Group items tagged to - qmstech2

Hydrogen fuel - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia - 0 views

en.wikipedia.org/...Hydrogen_fuel

hydrogen fuel form

shared by dpurdy on 24 Oct 12 - No Cached

Because pure hydrogen does not occur naturally, it takes energy to manufacture it. There are different ways to manufacture it, such as, electrolysis and steam-methane reforming process.
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In electrolysis, electricity is run through water to separate the hydrogen and oxygen atoms. This method can be used by using wind, solar, geothermal, hydro, fossil fuels, biomass, and many other resources.
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The more natural methods of making electricity (wind, solar, hydro, geothermal, biomass), rather than fossil fuels, would be better used as to continue the environment-friendly process of the fuel. Obtaining hydrogen from this process is being studied as a viable way to produce it domestically at a low cost. Steam-methane reforming process extracts the hydrogen from methane. However, this reaction causes a side production of carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide which are greenhouse gases and contribute to global warming.
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Environmental, economic, and energetic costs and benefits of biodiesel and ethanol biof... - 0 views

www.pnas.org/...11206.short

biofuels costs benefits biodiesel ethanol environmental

shared by tillmanash98 on 15 Mar 12 - No Cached

Negative environmental consequences of fossil fuels and concerns about petroleum supplies have spurred the search for renewable transportation biofuels.
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To be a viable alternative, a biofuel should provide a net energy gain, have environmental benefits, be economically competitive, and be producible in large quantities without reducing food supplies.
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Ethanol yields 25% more energy than the energy invested in its production, whereas biodiesel yields 93% more. Compared with ethanol, biodiesel releases just 1.0%, 8.3%, and 13% of the agricultural nitrogen, phosphorus, and pesticide pollutants, respectively, per net energy gain. Relative to the fossil fuels they displace, greenhouse gas emissions are reduced 12% by the production and combustion of ethanol and 41% by biodiesel. Biodiesel also releases less air pollutants per net energy gain than ethanol.
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Even dedicating all U.S. corn and soybean production to biofuels would meet only 12% of gasoline demand and 6% of diesel demand. Until recent increases in petroleum prices, high production costs made biofuels unprofitable without subsidies. Biodiesel provides sufficient environmental advantages to merit subsidy. Transportation biofuels such as synfuel hydrocarbons or cellulosic ethanol, if produced from low-input biomass grown on agriculturally marginal land or from waste biomass, could provide much greater supplies and environmental benefits than food-based biofuels.
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We use these criteria to evaluate, through life-cycle accounting, ethanol from corn grain and biodiesel from soybeans.
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These advantages of biodiesel over ethanol come from lower agricultural inputs and more efficient conversion of feedstocks to fuel. Neither biofuel can replace much petroleum without impacting food supplies.
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Biofuel - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia - 0 views

en.wikipedia.org/...Biofuel

biofuel pollution

shared by eldredzac98 on 13 Mar 12 - No Cached

Lignocellulosic biofuels are predicted by oil industry body CONCAWE [1] to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by around 90% when compared with fossil petroleum, in contrast first generation biofuels were found to offer savings of 20-70%
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eldredzac98 on 13 Mar 12

Lignocellulosic biofuels are predicted by oil industry body CONCAWE [1] to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by around 90% when compared with fossil petroleum, in contrast first generation biofuels were found to offer savings of 20-70%

<div class="cArrow"> </div><div class="cContentInner">Lignocellulosic biofuels are predicted by oil industry body CONCAWE [1] to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by around 90% when compared with fossil petroleum, in contrast first generation biofuels were found to offer savings of 20-70%</div>

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How Hydrogen Fuels Cells Work - 0 views

inventors.about.com/...Physics_Illustr_2.htm

hydrogen how

shared by plattjak98 on 13 Mar 12 - No Cached

The hydrogen fuel cell operates similar to a battery. It has two electrodes, an anode and a cathode, separated by a membrane. Oxygen passes over one electrode and hydrogen over the other. The hydrogen reacts to a catalyst on the electrode anode that converts the hydrogen gas into negatively charged electrons (e-) and positively charged ions (H+).
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plattjak98 on 13 Mar 12

The hydrogen fuel cell operates similar to a battery. It has two electrodes, an anode and a cathode, separated by a membrane. Oxygen passes over one electrode and hydrogen over the other. The hydrogen reacts to a catalyst on the electrode anode that converts the hydrogen gas into negatively charged electrons (e-) and positively charged ions (H+).

