Dirty Secret | Mother Jones - 0 views

www.motherjones.com/...hydrogens-dirty-secret

_ fuel cell pollution co2

shared by boothreb99 on 11 Mar 13 - No Cached
  • boothreb99 on 11 Mar 13
     
    "Such a system, experts say, would effectively eliminate most of the benefits offered by hydrogen. Although the fuel-cell cars themselves may emit nothing but water vapor, the process of producing the fuel cells from hydrocarbons will continue America's dependence on fossil fuels and leave behind carbon dioxide, the primary cause of global warming."
fieldingbry99

Ocean Wave Energy - Pros and Cons - 1 views

www.energy-consumers-edge.com/ocean_wave_energy.html

current convert pollution

shared by fieldingbry99 on 12 Mar 13 - No Cached
  • But, on shore ocean wave energy generators will occupy extended lengths of coastline. And most of the coastlines of the world that have significant wave activity are either highly desired residential areas, or they are pristine wilderness.
  • Ocean wave energy is still in the development stages but it is already apparent that its impact on the environment could be relatively high compared to other renewable energies.
  • It is noteworthy that even these environmental impacts are far less than those of most fossil fuel plants.
  • ...1 more annotation...
  • electrical charges of less than $.05 per KWh; which makes it competitive with fossil fuel generators.
  • fieldingbry99 on 12 Mar 13
     
    " wave energy is very close to being competitive with installed costs that suggest electrical charges of less than $.05 per KWh; which makes it competitive with fossil fuel generators. But that figure doesn't take into account the fact that wave energy is intermittent and variable. Even in the most active wave areas, there are many days with little wave activity."
jack wells

Environmental impact of wind power - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia - 0 views

en.wikipedia.org/...ronmental_impact_of_wind_power

cost pollution

shared by jack wells on 12 Mar 13 - No Cached
  • Compared to the environmental impact of traditional energy sources, the environmental impact of wind power is relatively minor, slightly higher than the environmental impact of hydro power on a life-cycle basis. Unlike electricity derived from fossil fuel-powered generating plants, wind power consumes no fuel and emits no air pollution in operation. As well, wind power consumes no fuel in operation, unlike nuclear power plants which do.
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