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crandallchr98

Hydrogen Fuel Cells - Disadvantages - 0 views

  • Fuel cells are currently very expensive, but since they have a simple construction, mass production costs would become extremely low. 
  • Prototype fuel cells last only 1/5th as long as would be needed to make fuel cells cost-effective.
  • They are energy losers because it costs more to produce hydrogen than is earned by using hydrogen in fuel cells:  Electricity generated by fuel cells in cars costs thousands of dollars per kilowatt:  This would have to fall by a factor of 10 for fuel cells to become economically viable.
ackleysam99

Disadvantages Of Solar Energy - 2 views

  • One of the main disadvantages is the initial cost of the equipment used to harness the suns energy
  • A solar energy installation requires a large area for the system to be efficient in providing a source of electricity
  • pollution can degrade the efficiency of photovoltaic cells. Clouds also provide the same effect, as they can reduce the energy of the suns rays
dpurdy

First Solar to build new solar plant for NRG | Reuters - 0 views

  • t is expected to be completed by the end of 2012, and will sell its output to UniSource Energy Corp's Tucson Electric Power under a 20-year contract
dpurdy

Distributed Energy Resources Guide: Fuel Cells - Cost - 3 views

  • Price projections vary among fuel cell developers, but most are targeting costs below $1,500/kW
  • Maintenance costs of a fuel cell are expected to be comparable to that of a microturbine, ranging from $0.005-$0.010/kWh (based on an annual inspection visit to the unit).
  • At the current price, units are only used in high value, "niche" markets where reliability is premium, and in areas where electricity prices are very high and natural gas prices are low.
stamperdyl98

Electricity from Fuel Cells - Technology Review - 0 views

  • because the cost of fuel cells has dropped significantly over the last few years.
bartontri97

New Platinum Could Mean Cheaper, More Efficient Fuel Cells - 0 views

  • Fuel cells are electrochemical devices that transform the chemical energy of a fuel into electricity generating water as a by-product.
  • Fuel cells use hydrogen and oxygen to complete their energy-producing reactions.
efana1

Long Island, New York City Offshore Wind Project - 0 views

  • Advantages of Wind Power
  • goal for the State to meet 45 percent of its electricity needs through improved energy efficiency and renewable sources by the year 2015
  • renewable resource that could provide a significant amount of clean energy to consumers
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  • Wind's relative low-energy density
dpurdy

The Hidden Cost of Fossil Fuels | Union of Concerned Scientists - 2 views

  • Fossil fuels—coal, oil, and natural gas—are America's primary source of energy, accounting for 85 percent of current US fuel use.
  • Many of the environmental problems our country faces today result from our fossil fuel dependence. These impacts include global warming, air quality deterioration, oil spills, and acid rain.
  • Over the last 150 years, burning fossil fuels has resulted in more than a 25 percent increase in the amount of carbon dioxide in our atmosphere.
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  • limate scientists predict that if carbon dioxide levels continue to increase, the planet will become warmer in the next century.
  • Several important pollutants are produced by fossil fuel combustion: carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides, and hydrocarbons. In addition, total suspended particulates contribute to air pollution, and nitrogen oxides and hydrocarbons can combine in the atmosphere to form tropospheric ozone, the major constituent of smog.
  • Finally, fossil fuel use also produces particulates, including dust, soot, smoke, and other suspended matter, which are respiratory irritants.
  • Oil spills, for example, leave waterways and their surrounding shores uninhabitable for some time.
  • Production, transportation, and use of oil can cause water pollution.
  • Sulfur oxides are produced by the oxidization of the available sulfur in a fuel. Utilities that use coal to generate electricity produce two-thirds of the nation's sulfur dioxide emissions. Nitrogen oxides and sulfur oxides are important constituents of acid rain
  • Hydrocarbons are emitted from human-made sources such as auto and truck exhaust, evaporation of gasoline and solvents, and petroleum refining.
  • Two oxides of nitrogen--nitrogen dioxide and nitric oxide--are formed in combustion. Nitrogen oxides appear as yellowish-brown clouds over many city skylines
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    The article we read in class. Use the summary we wrote or refer to this.
dpurdy