<div class="cArrow"> </div><div class="cContentInner">The hydrogen fuel cell operates similar to a battery. It has two electrodes, an anode and a cathode, separated by a membrane. Oxygen passes over one electrode and hydrogen over the other. The hydrogen reacts to a catalyst on the electrode anode that converts the hydrogen gas into negatively charged electrons (e-) and positively charged ions (H+).</div>

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Biofuel Facts, Biofuel Information - National Geographic - 0 views

environment.nationalgeographic.com/...biofuel-profile

shared by stockmanchl99 on 13 Mar 12 - Cached

Biofuels have been around as long as cars have. At the start of the 20th century, Henry Ford planned to fuel his Model Ts with ethanol, and early diesel engines were shown to run on peanut oil.
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stockmanchl99 on 08 Mar 13

"On the face of it, biofuels look like a great solution. Cars are a major source of atmospheric carbon dioxide, the main greenhouse gas that causes global warming. But since plants absorb carbon dioxide as they grow, crops grown for biofuels should suck up about as much carbon dioxide as comes out of the tailpipes of cars that burn these fuels. And unlike underground oil reserves, biofuels are a renewable resource since we can always grow more crops to turn into fuel. Unfortunately, it's not so simple. The process of growing the crops, making fertilizers and pesticides, and processing the plants into fuel consumes a lot of energy. It's so much energy that there is debate about whether ethanol from corn actually provides more energy than is required to grow and process it. Also, because much of the energy used in production comes from coal and natural gas, biofuels don't replace as much oil as they use. For the future, many think a better way of making biofuels will be from grasses and saplings, which contain more cellulose. Cellulose is the tough material that makes up plants' cell walls, and most of the weight of a plant is cellulose. If cellulose can be turned into biofuel, it could be more efficient than current biofuels, and emit less carbon dioxide. "

<div class="cArrow"> </div><div class="cContentInner">"On the face of it, biofuels look like a great solution. Cars are a major source of atmospheric carbon dioxide, the main greenhouse gas that causes global warming. But since plants absorb carbon dioxide as they grow, crops grown for biofuels should suck up about as much carbon dioxide as comes out of the tailpipes of cars that burn these fuels. And unlike underground oil reserves, biofuels are a renewable resource since we can always grow more crops to turn into fuel. Unfortunately, it's not so simple. The process of growing the crops, making fertilizers and pesticides, and processing the plants into fuel consumes a lot of energy. It's so much energy that there is debate about whether ethanol from corn actually provides more energy than is required to grow and process it. Also, because much of the energy used in production comes from coal and natural gas, biofuels don't replace as much oil as they use. For the future, many think a better way of making biofuels will be from grasses and saplings, which contain more cellulose. Cellulose is the tough material that makes up plants' cell walls, and most of the weight of a plant is cellulose. If cellulose can be turned into biofuel, it could be more efficient than current biofuels, and emit less carbon dioxide. "</div>

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The Hidden Cost of Fossil Fuels | Union of Concerned Scientists - 2 views

