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brockwaymck99

Reducing the Cost of Fuel Cells - 0 views

  • Most folks don’t realize the depth of the economic problem that fuels cells pose for mass adoption.  Often there are price quotes running in the tens or hundreds of thousands of dollars.  That’s because the catalysts of choice are the noble metals platinum or palladium.  These are very rare metals, more so than gold and have considerable market presence already in the automotive field.
dpurdy

Photovoltaic power station - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia - 0 views

  • A photovoltaic power station, also known as a solar park, is a large-scale photovoltaic system designed for the supply of merchant power into the electricity grid. They are differentiated from most building-mounted and other decentralised solar power applications because they supply power at the utility level, rather than to a local user or users. They are sometimes also referred to as solar farms or solar ranches, especially when sited in agricultural areas.
  • Most stations are sited within a few kilometres of a suitable grid connection point. This network needs to be capable of absorbing the output of the solar park when operating at its maximum capacity. The project developer will normally have to absorb the cost of providing powerlines to this point and making the connection; in addition often to any costs associated with upgrading the grid, so it can accommodate the output from the plant.
  • Income is therefore affected not only by the reliability of equipment within the plant, but also by the availability of the grid network to which it is exporting
ackleysam99

Why We Need Solar Power - 0 views

  • When we look at what is available today in solar equipment it has come a long way  but still needs a long way to go.
  • ater they installed a solar hot air collector; this unit worked awesome during the winter months. It would raise the temperature of the home to the mid 80’s during the winter if you continued to let it run.
  • Yet each year we are becoming more energy efficient. The growing problem that really disturbs me is that while I consume less energy then I did in previous years my energy bills continue to climb at a record pace.
hughesacam99

Wave Energy Pros and Cons - Energy Informative - 0 views

  • Harnessing wave energy comes without the emission of harmful green house gases. This is the main motivation factor behind further development of this way of power generation.
  • Like with most green energy sources, wave power is also renewable. Since this energy source ultimately comes from the heat energy that is emitted from the sun, it will not disappear for some time – in fact, several billion years or as long time it takes for the sun to burn out.
  • The energy density is typically around 30-40 kW for every meter (2.2 feet) of wave along the shore. As we go further into the ocean 100kW for every meter is not uncommon.
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  • Waves are hardly interrupted and almost always in motion.
  • This makes generating electricity from wave energy a reasonable reliable energy source
  • It should be mentioned that the amount of energy that is being transported through waves does vary every year and from season to season. On the northern hemisphere, the average value of November and May could be different with a factor of two or more.
shortsleevesky99

Fuel Cells - 1 views

  • Current estimates for an entire system, including fuel and air supply, insulation, fuel cells stack, reformer and desulfurizer, piping, labor, depreciation, system control and power electronics is as high as $4000 per kW [20].
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    "The technology for fuel cells has been around since 1839. NASA further developed the technology for the Gemini space project[18],[19]. Fuel cell technology remains in a developmental phase and only in the past ten years has development significantly increased."
dynesbri97

How is Wind Formed? - Answers.Ask.com - 0 views

  • Wind is formed when heats over a large area, causing the air to expand and causing a pressure change. When a low pressure system runs into a high pressure system, it causes a change in the air resulting in wind
bureaumar98

Biofuels | Biofuel Guide - 0 views

  • There have been studies that prove the many benefits of substituting fossil fuels (petroleum, etc) with biofuels such as biodiesel and ethanol. In its simplest sense, such biofuels are biodegradable which means they are derived from organic materials. They are naturally renewable. It can create numerous jobs since our own farmers can practically make them domestically. Consequently, our reliance on foreign sources of fossil fuels will be significantly reduced. Moreover, these biofuels emit nontoxic and cleaner emissions in comparison to traditional fuels. These alternative fuels also do not promote global warming, since the carbon they emit is taken back to the environment.
  • biofuel is far more simple and easy to use
potterzac97

Solar vehicle - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia - 0 views

  • Power density: Power from a solar array is limited by the size of the vehicle and area that can be exposed to sunlight. While energy can be accumulated in batteries to lower peak demand on the array and provide operation in sunless conditions, the battery adds weight and cost to the vehicle. The power limit can be mitigated by use of conventional electric cars supplied by solar (or other) power, recharging from the electrical grid.
conwayjam99

World of Wind Energy.com - The World's #1 Wind Energy Site! - News - WIND ECOLOGY AND P... - 1 views