How Fuel Cells Work - 0 views

  • Most fuel cells designed for use in vehicles produce less than 1.16 volts of electricity—far from enough to power a vehicle. Therefore, multiple cells must be assembled into a fuel cell stack.
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    great pic on how fuel cells look. 
wellsann99

Wind Power History - 0 views

  • It development of technology have been well proven over the years of time. When the sun emit heat to warm of the Earth it would be unbearable without wind. Wind widely disperses the heat making it bearable for all living things to survive. Without wind nothing would exist, it would just like all the other planets uninhibited by human nature or any living things for that matter.
  • A wind turbine is a machine that transforms kinetic energy from the wind into mechanical energy.
  • Wind power was first used in ancient times with the sail boat.
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  • When windmills were first developed they were used to assist man with the chores of pumping and grinding.
  • Well wind power is the transformation of energy from wind to electricity or other forms of energy
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    what wind power is
dpurdy

Huge challenges in scaling up biofuels infrastructure - 1 views

  • Major changes will be needed to grow, handle, transport and store the immense quantities of biomass -- mostly lignocellulosic feedstocks such as switchgrass, crop residues and forest wastes -- necessary to continually feed electric power generation stations and produce biofuels for transportation,
  • converting to a system in which biomass provides much of the country's energy will require new ways of thinking about agriculture, energy infrastructure and rural economic development.
  • It is estimated that bioenergy has the potential to provide up to 60 percent of the world's primary energy, and biomass seems poised to provide a major alternative to fossil fuels,"
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  • "Thus, the combination of expected growth in energy demand and the lower density of biomass imply that by 2050, biomass transport volumes will be greater than the current capacity of the entire energy and agricultural commodity infrastructure,
  • "For example, a large biofuel plant would require 16 to 20 tanker trucks or railcars per day to move the fuel to market, increasing both traffic and costs."
dpurdy

Fuel Cells - Electrochemical Power - 1 views

  • Hydrogen as the Main Fuel of the Future Over the last decades hydrogen, (H2) has gained more and more attention as an environmentally friendly fuel and storage medium. Combustion of pure hydrogen produces only water as exhaust. Hydrocarbon and carbon oxide emissions can only come from motor oil in the combustion chamber. Nitrous oxide emissions result from the nitrogen content in the air and increase exponentially with the combustion temperature. By using H2 in fuel cells, practically no pollution occurs. In this respect, hydrogen offers emission levels that are much lower than existing and future standards.
  • Hydrogen is the most common of all elements in the universe.
  • The desire for a long-term transition to a hydrogen society is mainly based on the need to reduce polluting and climate-affecting emissions and the concern about depletion of fossil fuel resources. Today about 90 % of the world's energy consumption is covered by fossil fuels, and most of this comes from a limited number of regions in the world. Even if hydrogen will be used on a large scale in the future, there is still a need for an energy source to produce it. Renewable energy technology such as hydro electricity, wind, wave and solar power are in principle available, but are not yet mature for mass production and/or fully developed. 
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dpurdy

HowStuffWorks "How the Hydrogen Economy Works" - 0 views

  • The elimination of pollution caused by fossil fuels - When hydrogen is used in a fuel cell to create power, it is a completely clean technology. The only byproduct is water. There are also no environmental dangers like oil spills to worry about with hydrogen. The elimination of greenhouse gases - If the hydrogen comes from the electrolysis of water, then hydrogen adds no greenhouse gases to the environment. There is a perfect cycle -- electrolysis produces hydrogen from water, and the hydrogen recombines with oxygen to create water and power in a fuel cell. The elimination of economic dependence - The elimination of oil means no dependence on the Middle East and its oil reserves. Distributed production - Hydrogen can be produced anywhere that you have electricity and water. People can even produce it in their homes with relatively simple technology.
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Wave Energy Wave Power Clean Renewable Electricity Generation - Wavegen - 1 views

  • Ocean waves are a tertiary form of solar energy, in that unequal heating of the Earth’s surface generates wind, and wind blowing over water generates waves. Despite the fact that nearly 75% of the Earth’s surface is covered with water, waves are a largely unexplored source of energy, compared with the progress that has been made in harnessing the sun and wind.
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EIA Energy Kids - Hydropower - 1 views