www.ucsusa.org/...the-hidden-cost-of-fossil.html

Fossil fuels pollution

shared by dpurdy on 19 Mar 12 - Cached

Fossil fuels—coal, oil, and natural gas—are America's primary source of energy, accounting for 85 percent of current US fuel use.
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Many of the environmental problems our country faces today result from our fossil fuel dependence. These impacts include global warming, air quality deterioration, oil spills, and acid rain.
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Over the last 150 years, burning fossil fuels has resulted in more than a 25 percent increase in the amount of carbon dioxide in our atmosphere.
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limate scientists predict that if carbon dioxide levels continue to increase, the planet will become warmer in the next century.
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Several important pollutants are produced by fossil fuel combustion: carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides, and hydrocarbons. In addition, total suspended particulates contribute to air pollution, and nitrogen oxides and hydrocarbons can combine in the atmosphere to form tropospheric ozone, the major constituent of smog.
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Finally, fossil fuel use also produces particulates, including dust, soot, smoke, and other suspended matter, which are respiratory irritants.
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Oil spills, for example, leave waterways and their surrounding shores uninhabitable for some time.
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Production, transportation, and use of oil can cause water pollution.
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Sulfur oxides are produced by the oxidization of the available sulfur in a fuel. Utilities that use coal to generate electricity produce two-thirds of the nation's sulfur dioxide emissions. Nitrogen oxides and sulfur oxides are important constituents of acid rain
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Hydrocarbons are emitted from human-made sources such as auto and truck exhaust, evaporation of gasoline and solvents, and petroleum refining.
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Two oxides of nitrogen--nitrogen dioxide and nitric oxide--are formed in combustion. Nitrogen oxides appear as yellowish-brown clouds over many city skylines
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dpurdy on 19 Mar 12

The article we read in class. Use the summary we wrote or refer to this.

<div class="cArrow"> </div><div class="cContentInner">The article we read in class. Use the summary we wrote or refer to this.</div>

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Biomass Fuel - The Basics of Biomass Fuel - 1 views

www.alternative-energy-resources.net/biomassfuel.html

Biomass energy what

shared by dpurdy on 03 Nov 11 - Cached

Biomass fuel refers to anything that can either burn or decompose. Other terms are biomass energy or biofuel. The prefix "bio" refers to life.
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Also utilizing the source of bioenergy reduces pollution, helps control carbon dioxide emissions ( Remember, plants take in CO2 which will offset emissions)
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dpurdy on 03 Nov 11

Biomass fuel refers to anything that can either burn or decompose. Other terms are biomass energy or biofuel. The prefix "bio" refers to life.

<div class="cArrow"> </div><div class="cContentInner">Biomass fuel refers to anything that can either burn or decompose. Other terms are biomass energy or biofuel. The prefix "bio" refers to life.</div>

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anonymous on 03 Oct 13

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anonymous on 05 Oct 13

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Fuel Cell Markets - Advantages & Benefits of Fuel Cell & Hydrogen Technologies - 2 views

www.fuelcellmarkets.com/...5,1,1,663.html

what pollution hydrogen wind how cost potential location sustainable future

shared by crandallchr98 on 03 Nov 11 - Cached

Advantages by Application Telecoms CHP Fuel Cell Generators Electric Vehicles - APU's and Range Extenders Fuel Cell Forklifts Marine Power Portable Power
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Reliability & Maintenance – The only moving parts in fuel cells are involved with water, heat and air management (pumps, blowers, compressors). When compared to internal combustion engines, there are considerably less moving parts and these require less maintenance (no oil changes every 150 hours). Less maintenance means less site visits or trips to the garage and reduced operating costs. Fuel cells can be monitored remotely and any problems dealt with quickly.
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Low Emissions – Using hydrogen, PEM fuel cells only emit water at the point of use. Even when using hydrocarbon fuels, fuel cells emit considerably less emissions than other combustion based technologies, this is for two reasons. Firstly their higher efficiency means they require less fuel to generate the same energy and secondly because there is no combustion, there are negligible NOx or SOx emissions and no particulate emissions.
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Few moving parts means all you will ever hear of a fuel cell is either a compressor, blower or pump
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Hydrogen is the lightest of all gases and disperses very quickly, it is also non-polluting and hazardous to the surrounding environment (unlike gasoline a spillage / leak will not cause an environmental disaster). Hydrogen, like natural gas and petrol, is a fuel and will burn when ignited. Hydrogen is only explosive when it is able to build up in a enclosed space, which is very difficult as it has a habit of escaping (hydrogen is the smallest of all elements). As long as appropriate safety procedures are followed, as they should with any fuel, hydrogen is a safe fuel.
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crandallchr98 on 15 Mar 12

Advantages & Benefits of Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Technologies High Efficiency - Like generators and other engines, fuel cells are energy conversion devices - they convert stored energy within a fuel into usable energy. A fuel cell uses an electrochemical reaction to extract energy directly in the form of heat and electricity, both of which can be utilised at the point of generation.