  • Wind power is a renewable resource, which means using it will not deplete the earth's supply of fossil fuels. It also is a clean energy source, and operation does not produce carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, mercury, particulates, or any other type of air pollution, as do conventional fossil fuel power sources.
  • Wind power consumes no fuel for continuing operation, and has no emissions directly related to electricity production.
  • Wind power's ability to reduce pollution and greenhouse gas emissions will depend on the amount of wind energy produced, and hence scalability.
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  • Wind power may also have an indirect effect on pollution at other production facilities, due to the need for reserve and regulation, and may affect the efficiency profile of plants used to balance demand and supply, particularly if those facilities use fossil fuel sources. Compared to other power sources, however, wind energy's direct emissions are low, and the materials used in construction (concrete, steel, fiberglass, generation components) and transportation are straightforward.
  • Wind power's ability to reduce pollution and greenhouse gas emissions will depend on the amount of wind energy produced, and hence scalability.
  • Wind power may also have an indirect effect on pollution at other production facilities, due to the need for reserve and regulation, and may affect the efficiency profile of plants used to balance demand and supply, particularly if those facilities use fossil fuel sources. Compared to other power sources, however, wind energy's direct emissions are low, and the materials used in construction (concrete, steel, fiberglass, generation components) and transportation are straightforward.
  • carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, mercury, particulates, or any other type of air pollution, as do conventional fossil fuel power sources.
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    " United States, onshore and near-shore turbines kill 70,000 birds per year, compared to 57 million killed by cars and 97.5 million killed by collisions with plate glass."
stamperdyl98

Fossil Fuel Alternatives for Cars | eHow.com - 0 views

  • Hydrogen Hydrogen can be produced domestically through electrolysis (the process of splitting the hydrogen and oxygen particles apart in a water molecule). When used in automobiles, a hydrogen-powered car will emit only water vapor from its tailpipe. Hydrogen vehicles use fuel cells as their source of power, and currently this technology is too expensive for most consumers. If the costs of fuel cell technology and hydrogen production can decrease, hydrogen may become one of the most environmentally friendly and sustainable sources of energy available.
krolnik98

how wind energy works - 2 views

    • krolnik98
       
      good moving diagram
  • How Does Wind Energy Work? The diagram below shows a simplified version how a wind turbine converts the kinetic energy in the wind to electrical energy around the country. If you can't see the diagram you will need to download flash to see it. The wind blows on the blades and makes them turn. The blades turns a shaft inside the nacelle (the box at the top of the turbine) The shaft goes into a gearbox which increases the rotation speed enough for... The generator, which uses magnetic fields to convert the rotational energy into electrical energy. These are similar to those found in normal power stations. The power output goes to a transformer, which converts the electricity coming out of the generator at around 700 Volts (V) to the right voltage for distribution system, typically 33,000 V. The national grid transmits the power around the country.
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    cool pics plus good info
buttlingzac97

About Wind Energy: Benefits of Wind - 3 views

  • Wind energy releases no pollution into the air or water, and does not contribute to global warming
  • "on average, each MWh of electricity generated in the U.S. results in the emission of 1,341 pounds of carbon dioxide (CO2)
  • his avoided CO2 equals over 1.8 million tons of carbon, enough to fill 180 trains, each 100 cars long, with each car holding 100 tons of carbon every year."
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  • iversifies the national energy portfolio and reduces America's reliance on imported fuels
crandallchr98

Hydrogen Fuel Cells - Disadvantages - 0 views

  • Fuel cells are currently very expensive, but since they have a simple construction, mass production costs would become extremely low. 
  • Prototype fuel cells last only 1/5th as long as would be needed to make fuel cells cost-effective.
  • They are energy losers because it costs more to produce hydrogen than is earned by using hydrogen in fuel cells:  Electricity generated by fuel cells in cars costs thousands of dollars per kilowatt:  This would have to fall by a factor of 10 for fuel cells to become economically viable.
dpurdy

Distributed Energy Resources Guide: Fuel Cells - Cost - 3 views

  • Price projections vary among fuel cell developers, but most are targeting costs below $1,500/kW
  • Maintenance costs of a fuel cell are expected to be comparable to that of a microturbine, ranging from $0.005-$0.010/kWh (based on an annual inspection visit to the unit).
  • At the current price, units are only used in high value, "niche" markets where reliability is premium, and in areas where electricity prices are very high and natural gas prices are low.
bartontri97

New Hope for Hydrogen Storage - 0 views

  • It is plenty in nature although it doesn’t occur freely but in association with other compounds.
  • It does not produce greenhouse gases that are damaging to the surroundings.
stockmanchl99