  • Tides are caused by the gravitational pull of the moon and sun, and the rotation of the Earth. Near shore, water levels can vary up to 40 feet due to tides. Dam of the Tidal Power Plant on the Estuary of the Rance River, Bretagne, France Source: Stock photography (copyrighted) Tidal power is more predictable than wind energy and solar power. A large enough tidal range — 10 feet — is needed to produce tidal energy economically.
  • The United States has no tidal plants and only a few sites where tidal energy could be produced economically. France, England, Canada, and Russia have much more potential to use this type of energy.
  • Tidal turbines are basically wind turbines in the water that can be located anywhere there is strong tidal flow. Because water is about 800 times denser than air, tidal turbines have to be much sturdier than wind turbines. Tidal turbines are heavier and more expensive to build but capture more energy.
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  • Waves are caused by the wind blowing over the surface of the ocean. There is tremendous energy in the ocean waves. It's estimated that the total potential off the coasts of the United States is 252 billion kilowatthours a year, about 6% of the United States' electricity consumption in 2010. The west coasts of the United States and Europe and the coasts of Japan and New Zealand are good sites for harnessing wave energy.
  • Many more ways to capture wave energy are currently under development. Some of these devices being developed are placed underwater, anchored to the ocean floor, while others ride on top of the waves. The world's first commercial wave farm using one such technology opened in 2008 at the Aguçadora Wave Park in Portugal.
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Wind Program: Wind Energy Resource Potential - 1 views

  • The United States has enough wind resources to generate electricity for every home and business in the nation. But not all areas are suitable for wind energy development.
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Renewable energy - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia - 0 views

  • Ocean energy Systems to harvest utility-scale electrical power from ocean waves have recently been gaining momentum as a viable technology. The potential for this technology is considered promising, especially on west-facing coasts with latitudes between 40 and 60 degrees:[74]
dpurdy

Energy Resources: Solar power - 0 views

  • Advantages
  • Solar energy is free - it needs no fuel and produces no waste or pollution.
  • Handy for low-power uses such as solar powered garden lights and battery chargers, or for helping your home energy bills.
  • ...3 more annotations...
  • Disadvantages
  • Very expensive to build solar power stations, although the cost is coming down as technology improves. In the meantime, solar cells cost a great deal compared to the amount of electricity they'll produce in their lifetime.
  • Is it renewable? Solar power is renewable. The Sun will keep on shining anyway, so it makes sense to use it.
dpurdy

Energy Resources: Wind power - 0 views

  • The Sun heats our atmosphere unevenly, so some patches become warmer than others. These warm patches of air rise, other air blows in to replace them - and we feel a wind blowing. We can use the energy in the wind by building a tall tower, with a large propellor on the top. The wind blows the propellor round, which turns a generator to produce electricity.
  • he best places for wind farms are in coastal areas, at the tops of rounded hills, open plains and gaps in mountains - places where the wind is strong and reliable. Some are offshore.
  • The best places for wind farms are in coastal areas, at the tops of rounded hills, open plains and gaps in mountains - places where the wind is strong and reliable. Some are offshore.
  • ...4 more annotations...
  • Advantages Wind is free, wind farms need no fuel. Produces no waste or greenhouse gases. The land beneath can usually still be used for farming
  • Suitable areas for wind farms are often near the coast, where land is expensive.
  • Can be noisy. Wind generators have a reputation for making a constant, low, "swooshing" noise day and night, which can drive you nuts.
  • Wind power is renewable. Winds will keep on blowing, it makes sense to use them.
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Energy Resources: Tidal power - 1 views

  • Advantages Once you've built it, tidal power is free. It produces no greenhouse gases or other waste. It needs no fuel. It produces electricity reliably. Not expensive to maintain. Tides are totally predictable. Offshore turbines and vertical-axis turbines are not ruinously expensive to build and do not have a large environmental impact. Disadvantages A barrage across an estuary is very expensive to build, and affects a very wide area - the environment is changed for many miles upstream and downstream. Many birds rely on the tide uncovering the mud flats so that they can feed. Fish can't migrate, unless "fish ladders" are installed. Only provides power for around 10 hours each day, when the tide is actually moving in or out. There are few suitable sites for tidal barrages Is it renewable? Tidal energy is renewable. The tides will continue to ebb and flow, and the energy is there for the taking.
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