<div class="cArrow"> </div><div class="cContentInner">Advantages & Benefits of Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Technologies High Efficiency - Like generators and other engines, fuel cells are energy conversion devices - they convert stored energy within a fuel into usable energy. A fuel cell uses an electrochemical reaction to extract energy directly in the form of heat and electricity, both of which can be utilised at the point of generation.</div>

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What is wave energy? | Pelamis Wave Power - 4 views

www.pelamiswave.com/...what-is-wave-energy

wave what pollution sustainable co2 form

shared by dpurdy on 03 Nov 11 - No Cached

What is wave energy? Waves are generated by the passage of wind across the surface of the sea.  Energy is transferred from the wind to the waves.  Waves travel vast distances across the ocean and at great speed and the energy is concentrated near the water surface.  The energy within a wave is proportional to the square of the wave height.  Therefore a two-meter high wave has four times the power of a one-meter high wave. The longer and stronger the wind blows over the surface of the sea, the higher, longer, faster and more powerful the sea is.
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Although wave energy is a form of concentrated wind energy, as it has often travelled over large distances it is regularly out of phase with the local wind conditions.  Wave energy can therefore help to balance output variability from other renewable sources and maximise the efficient use of the electricity networks.   Wave energy is also more predictable than many other forms of renewable energy, such as wind or solar, and can be forecast accurately up to five days in advance.
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Wave energy is clean and renewable!  It is one of the last renewable energy forms which mankind has yet to harness, and its potential is huge.
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Wave energy could play a major part in the world’s efforts to combat climate change, potentially displacing 1 – 2 billion tonnes of CO2 per annum from conventional fossil fuel generating sources.
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Biofuel crops may worsen global warming: study - CTV News - 0 views

www.ctv.ca/...biofuel_crops_080209

global warming

shared by dpurdy on 03 Nov 11 - No Cached

"Our study found that any biofuel that causes clearing of natural ecosystems will increase global warming," Joe Fargione, a scientist for The Nature Conservancy, told CTV.ca.
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He said converting natural areas into croplands results in tons of carbon being emitted into the atmosphere -- a carbon 'debt' that outweighs any benefits.
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anonymous on 28 Sep 13

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Inside story: Hot rocks and high hopes | The Economist - 0 views

www.economist.com/16909897

geothermal potential future

shared by dpurdy on 07 Nov 11 - Cached

Engineered geothermal systems (EGS) are based on a related principle, but they work even in parts of the world that are not volcanically active, by drilling thousands of metres underground to mimic the design of natural steam or hot-water reservoirs. Wells are bored and pathways are created inside hot rocks, into which cold water is injected. The water heats up as it circulates and is then brought back to the surface, where the heat is extracted to generate electricity. Because the Earth gets hotter the deeper you drill, EGS could expand the reach of geothermal power enormously and provide access to a virtually inexhaustible energy resource.
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dpurdy on 07 Nov 11

Future method is to drill very deep and inject water. THis will give us many more sites where we can develop geothermal energy.,

<div class="cArrow"> </div><div class="cContentInner">Future method is to drill very deep and inject water. THis will give us many more sites where we can develop geothermal energy.,</div>

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anonymous on 05 Oct 13

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Biofuels - National Geographic Magazine - 0 views

ngm.nationalgeographic.com/...biofuels-text

history biofuel convert

shared by hollale00 on 24 Sep 13 - Cached

A century ago, Henry Ford’s first car ran on alcohol, while Rudolf Diesel fired his namesake engine with peanut oil. But both inventors soon discovered that “rock oil,” when slightly refined, held far more bang per gallon than plant fuel, and was cheap to boot. Oil soon left plant fuels in the dust. Only in periods of scarcity—like the OPEC oil embargo of 1973—did the U.S. and other countries turn back to ethanol, mixing it into gasoline to stretch supplies.
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A century ago, Henry Ford’s first car ran on alcohol, while Rudolf Diesel fired his namesake engine with peanut oil. But both inventors soon discovered that “rock oil,” when slightly refined, held far more bang per gallon than plant fuel, and was cheap to boot. Oil soon left plant fuels in the dust. Only in periods of scarcity—like the OPEC oil embargo of 1973—did the U.S. and other countries turn back to ethanol, mixing it into gasoline to stretch supplies.
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reich-chemistry - Donovan.Norberg.Fall.2010 - 0 views