Biofuel Facts, Biofuel Information - National Geographic - 0 views

  • Biofuels have been around as long as cars have. At the start of the 20th century, Henry Ford planned to fuel his Model Ts with ethanol, and early diesel engines were shown to run on peanut oil.
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    "On the face of it, biofuels look like a great solution. Cars are a major source of atmospheric carbon dioxide, the main greenhouse gas that causes global warming. But since plants absorb carbon dioxide as they grow, crops grown for biofuels should suck up about as much carbon dioxide as comes out of the tailpipes of cars that burn these fuels. And unlike underground oil reserves, biofuels are a renewable resource since we can always grow more crops to turn into fuel. Unfortunately, it's not so simple. The process of growing the crops, making fertilizers and pesticides, and processing the plants into fuel consumes a lot of energy. It's so much energy that there is debate about whether ethanol from corn actually provides more energy than is required to grow and process it. Also, because much of the energy used in production comes from coal and natural gas, biofuels don't replace as much oil as they use. For the future, many think a better way of making biofuels will be from grasses and saplings, which contain more cellulose. Cellulose is the tough material that makes up plants' cell walls, and most of the weight of a plant is cellulose. If cellulose can be turned into biofuel, it could be more efficient than current biofuels, and emit less carbon dioxide. "
big_jerome

How do wind turbines transform the energy found in the wind - 1 views

  • A wind turbine is a rotating machine which converts the kinetic energy in wind into mechanical energy. If the mechanical energy is used directly by machinery, such as a pump or grinding stones, the machine is usually called a windmill.
  • wind t
dpurdy

Cost of hydrogen from different sources - 0 views

  • Estimated cost of hydrogen per kilogram in a variety of scenarios With all of this in mind, here are the cost estimates per kilogram (which each include $1.25 for taxes): Hydrogen from natural gas (produced via steam reforming at fueling station) $4 – $5 per kilogram of hydrogen Hydrogen from natural gas (produced via steam reforming off-site and delivered by truck) $6 – $8 per kilogram of hydrogen Hydrogen from wind (via electrolysis) $8 – $10 per kilogram of hydrogen Hydrogen from nuclear (via electrolysis) $7.50 – $9.50 per kilogram of hydrogen Hydrogen from nuclear (via thermochemical cycles – assuming the technology works on a large scale) $6.50 – $8.50 per kilogram of hydrogen Hydrogen from solar (via electrolysis) $10 – $12 per kilogram of hydrogen Hydrogen from solar (via thermochemical cycles – assuming the technology works on a large scale) $7.50 – $9.50 per kilogram of hydrogen As mentioned above, a cost of hydrogen of $4 to $12 per kilogram is equivalent to gasoline at $1.60 to $4.80 per gallon.
dpurdy

Hydrogen vehicle - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia - 2 views

  • As of October 2009, Fortune magazine estimated the cost of producing the Honda Clarity at $300,000 per car
  • by 2010, the Department of Energy estimated that the cost had fallen 80% and that such fuel cells could be manufactured for $51/kW,
  • When compared to ICE vehicles using gasoline, however, fuel cell vehicles using hydrogen produced from natural gas reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 60%
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    • dpurdy
       
      so an internal combustion engine releases more co2 than a fuel cell that uses natural gas as its hydrogen source. 
  • Hydrogen fuel does not occur naturally on Earth and thus is not an energy source, but is an energy carrier. Currently it is most frequently made from methane or other fossil fuels. However, it can be produced from a wide range of sources (such as wind, solar, or nuclear) that are intermittent, too diffuse or too cumbersome to directly propel vehicles. Integrated wind-to-hydrogen plants, using electrolysis of water, are exploring technologies to deliver costs low enough, and quantities great enough, to compete with traditional energy sources.[1]
  • While methods of hydrogen production that do not use fossil fuel would be more sustainable
  • The challenges facing the use of hydrogen in vehicles include production, storage, transport and distribution.
  • The hydrogen infrastructure consists mainly of industrial hydrogen pipeline transport and hydrogen-equipped filling stations like those found on a hydrogen highway. Hydrogen stations which are not situated near a hydrogen pipeline can obtain supply via hydrogen tanks, compressed hydrogen tube trailers, liquid hydrogen tank trucks or dedicated onsite production.
  • Hydrogen fuel does not occur naturally on Earth and thus is not an energy source, but is an energy carrier. Currently it is most frequently made from methane or other fossil fuels. However, it can be produced from a wide range of sources (such as wind, solar, or nuclear) that are intermittent, too diffuse or too cumbersome to directly propel vehicles. Integrated wind-to-hydrogen plants, using electrolysis of water, are exploring technologies to deliver costs low enough, and quantities great enough, to compete with traditional energy sources.[2]
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    Fuel cell cars are expensive.  The fuel cell costs a lot
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