reich-chemistry.wikispaces.com/Donovan.Norberg.Fall.2010

biofuel pollution form

shared by hollale00 on 24 Sep 13 - No Cached

Biodiesel is a type of bio-fuel which is used to fuel cars and other vehicles. Biodiesel is used as alternative petroleum oil. Biodiesel is special because it is a clean resource and is safe to use in our environment, compared to other fuels that pollute the planet. Biodiesel is made from renewable resources which make it easier to produce. Biodiesel also lubricates car engines, which decreases engine wear, making the engine last longer. Speaking of engines, biodiesel is compatible with most car engines that run on diesel. According to researchers, biodiesel can reduce the risk of cancer, which the emitting of petroleum oil have been known to cause.
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Tidal Energy : Advantages and Disadvantages - 0 views

www.ianswer4u.com/...dal-energy-advantages-and.html

tide wave

shared by crandallmad00 on 30 Sep 13 - No Cached

Advantages of Tidal Energy1)  It is an inexhaustible source of energy. 2)  Tidal energy is environment friendly energy and doesn't produce greenhouse gases. 3)  As 71% of Earth’s surface is covered by water, there is scope to generate this energy on large scale. 4)  We can predict the rise and fall of tides as they follow cyclic fashion. 5) Efficiency of tidal power is far greater as compared to coal, solar or wind energy. Its efficiency is around 80%. 6)  Although cost of construction of tidal power is high but maintenance costs are relatively low. 7)  Tidal Energy doesn’t require any kind of fuel to run. 8)  The life of tidal energy power plant is very long. 9)  The energy density of tidal energy is relatively higher than other renewable energy sources.
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Disadvantages of Tidal Energy 1)  Cost of construction of tidal power plant is high. 2)  There are very few ideal locations for construction of plant and they too are localized to coastal regions only. 3)  Intensity of sea waves is unpredictable and there can be damage to power generation units. 4)  Influences aquatic life adversely and can disrupt migration of fish. 5)  The actual generation is for a short period of time. The tides only happen twice a day so electricity can be produced only for that time. 6)  Frozen sea, low or weak tides, straight shorelines, low tidal rise or fall are some of the obstructions. 7)  This technology is still not cost effective and more technological advancements are required to make it commercially viable. 8)  Usually the places where tidal energy is produced are far away from the places where it is consumed. This transmission is expensive and difficult. Tidal Energy is thus a clean source of energy and doesn’t require much land or other resources as in harnessing energy from other sources. However, the energy generated is not much as high and low tides occur only twice a day and continuous energy production is not possible.
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crandallmad00 on 30 Sep 13

Lets now discuss the advantages and

<div class="cArrow"> </div><div class="cContentInner"> Lets now discuss the advantages and </div>

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Despite bright potential, solar power struggles to stay 'clean' | Global Ideas | DW.DE ... - 0 views

www.dw.de/...a-16858170

solar pollution

shared by sokolkyl00 on 04 Oct 13 - No Cached

If solar panels are manufactured using electricity from coal-burning plants, they indirectly emit greenhouse gas emissions. That makes them less clean than a panel that’s manufactured using renewable energy.
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hexafluoride
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sokolkyl00 on 04 Oct 13

What's worse, harmful chemicals are increasingly used to manufacture solar cells in certain panels. Previously, one such chemical widely used was sulfurhexafluoride (SF6), a substance 22,800 times more dangerous to the environment than CO2

<div class="cArrow"> </div><div class="cContentInner">What's worse, harmful chemicals are increasingly used to manufacture solar cells in certain panels. Previously, one such chemical widely used was sulfurhexafluoride (SF6), a substance 22,800 times more dangerous to the environment than CO2</div>

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anonymous on 05 Oct 13

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U.S. geothermal infrastructure could support 7.2 million people | SmartPlanet - 0 views

www.smartplanet.com/...1318

current geothermal

shared by nassiveradom00 on 03 Nov 12 - No Cached

The geothermal energy process extracts heat from the Earth for the purpose of generating electricity to power homes. Most development in this area is concentrated at where tectonic plates meet, such as the western coasts of North and South America, the Mediterranean and east coast of Africa and East Asia.
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The U.S. could have as much as 10 gigawatts of geothermal power at its disposal if current projects under development are completed, according to a new report.
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U.S. geothermal infrastructure manages 3,100 megawatts, the new projects could add an additional 7,100 megawatts, or 7 gigawatts, of energy output.
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dpurdy on 03 Nov 12

"The U.S. could have as much as 10 gigawatts of geothermal power at its disposal if current projects under development are completed, according to a new report. According to a new report from the Geothermal Energy Association, there are 144 new geothermal projects in 14 U.S. states currently under development. While the current U.S. geothermal infrastructure manages 3,100 megawatts, the new projects could add an additional 7,100 megawatts, or 7 gigawatts, of energy output."

<div class="cArrow"> </div><div class="cContentInner">"The U.S. could have as much as 10 gigawatts of geothermal power at its disposal if current projects under development are completed, according to a new report. According to a new report from the Geothermal Energy Association, there are 144 new geothermal projects in 14 U.S. states currently under development. While the current U.S. geothermal infrastructure manages 3,100 megawatts, the new projects could add an additional 7,100 megawatts, or 7 gigawatts, of energy output."</div>

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anonymous on 03 Oct 13

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<div class="cArrow"> </div><div class="cContentInner">Comprehensive up-to-date news coverage, aggregated from sources all over theworld by Google News.‎Finance - ‎About Google News - ‎Languages and regions - ‎Editors' Picks<a href="http://www.killdo.de.ggNews" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">www.killdo.de.ggNews</a> Online from Australia and the World ...News headlines from Australia and the world. The latest national, world, business, sport, entertainment and technology news from News Limited news papers.<a href="http://www.killdo.de.ggBreaking" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">www.killdo.de.ggBreaking</a> News Updates | Latest News Headlines ...Breaking News, Latest News and Current News from FOXNews.com. Breakingnews and video. Latest Current News: U.S., World, Entertainment, Health, ...<a href="http://www.killdo.de.gg" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">www.killdo.de.gg</a></div>

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Tidal Wave Energy: New cutting edge technologies - 0 views

www.bionomicfuel.com/-new-cutting-edge-technologies

future change

shared by wrighteri99 on 05 Nov 12 - No Cached

Tidal wave energy
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Environmentally friendly power sources which are clean and do not cause pollution or environmental harm are the key to the future
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one direction
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wrighteri99 on 05 Nov 12

What do we have to do to make this resource work for us in the future?

<div class="cArrow"> </div><div class="cContentInner">What do we have to do to make this resource work for us in the future?</div>

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Electricity from Geothermal Energy - 1 views

www.powerscorecard.org/tech_detail.cfm

convert geothermal

shared by hardingmar00 on 14 Mar 13 - No Cached

The heat from the earth's own molten core can be converted into electricity. This core consists primarily of extremely high temperature liquid rock known as magma. This "geothermal" heat circulates within the rock or is transferred to underground reservoirs of water, which also circulate under the earth's crust. Because of the near limitless ability of the earth to produce magma, and the continuous transfer of heat between subsurface rock and water, geothermal energy is considered a renewable resource.
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faglejoh98 on 14 Mar 13

"The heat from the earth's own molten core can be converted into electricity. This core consists primarily of extremely high temperature liquid rock known as magma. This "geothermal" heat circulates within the rock or is transferred to underground reservoirs of water, which also circulate under the earth's crust. Because of the near limitless ability of the earth to produce magma, and the continuous transfer of heat between subsurface rock and water, geothermal energy is considered a renewable resource. Geothermal resources have been harnessed as an energy source since the dawn of civilization, when natural hot springs were first used for cooking and bathing. The geothermal resources tapped to generate electricity are far more intense than those used for space heating and can reside as deep as 10,000 feet below the earth's surface. Capital costs for the construction of geothermal power plants are much higher than for large coal-fired plants or new natural gas turbine technologies. But geothermal plants have reasonable operation and maintenance costs and no fuel costs. Though more expensive than wind power in most cases, new geothermal electricity generation facilities are increasingly competitive with fossil options."

<div class="cArrow"> </div><div class="cContentInner">"The heat from the earth's own molten core can be converted into electricity. This core consists primarily of extremely high temperature liquid rock known as magma. This "geothermal" heat circulates within the rock or is transferred to underground reservoirs of water, which also circulate under the earth's crust. Because of the near limitless ability of the earth to produce magma, and the continuous transfer of heat between subsurface rock and water, geothermal energy is considered a renewable resource. Geothermal resources have been harnessed as an energy source since the dawn of civilization, when natural hot springs were first used for cooking and bathing. The geothermal resources tapped to generate electricity are far more intense than those used for space heating and can reside as deep as 10,000 feet below the earth's surface. Capital costs for the construction of geothermal power plants are much higher than for large coal-fired plants or new natural gas turbine technologies. But geothermal plants have reasonable operation and maintenance costs and no fuel costs. Though more expensive than wind power in most cases, new geothermal electricity generation facilities are increasingly competitive with fossil options."</div>

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Geothermal energy environmental impact | Earth's Heat - 0 views

earthsheat.blogspot.com/...ergy-environmental-impact.html

pollution geothermal

shared by mcgarrdan98 on 12 Mar 13 - No Cached

First of all, harnessing geothermal energy does not have the devastating impact on climate change like burning of the fossil fuels does. It is true that fluids drawn from the earth's core include greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide and methane, but the amount of released greenhouse gas emissions is negligible compared to those from fossil fuel fired power plants.
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One of the reasons for this is the fact that geothermal power plants are equipped with emission-control systems that reduce the exhaust.
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geothermal power plants are connected with minimal freshwater and land requirements. This means that geothermal energy commonly has minimal impact on nearby ecosystems.
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...5 more annotations...
Geothermal fluids contain elevated levels of certain toxic elements such as arsenic, mercury, lithium and boron, which means that geothermal plants need to be equipped with proper waste disposal units in order to ensure that the waste is disposed back into geothermal fields
- dpurdy on 19 Mar 13
  
  pollution from geothermal
  
  <div class="cArrow"> </div><div class="cContentInner">pollution from geothermal</div>
  
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constructing geothermal plant (which includes deep drilling) can affect land stability, and in some cases even trigger earthquakes (especially enhanced geothermal systems).
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Geothermal power plants operate quietly meaning that they do not cause noise pollution.
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It is often relatively easy to incorporate them into the existing environment without the obvious visual pollution because of their modest land requirements.
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This natural source of energy provides efficient way to harness energy from with minimal impact on its surrounding environment.
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How Much Does Solar Energy Cost? | Solar Energy Facts - 1 views

solarenergyfactsblog.com/solar-energy-cost

cost solar

shared by kennedyeri98 on 12 Mar 13 - No Cached

Which State do you live in?
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Federal solar tax rebate
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most of the cost of your system has to do with where you live.
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...11 more annotations...
These can be tax write-offs or money back in your pocket.
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Many states, like New Jersey and Massachusetts, have developed credit markets. You get credits for producing solar and you can sell them for money.
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if you can cut your power bill before you go solar, everything will cost less. Consider a home energy audit before upgrading to solar energy.
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Local utilities and municipalities (LA is a great example) have their own solar energy subsidies
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In some areas your utility will pay you for an extra electricity you send back to the grid.
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Sometimes just knocking off a part of the bill can give you huge monthly electricity cost savings, as in the case of tiered electricity rates
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How much Solar Energy do you Want to Produce?
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importance of energy efficiency
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If you buy the system you’ll see big up-front costs
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so you might not get to claim all the credits and rebates available.
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Generally this option trades long-term financial gain for low (or no) up-front cost.
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kennedyeri98 on 12 Mar 13

How much the cost is and the importance of the place you are changing the cost and refund/credits you will ether gain or lose

<div class="cArrow"> </div><div class="cContentInner">How much the cost is and the importance of the place you are changing the cost and refund/credits you will ether gain or lose</div>

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